scholarly journals Acute and chronic toxicity study of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydro-ethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovelyn Joseph ◽  
Rejeesh Edavan Puthallath ◽  
Sundarshanram Narayan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims and Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydroethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Valeriana wallichii rhizome was subjected to extraction with Soxhlet apparatus, using ethanol (90%) + water (10%) mixture and dried withrotavapor. Phytochemical fingerprinting of the extract was done with LC/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). Limit Test for acute oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg body weight was conducted according to OECD guideline no 425. Chronic 90 day oral toxicity study with three different dose groups (200, 600, 1800 mg/kg/body weight/day) with selected in life parameters (physical, behavioural) and post mortem parameters (haematological, biochemical, gross necropsy and histopathological) as per WHO guidelines for testing safety of herbs was conducted.Results: Acute toxicity: no signs of abnormality, morbidity or mortality were observed during 14 days of observation. Chronic toxicity: Significant differences between the treated and control groups were observed in the following parameters: Loss of Auditory startle, Aggressiveness (Control > treated), Nasal discharge, Dyspnoea. At necropsy, tracheitis was observed in 3 cases. Results from Photoactometer test indicates dose dependent increase in sedative property.Conclusion: From this work it could be concluded that Valerianawallcihii rhizome hydroethanolic extract didn’t exhibit mortality, morbidity or any other neurologic, hematologic or biochemical adverse effects apart from sedation which is extension of their known pharmacological activity, after single oral dose of 2000mg/ kg bw (14 days of observation) or after once daily 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg 1800mg/kg oral treatment for 90days in healthy adult Swiss albino mice.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 49-54

Oral Toxicity Studies, Histopathology and Anti-Diabetic activity of Polyherbal Extract in STZ induced diabetes in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Rashmi Saxena Pal ◽  
Deepa Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Saraca Asoca ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease and endocrine disorder and it's a growing health problem in various countries. The prevalence of diabetes rises worldwide including South Africa 5.4% in 2025 increases as expected. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the diabetes mellitus problem in adults 173 million in developing counties. In this research observation of glucose levels indicated the diabetic state in Wistar rats by resulting from Streptozotocin administration and using a Metformin as a standard dose. This study demonstrated the acute oral toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca leaves and Asparagus racemosus roots and showed the antidiabetic activity. Objective: To perform acute toxicity studies and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal ethanolic extract on the vital organ and isolated organ and record and noticed the visible changes on organs of each group of Wistar rats. Explore the hypoglycaemic action of the polyherbal extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into required groups for toxicity study first is acute oral toxicity 5,50, 300,2000 mg/kg body weight. Subacute oral toxicity studies were performed by administering a 250, 500, 1000mg/kg body weight. For demonstrating the antidiabetic activity the animals divided into 5 groups 1 normal control given saline group 2 standard dose Metformin compulsory dose groups 3 Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic 150mg/kg body weight body weight, groups 4 ethanolic extracts at a 100mg/kg groups 5 ethanolic extract 200mg/kg. On the last day of all the dosing period examined the Blood glucose levels and body weights of rat and histopathology studied were done by animal sacrifice and cut organs such as tissue pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney, placed on the slide and done a microscopic examination. Data selection has been complete by research papers from many databases such as NCBI, Web of science and Science direct and PubMed from year 1989 to 2020 by utilize research. skeywords such as “Antidiabetic”, “Saraca indica”, “Asparagus racemosus”, “ethanolic polyherbal extract”, “oral toxicity study”, “histopathology”, “Streptozotocin. Results : The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg was showed better effects against Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic 150mg/kg body weight body weight. All the extracts showed significantly (P <0.05) and it is safe and non-toxic nature by performed a toxicity study acute and subacute oral toxicity and the bodyweight are also improved, no inflammation and erosion are seen on any organs of Wistar rat by demonstrated a histopathology analysis. Conclusions: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus showed hypoglycaemic activity against STZ-induced diabetes in experimental Wistar rats in Wistar rats. The results are shown beneficial effects of these ethanolic extract it helps in improving the changes in lipid metabolism, and protect the organs of Wistar rat liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, lungs, heart against due to impairment of blood glucose and also in body weight. All organs were weighted and cut the tissue of organs and stained from eosin dye and changes observed by microscopy photos. no signs of inflammation and erosion.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of Helicanthus elastica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Sunil Kumar ◽  
R. Rajakrishnan ◽  
J. Thomas ◽  
G. Aadinaath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Whole Plant

