scholarly journals The Stability of Daily Situation Experiences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Finnigan
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

How stable are people’s day-to-day lives? It is now well-established that personality traits and behavior are quite stable over time (Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000). Several theories of personality suggest that the stability of one’s environment contributes to the stability of personality. However, little is known about the extent to which features of people’s daily environments are stable. In this secondary analysis, I examined the rank-order stability of individual differences in features of daily situations in a 2-year longitudinal study of daily life (N = 387). I analyzed three waves of two-week Experience Sampling Method (ESM) assessments of daily situation experiences, personality states, and behavior. ESM open responses were also coded for the DIAMONDS characteristics in the first two waves of ESM assessment. Personality states were found to be stable from year-to-year (M Stability = .63). Situated experiences (e.g., familiarity) were found to be about as stable as personality states. Activities (e.g., at home) and the eight DIAMONDS characteristics were found to be less stable than personality and situated experiences, but still showed moderate stability. These findings suggest that situation experience may be a viable individual difference and that the stability of environments may contribute to the stability of behavior, and vice versa.

Emotional Variability Predicts Tiredness in Daily Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aire Mill ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Intraindividual variability, along with the more frequently studied between-person variability, has been argued to be one of the basic building blocks of emotional experience. The aim of the current study is to examine whether intraindividual variability in affect predicts tiredness in daily life. Intraindividual variability in affect was studied with the experience sampling method in a group of 110 participants (aged between 19 and 84 years) during 14 consecutive days on seven randomly determined occasions per day. The results suggest that affect variability is a stable construct over time and situations. Our findings also demonstrate that intraindividual variability in affect has a unique role in predicting increased levels of tiredness at the momentary level as well at the level of individuals.

On the Robustness of Solution Strategy Classifications

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Contreras ◽  
Víctor J. Rubio ◽  
Daniel Peña ◽  
José Santacreu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Strategy Changes ◽  
Over Time

Individual differences in performance when solving spatial tasks can be partly explained by differences in the strategies used. Two main difficulties arise when studying such strategies: the identification of the strategy itself and the stability of the strategy over time. In the present study strategies were separated into three categories: segmented (analytic), holistic-feedback dependent, and holistic-planned, according to the procedure described by Peña, Contreras, Shih, and Santacreu (2008) . A group of individuals were evaluated twice on a 1-year test-retest basis. During the 1-year interval between tests, the participants were not able to prepare for the specific test used in this study or similar ones. It was found that 60% of the individuals kept the same strategy throughout the tests. When strategy changes did occur, they were usually due to a better strategy. These results prove the robustness of using strategy-based procedures for studying individual differences in spatial tasks.

Multiple Selves and Multitasking: A Dynamic Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022199149
Author(s):  
Shan Xu ◽  
Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Over Time

This study integrates the theory of multiple selves within the theoretical framework of dynamic motivational activation (DMA) to identify the dynamic patterns of multiple self-concepts (i.e., the potential self, the actual self) in multitasking (e.g., primary and secondary activities) in daily life. A three-week experience sampling study was conducted on college students. Dynamic panel modeling results suggest that the self-concepts are both sustaining and shifting in daily activities and media activities. Specifically, the potential and actual selves sustained themselves over time in primary and secondary activities, but they also shifted from one to another to achieve a balance in primary activities over time. Interestingly, secondary activities were not driven by the alternative self-concept in primary activities, but instead, by the emotional experiences of primary activities. Furthermore, the findings identified that multitasking to fulfill their actual self did not motivate people to re-prioritize their potential self later.

scholarly journals The Persistence of Slowed Time Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Two Longitudinal Studies in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Droit-Volet ◽  
Natalia Martinelli ◽  
Johann Chevalère ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Guillaume Dezecache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Depressive State ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Normal Perception ◽  
Over Time

The home confinement imposed on people to fight the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the flow of time by disrupting daily life, making them feel that time was passing slowly. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the evolution over time of this subjective experience of time and its significant predictors (boredom, decreased happiness, life rhythm, and sleep quality). Twso samples of French participants were followed up: the first for several weeks during the first lockdown (April 2020) and then 1year later (April 2021; Study 1), and the second during the first lockdown (April 2020) and then 6months (November 2020) and 1year later (April 2021; Study 2). Our study shows that the French participants have the feeling that time has passed slowly since the beginning of the first lockdown and that it has not resumed its normal course. This is explained by a persistent feeling of boredom characteristic of a depressive state that has taken hold in the population. The findings therefore suggest that the repeated contexts of confinement did not contribute to re-establishing a normal perception of time, to which a subjective acceleration of time would have testified.

