scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic fungi associated with four medicinal plants from Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Ietidal E. Mohamed ◽  
◽  
Tawheeda A Abd Alati ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
African Green Monkey Kidney

In this study four medicinal plants, used in Sudan to cure different types of health problems, were selected for isolation of endophytic fungi, fungi reside within the plant host tissues without causing disease symptoms. A total of 20 distinct endophytic fungi species were isolated from surface- sterilized parts of the plants, Kigelia africana, Cymbopogon proximus, Balanites egyptiaca and Solenostemma argel. Nine of the isolated fungi were identified according to their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. The remaining strains which did not have spores or have sterile mycelium were given codes as unidentified species (UID). The ethyl acetate extracts of the pure isolated endophytic fungi were prepared from fungal material and culture media. Antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion well against different pathogenic microbes at 500 µg/ml concentration and MTT cytotoxicity bioassay using African green monkey kidney normal cell line (vero cell line) were performed for all extracts. The extracts were then screened for the presence of Taxol, a diterpene anticancer drug, using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activity against the most common pathogenic bacteria and fungi revealed significant activity with inhibition zone range between 14- 37 mm compare to antimicrobial controls 17- 26 mm at 40µg/ml. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that the IC50 values were quite diverse, ranging from 3.5 μg/ml to more than 1000 μg/ml, whereas that of the positive control podophyllotoxin, a wellknown cytotoxic lignan, was 2.72 μg/ml. Taxol was detected in reference to standard one from the extract of unidentified fungi No. 10 of Kigelia africana,. Future work will focus on the bioassay guidedfractionation of potent bioactive extracts to isolate the active compounds responsible for their activities. Improvement of culture techniques and the application of genetic engineering to increase taxol production will be carried out, followed by isolation of pure Taxol from the active crude extract.

scholarly journals Algae-meditated route to cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticle: differential expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 LncRNAs and cytotoxic effect in human breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Taherzadeh-Soureshjani ◽  
Mohammad Chehelgerdi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Normal Cell Line ◽  
Control Cell Line

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC), as the most widely recognized disease in women worldwide, represents about 30% of all cancers impacting women. This study was aimed to synthesize Cu2O nanoparticles from the cystoseira myrica algae (CM-Cu2O NPs) assess their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. We evaluated the expression levels of lncRNAs (MALAT1 and GAS5) and apoptosis genes (p53, p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3), their prognostic roles. Methods In this study, CM-Cu2O NPs synthesized by cystoseira myrica algae extraction used to evaluate its cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties on MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC cell lines compared to HDF control cell line. The CM-Cu2O NPs was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of CM-Cu2O NPs was assessed against pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PTCC 1112 bacteria as a standard gram-positive bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PTCC 1310 as a standard gram-negative bacterium. Expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 lncRNAs and apoptosis genes, i.e., p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3 genes, were calculated utilizing qRT-PCR. The changes in the expression levels were determined using the DDCT method. Results MALAT1 was upregulated in MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC (p < 0.01), while GAS5 was downregulated in SKBR3 and T-47D cell lines tested compared with HDF control cell line (p < 0.05) was found. The results revealed that, p27, bax and caspase3 were significantly upregulated in BC cell lines as compared with normal cell line. Bcl2 expression was also significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines compared with normal cell line, but bcl2 levels were downregulated in SKBR3 cell line. Conclusions Our results confirm the beneficial cytotoxic effects of green-synthesized CM-Cu2O NPs on BC cell lines. This nanoparticle decreased angiogenesis and induces apoptosis, so we conclude that CM-Cu2O NPs can be used as a supplemental drug in cancer treatments. Significantly, elevated circulating lncRNAs were demonstrated to be BC specific and could differentiate BC cell lines from the normal cell lines. It was demonstrated that lncRNAs used in this study and their expression profiles can be created as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Further studies utilizing patients would give recognizable identification of lncRNAs as key players in intercellular interactions.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three important medicinal plants of South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnaiah B. ◽  
Aniel Kumar O.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

