scholarly journals Climate change and agriculture: A Nepalese case

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandip Rai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Developed Nations

Despite having slight disagreements on the magnitude, timing and spatial distribution of climate change, scientists agree that the recent climate change has been much faster than in the past. This has been partly to the natural phenomenon but mostly because of human activities. There is also an agreement that the poorer nations will suffer more as a consequence of the climate change than the developed nations. In this connection, the Nepalese agriculture does not seem to gain but rather lose during the process of global climate change. Even so, serious preparedness and actions can be taken that can hopefully impede the process of climate change and slowly but surely adapt to the rapidly changing climate. To achieve that, agriculture’s role as a driving force for climate change can be condensed by taking measures that reduce the rate and volume of Greenhouse Gas emissions from agriculture on the one hand, and developing diverse and resilient plant and animals breeds, on the other, that are capable of yielding as much as the current levels or even better under the foreseen changed climatic conditions. The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 92-95

Global Climate Change: Real or Myth?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The One

We, the teeming billions of people on earth, are changing the earth’s climate at an unprecedented rate because we are spewing out greenhouse gases and are heading to a disaster, say most climate scientists. Not so, say the skeptics. We are just experiencing normal variations in earth’s climate and we should all take a big breath, settle down, and worry about something else. Which is it? A national debate has raged for the last several decades about whether anthropogenic (man-made) sources of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other so-called “greenhouse gases“ (primarily methane and nitrous oxide) are causing the world to heat up. This phenomenon is usually called “global warming,” but it is more appropriate to call it “global climate change,” since it is not simply an increase in global temperatures but rather more complex changes to the overall climate. Al Gore is a prominent spokesman for the theory that humans are causing an increase in greenhouse gases leading to global climate change. His movie and book, An Inconvenient Truth, gave the message widespread awareness and resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize for him in 2008. However, the message also led to widespread criticism. On the one hand are a few scientists and a large segment of the general American public who believe that there is no connection between increased CO2 in the atmosphere and global climate change, or if there is, it is too expensive to do anything about it, anyway. On the other hand is an overwhelming consensus of climate scientists who have produced enormous numbers of research papers demonstrating that increased CO2 is changing the earth’s climate. The scientific consensus is expressed most clearly in the Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 by the United Nations–sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the fourth in a series of reports since 1990. The IPCC began as a group of scientists meeting in Geneva in November 1988 to discuss global climate issues under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol scavenging to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Hou ◽  
Shiliang Wu ◽  
Jessica L. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Abstract. Wet deposition driven by precipitation is an important sink for atmospheric aerosols and soluble gases. We investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change. Our study, based on the GEOS-Chem model simulation, shows that the removal efficiency and hence the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols have significantly higher sensitivities to precipitation frequencies than to precipitation intensities, indicating that the same amount of precipitation may lead to different removal efficiencies of atmospheric aerosols. Combining the long-term trends of precipitation patterns for various regions with the sensitivities of atmospheric aerosols lifetimes to various precipitation characteristics allows us to examine the potential impacts of precipitation changes on atmospheric aerosols. Analyses based on an observational dataset show that precipitation frequency in some regions have decreased in the past 14 years, which might increase the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes in those regions. Similar analyses based on multiple reanalysis meteorological datasets indicate that the precipitation changes over the past 30 years can lead to perturbations in the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes by 10 % or higher at the regional scale.

scholarly journals MÁS ALLÁ DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO: IMPLICACIONES DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN MARINA POR AGROQUÍMICOS SOBRE LAS INTERACCIONES SIMBIÓTICAS Y EL ÉXITO ECOLÓGICO DE LOS CORALES

e-CUCBA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
HECTOR OCAMPO-ALVAREZ ◽  
FABIAN ALEJANDRO RODRÍGUEZ-ZARAGOZA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
The One