Personality development from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal study of ego-control and ego-resiliency in Sweden

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan S. Chuang ◽  
Michael E. Lamb ◽  
C. Philip Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Children First ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ego Resiliency

We investigated the development of ego-control (EC) and ego-resiliency (ER) over a 13-year period in a cohort of Swedish children first assessed at 2 years of age. Children became more ego-controlled over time although individual differences in EC remained stable. Children’s levels of resiliency increased from 2 to 3 years of age and then declined when they were 7 and 8 years of age. Boys continued to become less resilient in adolescence whereas girls became more resilient. Individual differences in boys’ resiliency levels were more stable over the 13-year span than girls’. The inter-correlations between EC and ER were only significant for boys at 2 and 15 years of age. The external validity of EC and ER was demonstrated by significant associations with ratings of the children’s adaptation to school as well as with their measures of their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.

Adolescent Dating Violence Stability and Mutuality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2012-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liria Fernández-González ◽  
Esther Calvete ◽  
Izaskun Orue
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Reciprocal Associations ◽  
Over Time

This 4-year longitudinal study explored the stability of dating violence (DV) during adolescence and the reciprocal associations between perpetration and victimization over time. Participants were 991 high school students (52.4% females; mean age at baseline = 14.80 years) from Bizkaia (Spain), who completed a measure of DV perpetration and victimization at four measurement points spaced 1 year apart. Findings evidenced stability of teen perpetration and victimization of DV, which appears to increase in late adolescence. Moreover, longitudinal reciprocal influences were demonstrated, but in general, the cross-lagged paths from one’s partner’s aggression to one’s own perpetration and vice versa were lower than the autoregressive paths obtained from stability. The model showed an adequate fit for both females and males, although some paths were significantly higher for the females than for the males. Preventive interventions should consider these findings about stability and longitudinal reciprocal associations of DV during adolescence.

scholarly journals Coarsening behavior of bulk nanobubbles in water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Il Lee ◽  
Han Sol Huh ◽  
Joong Yull Park ◽  
Jung-Geun Han ◽  
Jong-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Coarsening Behavior ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn recent years, minuscule gas bubbles called bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) have drawn increasing attention due to their unique properties and broad applicability in various technological fields, such as biomedical engineering, water treatment, and nanomaterials. However, questions remain regarding the stability and behavior of BNBs. In the present work, BNBs were generated in water using a gas–liquid mixing method. NB analysis was performed using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method to investigate the coarsening behavior of BNBs in water over time. The diameters of the BNBs increased, and their cubic radii increased linearly (r3 ~ t) over time. While the concentration of BNBs decreased, the total volume of BNBs remained the same. The size distribution of the BNBs broadened, and the concentration of larger BNBs increased over time. These results indicate that relatively small BNBs disappeared due to dissolution and larger BNBs grew through mass transfer between BNBs instead of coalescence. In other words, BNBs underwent Ostwald ripening: gas molecules from smaller BNBs diffused through the continuous phase to be absorbed into larger BNBs.

scholarly journals Coarsening Behavior of Bulk Nanobubbles in Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Il Lee ◽  
Han Sol Huh ◽  
Joong Yull Park ◽  
Jung-Geun Han ◽  
Jong-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ◽  
Coarsening Behavior ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Oswald Ripening

Abstract In recent years, extremely small gas bubbles called bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) have drawn great attention due to their impressive effects and their wide applicability in a variety of technological fields, including biomedical engineering, water treatment, and nanomaterials. However, unsolved questions remain regarding the stability and behavior of BNBs. In the present work, BNBs were generated in water using a gas-liquid mixing method. To investigate the coarsening behavior of BNBs in water over time, particle analysis was performed using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) method. Over time, the BNB diameter continuously increased (from 88.50 nm to 201.00 nm), and its cubic radius increased linearly (r3 ~ t). While the concentration of BNBs decreased (from 3.47 ×108 particles/mL to 0.61 ×108 particles/mL), the total volume of BNBs remained the same. Moreover, the size distribution broadened over time, and the concentration of larger BNBs gradually increased over time. These results indicate that relatively small BNBs disappear and larger BNBs grow through mass transfer between BNBs instead of dissolution of the gas and coalescence. In other words, BNBs underwent Oswald ripening; that is, gas molecules detached from smaller BNBs, diffused into the continuous phase, and then were absorbed into larger BNBs.

Functions of Turkish evidentials in early child–caregiver interactions: a growth curve analysis of longitudinal data

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna A. UZUNDAG ◽  
Süleyman S. TAŞÇI ◽  
Aylin C. KÜNTAY ◽  
Ayhan AKSU-KOÇ
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Child Caregiver

AbstractIn languages with evidential marking, utterances consist of an informational content and a specification of the mode of access to that information. In this first longitudinal study investigating the acquisition of the Turkish evidential marker −mIş in naturalistic child–caregiver interactions, we examined six children between 8 and 36 months of age. We charted individual differences in child and caregiver speech over time by conducting growth curve analyses. Children followed a similar course of acquisition in terms of the proportion of the marker in overall speech. However, children exhibited differences with respect to the order of emergence of different evidential functions (e.g., inference, hearsay), where each child showed a unique pattern irrespective of the frequency in caregiver input. Nonfactual use of the marker was very frequent in child and caregiver speech, where high-SES caregivers mostly produced the marker during story-telling and pretend play, and low-SES caregivers for regulating the child's behavior.

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