scholarly journals A study on the age related anatomical variations of some of the cerebral cortical sulci of human brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Deepthi Anuraj ◽  
Anne George ◽  
Riya Abraham ◽  
Neenu George
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Sulcus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

Background: The sulcal patterns may be useful in studying the mechanisms of both neuro developmental and neuro degenerative changes that occur during brain maturation and ageing. Magnetic resonance imaging has facilitated the non-invasive study of human cerebral and cognitive development. Aims and Objective: To find out the age related anatomical variations of some of the cerebral cortical sulci and gyri of the brain. Materials and Methods: The study was done using the MRI images of brain of normal healthy adults aged between 20-70 years. A total of 200 images were analysed consisting of that from 119 male subjects and 81 female subjects from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College Kottayam. Results: Using statistical analysis it was found that as the age advances there was decrease in the depth, in case of central sulcus, pre-central sulcus and post-central sulcus. The width of the pre-central sulcus and post-central sulcus was found to increase with age. The changes in the width of the central sulcus were not significant. Conclusion: The observations of the undertaken study indicated that age changes do occur in the sulci ofthe brain and there was a sequential change in relation to the different periods of adult life. These changes are probably due to the volume loss of the brain due to the atrophy that occurs during aging.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Central Sulci: a Study of Monozygotic Twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bonan ◽  
A.M. Argenti ◽  
M. Duyme ◽  
D. Hasboun ◽  
A. Dorion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Central Sulcus ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe cerebral central sulci, seat of the sensorimotor cortex, vary anatomically in form, length and depth among individuals and present a left/right asymmetry. The purpose of this work was to measure central sulcus's lengths, at the surface and in-depth, in each hemisphere of monozygotic twins in order to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the morphometry and asymmetry of this structure. A measurement technique on MR images of the brains using 3 D software was developed. Two operators applied this technique to measure central sulcus lengths at the surface of the brain and in-depth in each hemisphere. Besides the fact that the technique developed gave high Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for the surface lengths (mean value 0.94), and slightly less high for the in-depth length (mean value 0.87), we found a weak (from 0.57 to 0.73 for raw data) but significant ICC between homologous sulci in pairs of twins. In addition, the ICC for asymmetry indices were not significant. Hence, if central sulcus morphometry is in part genetically influenced, these results show that nongenetic factors are nonetheless important in their development.

scholarly journals Neurodegeneration in Schizophrenia: Evidence fromIn VivoNeuroimaging Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Csernansky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Although schizophrenia is primarily considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder, there is a growing consensus that the disorder may also involve neurodegeneration. Recent research using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that some patients with schizophrenia show progressive losses of gray matter in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The cellular mechanisms responsible for such gray matter losses are unknown, but have been hypothesized to involve abnormal increases in apoptosis.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of the Natural Observation of an Emotionally Loaded Video

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanni Nanni ◽  
Joel Martínez-Soto ◽  
Leopoldo Gonzalez-Santos ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modeling Stress ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStudies based on a paradigm of free or natural viewing have revealed characteristics that allow us to know how the brain processes stimuli within a natural environment. This method has been little used to study brain function. With a connectivity approach, we examine the processing of emotions using an exploratory method to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This research describes our approach to modeling stress paradigms suitable for neuroimaging environments. We showed a short film (4.54 minutes) with high negative emotional valence and high arousal content to 24 healthy male subjects (36.42 years old; SD=12.14) during fMRI. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify networks based on spatial statistical independence. Through this analysis we identified the sensorimotor system and its influence on the dorsal attention and default-mode networks, which in turn have reciprocal activity and modulate networks described as emotional.

scholarly journals Non-invasive visualization of amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer amyloidosis mice using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence molecular tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuwei Ren ◽  
Ruiqing Ni ◽  
Markus Vaas ◽  
Jan Klohs ◽  
Jorge Ripoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Fluorescence Molecular Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain

One of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer′s disease is the abnormal cerebral accumulation of amyloid-beta. Non-invasive monitoring of amyloid-beta deposits enables monitoring of treatment effects and understanding of the disease mechanism in the brain of disease animal models. Previous fluorescence imaging of has been mainly based on 2D diffuse fluoresence imaging and two-photon imaging with small field-of-view. Here we utilized a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) pipeline assisted with curcumin derivative CRANAD-2 for detecting the amyloid-beta; accumulation in arcAb mouse model of Alzheimer amyloidosis in 3D. A homebuilt FMT system was used for data acquisition, and a customized software platform was employed to enable the integration of anatomical information from MRI for assisting the FMT image reconstruction. To validate the multi-modal FMT-MRI method, conventional fluorescence reflectance imaging was conducted in the same conditions. Concordance in the time course of fluoresence intensity after intravenous injection of CRANAD-2 in the brain was observed. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of visualizing amyloid-beta; deposition in 3D using a multi-modal MRI-FMT method. This multimodal imaging method can provide complementary information of anatomical and molecular information thus facilitating future mechanistic studies and monitoring of putative treatments targeting amyloid-beta; in disease animal models.