India is found to be a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of herbal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world. Plants are the richest source of natural antimicrobial agents. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of hexane, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the leaves of three important medicinal plants viz., Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC, Bougainvillea spectabilis L. and Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, collected from in and around Visakhapatnam District. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against three Gram Positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 439, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737), Three Gram Negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688) and three Fungal strains (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Epidermophyton floccosum MTCC 613 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes MTCC 7687) using agar well diffusion assay. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of these plants leaves have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against some of the tested organisms. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used for drug development program.

scholarly journals Fungal endophytes of some medicinal plant growing in northwestern coast of Egypt: Isolation, identification and two-way clustering analysis of its antimicrobial activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Magdy El-Metwally ◽  
Atia Mohamed Eisa ◽  
Amal AI Mekawey ◽  
Samy F. Mahmoud ◽  
Yasser El Halmouch
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Northwestern Coast

Abstract One of hidden mine of antibiotics is endophytic fungi especially that inhibited medicinal plants. In this regard, leaves, stems, fruits and bulbs of some commonly medicinal plants growing in Northwestern coast of Egypt were subjected for isolation of endophytic fungi with screening study of its antimicrobial activity. Practically, more than one hundred (101) endophytic fungal species isolated from Scorpiurus muricatus, Mellilotus indicus, Lotus polyphyllos, Ononis vaginalis, Nicotiana glauca, Lycium europaeum, Asphodelus aestivus, Echium angustifolium,Fagonia cretica, Pancratium maritimum,and Carduus getulus were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against E. coli, Pseudomonas argenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Candida albicanus, Candida glabrata, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus. The values of applied diversity indices revealed significant differences in presence, absence and abundance among endophytic fungal isolates. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report of Alternaria pluriseptata as endophytic species with most dominant and most active in its anitimicrobial activity among the isolated species. Seven distinctive groups were revealed from the two-way cluster analysis showing the intensity of antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens: Twenty-five percent of the isolates (26 strains assembled together in group V) exhibited no antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens while six percent (6 isolates) assembled in group VII revealed high antimicrobial activity against five pathogens.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungi from Vitex payos: identification and bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Panganayi Sibanda ◽  
Musa Mabandla ◽  
Tawanda Chisango ◽  
Agness Farai Nhidza ◽  
Takafira Mduluza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have an important role to play in the search for new bioactive natural compounds. However, despite their potential as repositories of bioactive compounds, the endophytes of African medicinal plants are largely underexplored. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi associated with <em>Vitex payos</em> and evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The surface sterilization technique was used to isolate the endophytic fungi that were identified by rDNA sequencing of the ITS region. Crude methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method and evaluated for antioxidant activity using a commercial total antioxidant capacity assay kit. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and functional groups present in the extracts were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Seven endophytic fungi isolates identified as <em>Glomerella acutata</em>, <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em>, <em>Diaporthe species</em>, <em>Penicillium chloroleucon</em>, <em>Diaporthe endophytica</em>, <em>Mucor circinelloides</em>, and <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em> were isolated from the tissues of <em>Vitex payos</em>. None of the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity and the crude ethyl acetate extract obtained from <em>E. nigrum</em> demonstrated both the highest total phenolic content (2.97 ±0.13 mg GAE g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) and total antioxidant capacity (231.23 ±2.03 μM CRE). Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis of the crude extracts from <em>E. nigrum</em> confirmed the presence of molecules carrying bonded hydroxyl functional group characteristic of phenolic compounds. These preliminary results indicate that most of the isolated fungal endophytes from <em>V. payos</em> belong to the phylum Ascomycota and that the isolated <em>E. nigrum</em> strain has potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Five Yemeni Medicinal Plants against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707
Author(s):  
Nagi Al-Haj ◽  
Alariqi Reem ◽  
Hassan Al-Shamahy ◽  
Khaled Al-Moyed ◽  
Saleh S. Bahaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of selected pyrazoles and naphthyrides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Talent Raymond Makhanya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Indium Chloride ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Tof Ms

