scholarly journals ANALISA POTENSI AKUIFER DI KECAMATAN RUMBAI PESISIR KOTA PEKANBARU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK ATURAN SCHLUMBERGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Miftakhudin Listianto ◽  
Riad Syech
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aquifer Potential

The analysis of aquifer potential has been done in the Rumbai Pesisir District of Pekanbaru City by using the Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method. Data was taken from four villages in Rumbai Pesisir Subdistrict, in Lembah Damai, Limbungan, Limbungan Baru and Meranti Pandak. The result obtained using progress software showed that each location has aquifer with different layer and thickness. The highest aquifer resistivity is located in Lembah Damai Village with a resistivity value of 549.50 Ωm in the third layer, while aquifer with the lowest resistivity value is located in Meranti Pandak Village with a resistivity value of 15.69 Ωm in the third layer. The highest thickness aquifer located in Meranti Pandak Village with a thickness of 48.47 m in the third layer, while the lowest thickness aquifer located in Limbungan Baru Village with a thickness of 11.51 m in the second layer. The Result from lithology of each path shows that flow pattern of water flowing from Lembah Damai Village to Limbungan Village, then Meranti Pandak Village and then Limbungan Baru Village. The results of the analysis of aquifers potential indicate that underground water reserves in the Rumbai Pesisir District of Pekanbaru City are 17.13 x 109 m³.

Hazards and Treatment Methods of Large-Scale Livestock Sewage Pollution in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1954-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Bo Bao ◽  
Deng Chao Jin ◽  
Hong Jun Teng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Treatment

Large-scale livestock pollution has become the third largest source of pollution following industrial pollution and domestic pollution. The possible dangers of livestock sewage pollution on rivers, lakes, underground water, soil, human health are pointed out. Pretreatment is necessary for processing of livestock sewage treatment. The principle, advantages and disadvantages, applicability of three modes of livestock sewage treatment including land spreading, natural treatment and industrialized treatment are summarized. It is very necessary to study and develop efficient, low-cost, resource utilization of livestock sewage treatment technology according to local conditions.

Study on Migration Law in Soil of Arsenic in Coal Gangue

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 983-989
Author(s):  
Zhi Bin Liu ◽  
Xin Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Migration Law

In order to investigate the possible pollution status in soils and underground water caused by arsenic in coal gangue, samples from Inner Mongolia mining area were collected and dynamic leaching experiments were conducted in laboratory to study the leaching level of arsenic and its migration in soils under different rainfall conditions. Results indicated that, concentration of arsenic in leachate is far below the third grade of National Environmental Quality Standards for groundwater; while concentrations of arsenic increased with the decreasing of pH of rainfalls. Concentrations of arsenic are in the descending trend with the increasing depths of soils after leaching; the changes of pH in leachate and soil are relevant to the initial pH value of leachate.

scholarly journals ANALISA INTERPRETASI POLA ALIRAN AIR BAWAH TANAH KELURAHAN LABUH BARU BARAT KECAMATAN PAYUNG SEKAKI PEKANBARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Krisman Krisman ◽  
Citra Siti Fatimah Julianti ◽  
Juandi M
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Electrode Configuration ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Fourth Layer ◽  
Range Measurement ◽  
The Third

Underground water is one of the important component sources for human being. Study on interpretation of underground water flow has been carried out using Geoelectric Schlumberger Electrode Configuration in Labuh Baru Barat Village, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru. The range measurement was chosen to be 240 meter. The output of measurement  arecurrent and voltage. The data, then was inputed into software progress and surfer 11. The output of this computer program is a map of underground waterflow  pettern and underground lithology. The results of mapping of the pattern of underground water flow indicate that the direction of water flow from North to South direction, or from Pinang street to Payung Sekaki street. The thickness of the layer start  from the first layer that is 4.05 meters and 5.4 meters is a layer of silt- clay, the second layer is 13.07 meters and 14.3 meters is a layer of mud stone, the third layer is 13.07 meters and 15.2 meters is a layer of sand and alluvial and the fourth layer is 51.1 meters and 79.2 meters is layer of gravel sand.

The Garamantes of Fezzan - an Interim Report of Research, 1965-1973

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The Many

The Garamantes were the inhabitants of Southern Libya. Their capital Garama (‘clarissimum … caput Garamantum’) lies partly under the now deserted mud-brick Arab town of Germa in the Wadi el Agial some hundred miles west of Sebha. The oldest pottery so far recovered from the site dates to the late fifth and fourth centuries B.C., but earlier occupation, stretching back to the ninth century B.C., has been found on the nearby fortified spur-site of Zinchecra. The surrounding escarpment slopes, which form the southern side of the wadi, are dotted with literally thousands of graves, which vary from simple crouch-burials in shallow cists, sometimes covered by a stone cairn, to elaborate stepped ‘chouchet’-type monuments of stone or mud brick, square or circular in shape, mud-brick pyramids 10–15 feet high and even ashlar-built mausolea of which the so-called ‘Germa mausoleum’ is the most complete surviving example. The sedentary agricultural practice of the people is attested by the many hundreds of foggaras (underground water channels with down-shafts, akin to the Qanats of Persia) which tap the aqueous strata against the escarpment side and carry their water into the wadi centre. The foggaras and burials, taken together, show that approximately eighty miles in length of the Wadi el Agial were intensely cultivated and inhabited, and recent work has shown that sites similar to Zinchecra and Garama existed at various points along this eighty-mile length, the Garamanticae Fauces, or Valley of the Garamantes.Work in the Wadi Bergiug, Murzuch-Zuila area of oases to the south has shown that similar remains exist there, while it can reasonably be argued that the third great band of oases, the Wadi Chatti on the north of the el Agial, almost certainly contained similar occupation.