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM IN MEN AND WOMEN OF YOUNG AND OLD AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
А. А. Баландин ◽  
Л. М. Железнов ◽  
И. А. Баландина ◽  
В. А. Баландин
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Old People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Работа основана на результатах органометрического исследования мозолистого тела (каллозометрии) у 93 человек (49 мужчин и 44 женщин) с использованием МРТ. Был проведен сравнительный анализ длины, высоты, толщины валика и колена мозолистого тела, глубины его залегания (передней, верхней, задней). Выявлены закономерности возрастной изменчивости органометрических характеристик мозолистого тела, проявляющиеся в сокращении его линейных размеров у людей старческого возраста, в сравнении с представителями молодого возраста, и уменьшении глубины залегания. Результаты данного морфологического исследования могут послужить основой для выявления отдельных закономерностей возрастной анатомии головного мозга и имеют практическую значимость в качестве эквивалента анатомической нормы, что позволит использовать эти данные в диагностической и лечебной работе. The work is based on the results of an organometric study of the corpus callosum (callosometry) among 93 people (49 men and 44 women) using the method of magnetic resonance imaging. A comparative analysing of the length, height, thickness of the roller and the knee of the corpus callosum, the depth of its occurrence (front, top, back) was carried out. The regularities of age variability of organometric characteristics of the corpus callosum, manifested in a decrease in its linear dimensions among old people in comparison with young people and a decrease in the depth of its occurrence. The results of this morphological study can be as a basis for identifying individual patterns of age-related anatomy of the brain and have practical importance as indicators of the norm, which will use these data in diagnostic and therapeutic work.

scholarly journals Promise and Challenge: The Lens Model as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Boai Zhang ◽  
Yanjie Jia ◽  
Zhaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Deposits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia pathologically characterized by cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. There is evidence that Aβaggregation starts to occur years before symptoms arise. Noninvasive monitoring of Aβplaques is critical for both the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Presently, there is a major effort on looking for a reasonably priced technology capable of diagnosing AD by detecting the presence of Aβ. Studies suggest that AD is systemic rather than brain-limited focus diseases and the aggregation of the disease-causing proteins also takes place in lens except the brain. There is a possible relationship between AD and a specific subtype of age-related cataract (supranuclear cataract). If similar abnormal protein deposits are present in the lens, it would facilitate non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there are controversies on the issues related to performance and validation of Aβdeposition in lens as biomarkers for early detection of AD. Here we review the recent findings concerning Aβdeposition in the lenses of AD patients and evaluate if the ocular lens can provide a biomarker for AD.

scholarly journals EEG representing on brain surface using volume rendering

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Klementev ◽  
Vladimir Guzhov ◽  
Wolfram Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Template

Brain research is challenging. One of the standard research methods is electroencephalography (EEG). As a rule, this study is presented in the form of graphs. This article describes an approach in which this data is mapped onto a brain model generated from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This allows you to look at the EEG study from a different point of view. An MRI scan will also allow you to take into account some of the features of the brain. This is an advantage over mapping just to a brain template. This non-invasive system can be implemented to monitor the patient in real-time, for example, during space flight.

scholarly journals Model of growth and surgical treatment glioblastoma multiforme tumors localized in the motor zone of the brain-use of the direct electrocorticostimulation in the prevention of motor deficit

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Nikola Repac ◽  
Igor Nikolic ◽  
Miljan Mihajlovic ◽  
Igor Djoric ◽  
Aleksandar Janicijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Sulcus ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Gioblastoma multiforme localized in the motor area is the surgical challenge because of the need for more radical resection in order to extend the life of the patient, and the other due to the risk that radicalism could lead to additional-crippling neurological deficit. Method. We present a series of 26 patients with Glioblastoma multiforme localized in and around the motor area in front of the central sulcus who were hospitalized from October 2004 to February 2009. During all operations we conducted cortical electrostimulation on displayed area of the brain, to the anatomical location of M1 segment of the motor cortex. Results. Distance of the central sulcus in relation to the coronary suture, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 18.38 mm?9.564 mm. The volume of electricity required for a motor response was 9.26?1.286 mA(min. 7mA, max. 11mA), with increasing distance from the coronary suture the amperage required to explicit motor responses decreased (p<0.01). Conclusion: The method of direct cerebral cortex electrostimulation is simple and safe method and a binding protocol to the patient safe operation glioblastoma multiforme localized in the motor area of the brain.

Vertebral Artery Dissection Diagnosed by Non-Invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Cawood ◽  
A.G. Dyker ◽  
F.G. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery Dissection ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain

A forty-year-old man developed right-sided neck discomfort whilst cycling to work. On admission to hospital he was found to have signs of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral areas of cerebellar infarction. Doppler ultrasound of the vertebral arteries was abnormal and non-invasive gradient echo time of flight magnetic resonance angiography confirmed the clinical diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection. The patient was anticoagulated for a period of three months and made a full recovery.

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