The world continue to be threaten by various diseases from viruses, fungi and bacteria that cannot be cured. This arises due to the emergency of multidrug resistance in microorganisms hence current available drugs are becoming less potent. The solution to overcome this predicament is to further synthesize novel heterocyclic compounds which can display good therapeutic properties. Hence, this study focuses on the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of selected novel naphthyridinones, naphthyridines and pyrazoles. A total of 53 novel compounds were prepared by using multi-component reactions (MCRs), Povarov’s [4+2] and Povarov’s [3+2] reactions. The MCR was used for a solvent free synthesis of eight novel [1, 8] naphthyridinones from a mixture of 2-aminopicoline, various benzaldehyde derivatives and dimedone. A conventional heating protocol was used whilst the reaction was catalysed by phosphotungstic acid. The compounds were identified as 4, 8, 8-trimethyl-5- phenyl-5, 5a, 8, 9-tetrahydrobenzo[b] [1, 8] naphthyridin-6(7H)-ones with the aid of spectroscopic techniques, viz., FT-IR, NMR, EI- MS and elemental analysis. These eight compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability assays showed these compounds have a biological effect at various concentrations. Two compounds showed that good potential as an anti-proliferative agent and exhibited a dose- dependent decline in cell viability which was seen. The Povarov’s [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was used to synthesize nine novel fused indolo [1, 8] naphthyridines. Indole was used as the dienophile whilst N-aryl aldimines were selected as the diene which were produced by reacting 2-amino-4-picoline and benzaldehyde. The reaction was catalysed by indium chloride to produce 1-methyl-6-phenyl-6,6a,7,11b-tetrahydro-5H-indolo[3,2-c][1,8]naphthyridine which was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, TOF-MS and elemental analysis. Furthermore, all synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The results of the bioassay demonstrated that some fused indolo [1, 8] naphthyridines exhibited good inhibitory effect with an MIC value ranging from 0.04687 to 0.09375 µM against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The toxicity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated through mutagenicity test against Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA100 strains. All compounds showed no mutagenic effects against Salmonella tyhphimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains. The Povarov’s [3+2] cycloaddition was used to synthesize twenty six novel fused indolo pyrazole in the presence of a catalytic amount of indium chloride. The compounds were identified as 3- phenyl-2, 3-dihydropyrazolo [3, 4-b] indole-1(4H)-carbothioamides with the aid of spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and TOF-MS. All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against various strains of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These compounds showed good activity against Candida albicans, Candida utilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with MIC of 1.5; 1.1 and 0.375 µM respectively. In addition, all the compounds showed no mutagenic activity against Salmonella tyhphimurium TA 98 and TA100 strains. The scope of the Povarov’s [3+2] reaction was further investigated using isoniazid to synthesise ten novel nicotinyl fused indolo pyrazoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of indium chloride. These compounds were identified as (3-phenyl-2,3- dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]indol-1(4H)-yl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanone with the aid of spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and TOF-MS. All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against various strains of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The synthesized compounds showed weak activity against Streptococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus coagullans with a zone inhibition diameter of 9 mm and MIC of 0.75 µM. Furthermore, all synthesized compounds were tested for their toxicity against Salmonella tyhphimurium TA 98 and TA100 strains: none showed mutagenic activity.

scholarly journals Steroids from Marine-Derived Fungi: Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Eburicol

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dos Santos Dias ◽  
Couzinet-Mossion ◽  
Ruiz ◽  
Lakhdar ◽  
Etahiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Mcf 7

The most common sterol in fungi is ergosterol, which has frequently been investigated in human pathogenic fungal strains. This sterol, and others isolated from fungal strains, has also demonstrated cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activities. Marine fungi can produce high amounts of bioactive compounds. So, a screening was performed to study sterol composition using GC/MS in 19 marine fungal strains and ergosterol was always the major one. One strain, Clonostachys rosea MMS1090, was selected due to its high amount of eburicol and a one strain many compounds approach was performed on seven culture media to optimize its production. After purification and structural identification by NMR, eburicol was assessed against four cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, NSCLC-N6-L16 and A549, and seven human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovii, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella spp. The most significant activity was cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (2 µM). This is the first report of such an accumulation of eburicol in the marine fungal strain C. rosea confirming its potential in the production of bioactive lipids.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants with significant activity against important pathogenic bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Limsuwan ◽  
Sanan Subhadhirasakul ◽  
Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity
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