Compressible flows in the wakes of a square cylinder and thick symmetrical airfoil arranged in tandem

1987 ◽  
Vol 411 (1841) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Compressible Flows ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Shear Layers ◽  
Side Length ◽  
Square Cylinder ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Critical Spacing ◽  
The Third

Compressible flows in the wakes of a two-dimensional square cylinder (side length D = 20 mm) and thick symmetrical airfoil (NACA 0018, chord length 20 mm) arranged in tandem have been examined experi­mentally, at free-stream Mach numbers between 0.15 and 0.91, at free-stream Reynolds numbers (based on the side length) between 7.0 x 10 4 and 4.2 x 10 5 , and with spacing (or central distance) L between the cylinder and airfoil ranging from 22.5 to 110 mm. When the Mach number is smaller than about 0.63, the flow can be divided into three patterns depending upon the spacing. In the first flow pattern, with small spacing, the airfoil is enclosed completely within the vortex formation region of the square cylinder. In the second flow pattern, the separating shear layers from the square cylinder reattach to the airfoil. In the third flow pattern, with large spacing, the separating shear layers roll up upstream of the airfoil. The Strouhal number becomes a minimum at the critical spacing of about 3.3 D and then experiences a sudden jump, practically at the value found for the single square cylinder, which corresponds to the transition from the second flow pattern to the third flow pattern. Once the Mach number becomes larger than about 0.63, the critical spacing disappears. However, although no local flow regions are supersonic, acoustic waves propagating upstream have been observed most clearly when the vortex shed from the square cylinder is incident on the leading edge of the airfoil. Whereas once the local flow regions become supersonic, i. e. the Mach number is larger than about 0.7, the downstream airfoil provides a streamlining effect on the flow behind the square cylinder, and thus lets the alternating vortices form downstream of the trailing edge of the airfoil. The alternating vortices are shed through the gap between the two shock waves formed on the upper and lower separating shear layers. The pressure amplitude in the test section decreases suddenly and various frequency components other than the vortex shedding frequency appear.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

Monte Carlo Algorithms for Moments of Transition Arrays

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
A. Goldberg ◽  
S.D. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
State Vector ◽  
Basis Vector ◽  
Collective State ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithms ◽  
Third Moment ◽  
Very High

AbstractClosed expressions for the first, second, and (in some cases) the third moment of atomic transition arrays now exist. Recently a method has been developed for getting to very high moments (up to the 12th and beyond) in cases where a “collective” state-vector (i.e. a state-vector containing the entire electric dipole strength) can be created from each eigenstate in the parent configuration. Both of these approaches give exact results. Herein we describe astatistical(or Monte Carlo) approach which requires onlyonerepresentative state-vector |RV> for the entire parent manifold to get estimates of transition moments of high order. The representation is achieved through the random amplitudes associated with each basis vector making up |RV>. This also gives rise to the dispersion characterizing the method, which has been applied to a system (in the M shell) with≈250,000 lines where we have calculated up to the 5th moment. It turns out that the dispersion in the moments decreases with the size of the manifold, making its application to very big systems statistically advantageous. A discussion of the method and these dispersion characteristics will be presented.

Probe size and 5th-order aberration

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Probe Size

A small electron probe has many applications in many fields and in the case of the STEM, the probe size essentially determines the ultimate resolution. However, there are many difficulties in obtaining a very small probe.Spherical aberration is one of them and all existing probe forming systems have non-zero spherical aberration. The ultimate probe radius is given byδ = 0.43Csl/4ƛ3/4where ƛ is the electron wave length and it is apparent that δ decreases only slowly with decreasing Cs. Scherzer pointed out that the third order aberration coefficient always has the same sign regardless of the field distribution, provided only that the fields have cylindrical symmetry, are independent of time and no space charge is present. To overcome this problem, he proposed a corrector consisting of octupoles and quadrupoles.

Morphology and development of flow-pattern defect with extended nonagitated Secco etching

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 868-869
Author(s):  
Y. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Etch Depth ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Etch Pit ◽  
Float Zone ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Multiple Step

The D defect, which causes the degradation of gate oxide integrities (GOI), can be revealed by Secco etching as flow pattern defect (FPD) in both float zone (FZ) and Czochralski (Cz) silicon crystal or as crystal originated particles (COP) by a multiple-step SC-1 cleaning process. By decreasing the crystal growth rate or high temperature annealing, the FPD density can be reduced, while the D defectsize increased. During the etching, the FPD surface density and etch pit size (FPD #1) increased withthe etch depth, while the wedge shaped contours do not change their positions and curvatures (FIG.l).In this paper, with atomic force microscopy (AFM), a simple model for FPD morphology by non-crystallographic preferential etching, such as Secco etching, was established.One sample wafer (FPD #2) was Secco etched with surface removed by 4 μm (FIG.2). The cross section view shows the FPD has a circular saucer pit and the wedge contours are actually the side surfaces of a terrace structure with very small slopes. Note that the scale in z direction is purposely enhanced in the AFM images. The pit dimensions are listed in TABLE 1.

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