Coral reefs are highly productive marine ecosystems that harborahigh biodiversity. The forming organisms of these reefs are the scleractinian corals, which form symbiotic interactions with multiple microorganisms. One of the best known symbiotic interactions in these systems is the one established with the microalgae Symbiodinium. The microalgae produce through photosynthesis up to 90% of the energy required by the coral. On the other hand, Symbiodiniumreceives from the coral an appropriate niche, that protects Symbiodiniumfrom the external environment, from the competition with other organisms and predation; it also provides abundant nutrients produced by other coral symbiontshighlighting the bacteria. As well as this, multiple symbiotic interactions confer metabolic capabilities to corals, which have enabled their capacity to adapt to climate changes for millions of years. However, in recent decades coral reef ecosystems are being extensively decimated. Given the new characteristics of an environment with significant changes sometimes somewhat erratic, probably the interactions that initially provided ecological advantages to corals are no longer sufficient to overcome environmental adversities or that as a result of the changes generated in the environment. The diversity of microorganisms capable of interactions that can be formed with the few remaining microorganisms do not confer to the coral, sufficient adaptative advantages to face the challenge of climate change. In this essay, we argue about the possibility that a decrease in the stock of microorganisms capable of interacting with corals, as a result of marine pollution, is a cause of the loss of biological aptitude of corals to survive in the current global climate change.

scholarly journals Bio-modulating wine acidity: The role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spoilage Yeasts ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeasts

In recent years, wine consumers have been looking for fruitier wines, with less ethanol, but presenting a good balance in terms of mouthfeel. However, due to the effects of global climate change, wines can be more alcoholic and flatter in terms of acidity. If in the past, non-Saccharomyces yeasts were often considered as spoilage yeasts, now they are used to modulate wine composition, namely in terms of aroma and acidity. In this article, the ability of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts to modulate wine acidity is reviewed.

scholarly journals Evidence of Climate Change Engagement Behaviour on a Facebook Fan-Based Page

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7038
Author(s):  
Kirtika Deo ◽  
Abhnil Amtesh Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Climate change has become one of the most debated topics in recent times. The social media platforms have given the general public the power and propensity to share and express concerns about climate change. However, climate change awareness created on social media depends on user engagement with the contents modulated by emotions. Much has been researched in this area using Twitter, but Facebook fan-based pages have not been extensively explored in the past. In this study, we investigate the engagement behaviour of users on a Facebook fan-based page titled “Global Climate Change Awareness” by analysing user insights data for two years starting from April 2018 to April 2020. Results show that the frequency of posts made to the page did not significantly promote engagement but improved visibility of the contents to the users. Overall, fan growth was attributed more to increased post visibility that enhanced post engagement. Hashtags associated with climate change had a significant reach amongst users, but those associated with disasters where the page expressed sadness and informed users about taking precautions had the highest engagement rate. Likewise, users from developing countries, especially from the small islands, were more engaged with climate change awareness. This study did not assess negative responses from users (possible deniers of climate change) and other Facebook fan-based pages due to data privacy and stringent Facebook policy.

The 38 years of the microclimate change dynamics across a cropland-windbreak-desert transition zone in the Ulan Buh Desert, northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Fengmin Luo ◽  
Zhiming Xin ◽  
Junran Li ◽  
Huijie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aeolian Erosion ◽  
Ulan Buh Desert

<p>The windbreak system is a major component of successful agricultural systems in arid deserts throughout the world. Ulan Buh Desert is one of the eight biggest deserts in China, and the oases there offer residence and cropland for over 90% of the local residents. However, due to climate change and human disturbances, the Ulan Buh Desert continues spreading to the south, bringing more pressure on the windbreak systems there. Meanwhile, the Chinese government put much effort into greening the desert, establishing artificial shrubs to prevent dune movement and soil loss. How microclimate in the cropland-windbreak-desert system responded to human activities and climate change has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the microclimate change dynamics across the cropland-windbreak-desert transition zone during the past 38 years. Two 50 m climatological towers, located in the same distance inner and outside a shelterbelt, have continuously monitored climatic factors, including air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, evaporation, layered wind speeds, etc., and aeolian erosion related factors, such as layered dustfall. The long-time fluctuations of the inside and outside climatic factors have been analyzed, and the global climate change data, local land-use history, as well as the record of afforestation activities implemented by government and local people, were also collected. The results revealed that both the inside and outside windbreak air temperatures and soil temperatures increased during the past 38 years, which agrees with the global warming phenomenon. The inner windbreak air temperature is consistently lower than the outer windbreak areas, and the temperature difference is biggest in summer and smallest in winter. However, the soil temperature difference between the outside and inner windbreak is unstable. In 1995, 2002, and 2004, the dune areas even had lower soil temperature than the inner cropland. The precipitation is 0.5~100.7mm higher in cropland and the evaporation is lower in cropland when comparing to outside dune areas, but their annual variations changed greatly. The wind speed and erosion rate are significantly lower in cropland than desert dune areas, and the seasonal change exhibited a bimodal curve pattern. The results suggest that the cropland-windbreak-desert transition zone responded to global climate change simultaneously. Although the shelterbelt still creates a favorable regional climatic condition for the cropland, the differences between the inner and outer windbreak areas narrowed during the past 10 years. The aeolian erosion rate reduced significantly in outside windbreak dune areas, which may largely attribute to the artificial Haloxylon ammodendron communities planted at the southeastern margin of the desert.</p>

scholarly journals Sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol scavenging to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 8173-8182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Hou ◽  
Shiliang Wu ◽  
Jessica L. McCarty ◽  
Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Abstract. Wet deposition driven by precipitation is an important sink for atmospheric aerosols and soluble gases. We investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to precipitation intensity and frequency in the context of global climate change. Our sensitivity model simulations, through some simplified perturbations to precipitation in the GEOS-Chem model, show that the removal efficiency and hence the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols have significantly higher sensitivities to precipitation frequencies than to precipitation intensities, indicating that the same amount of precipitation may lead to different removal efficiencies of atmospheric aerosols. Combining the long-term trends of precipitation patterns for various regions with the sensitivities of atmospheric aerosol lifetimes to various precipitation characteristics allows us to examine the potential impacts of precipitation changes on atmospheric aerosols. Analyses based on an observational dataset show that precipitation frequencies in some regions have decreased in the past 14 years, which might increase the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes in those regions. Similar analyses based on multiple reanalysis meteorological datasets indicate that the changes of precipitation intensity and frequency over the past 30 years can lead to perturbations in the atmospheric aerosol lifetimes by 10 % or higher at the regional scale.

Drivers of Distribution and its Changes in two Closely Related Species with Contrasting Elevational Distributions Over two Decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezie Šimáková ◽  
Zuzana Münzbergová
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weak Evidence

Abstract Climate change has an enormous impact on species and communities, especially those in the alpine and arctic environments. Even though the reactions of species to climate change have been widely studied, their responses are not straightforward, and it is necessary to focus on them in more detail. In this study, we assessed the distribution of two closely related grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum , an allotetraploid species of lower altitudes and A. alpinum , a diploid occurring in higher altitudes, in the Krkonoše Mts., the Czech Republic. We explored the drivers of their current distribution and its changes over the past two decades during the ongoing climate change. The results indicate that distribution of these two species has not considerably changed, as there is only a weak evidence of a wider distribution of A. odoratum compared to the past. Surprisingly, A. alpinum has newly appeared at some localities at lower altitudes. Changes in the distribution of the two species over time were significantly related to a range of local habitat characteristics such as vegetation or bryophyte cover, nutrient level, moisture, or species composition, but were largely independent of altitude, a variable expected to be a proxy of climatic conditions of the localities. This indicates that the environmental characteristics of the localities, play more important role in species distribution and its changes than global climate change.

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