<p class="Abstract">Search for medicinal plants to treat liver disorders is an important research topic on herbs. Acute toxicity study is a prerequisite for safety and dose fixation for further pharmacological actions. In the present study, aqueous and 95% ethanolic extract of whole plant of <em>Helicanthus elastica</em> were subjected to acute oral toxicity. The aqueous and ethanolic extract revealed no observable changes in the rats up to the dose level of 2,000 mg /kg body weight. The extracts were then screened for paracetamol-induced hepatic injury at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (1/10 and 1/5 LD<sub>50 </sub>based on toxicity study). The aqueous extract of whole plant of <em>H. elastica</em> was found to produce significant (p&lt;0.05) reversal of the paracetamol-induced changes in the measured biochemical and histopathological parameters at lower dose of 200 mg/kg which was found to be better than ethanol extract at the same dose level.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cO6HI1Kikxs">Acute toxicity study and others:</a> 5 min 38 sec</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Single dose oral toxicity study of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
O. Umamaheswar Rao ◽  
M. Chinna Eswaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Test Guideline ◽  
Oecd Test Guideline

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, Family: Casuarinaceae in female Wistar Rats. The acute toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 423. However, this plant safety evaluation data was not available so, selected the starting dose from 300 mg/kg body weight. The animals were orally administered a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and followed by 2000 mg/kg body weight in next step. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed after 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24h of administration of the extract and once daily for 14 days. There was no mortality in the tested animals and no abnormal clinical signs were observed related to test item. No abnormalities were detected in gross pathology observations in all the rats at both the dose levels. Based on observations of the present study, it can be concluded that the LD50 of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia is greater than 2000mg/kg body weight and can be classified as Category 5; however, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities. Keywords: Acute oral toxicity, ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, LD50, OECD Test Guideline, Wistar Rat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5932-5941
Author(s):  
Manohar Reddy ◽  
Raja Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Changes

The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and sub-chronic harmfulness investigations of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425 respectively. In acute oral toxicity study a solitary oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the individual chloroform and methanol extracts was given to rodents and watched them for two weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period no mortality were seen without any denotation of intense changes. Further, it was executed the sub-chronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria cuspidata extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at sub-chronic poisonousness levels. Toward the finish of the experimentation by gathering the serum tests of trial creatures and watched for any progressions in hematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries. All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata didn't raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Hence the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals Toxicity and bacterial anti-motility activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
René Dofini Magnini ◽  
Mathieu Nitiéma ◽  
Geoffroy G. Ouédraogo ◽  
Sylvain Ilboudo ◽  
Alimata Bancé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Abstract Background Acacia senegal is a plant traditionally used for its various properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, our team has demonstrated the ability of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves to increase the activity of phenicol antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicological effects of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the bacterial mobility of Gram-negative bacteria, in order to evaluate the level of safety use of this plant. Methods The cytotoxicity test was performed using the neutral red absorption method. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on NMRI mice and Wistar rats. The behaviour and adverse effects were recorded during the 14 days of the acute study. For the subacute test, biochemical parameters, food and water consumption, and morphological parameters were determined. The anti-motility activities were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Escherichia coli AG100, using specific concentrations of Agar as required by the method. Results HEASG induced inhibition of keratinocytes cell growth with an IC50 of 1302 ± 60 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study in mice, the single dose of extract of 2000 mg/kg body weight caused no deaths and no behavioural changes were observed; therefore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of HEASG was calculated to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In Wistar rats, no mortality was observed at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during the 28-day subacute oral toxicity study. The weights of both females and males increased globally over time, regardless of the batch. No statistically significant differences were registered for organ weights and biochemical parameters, except for chloride for biochemical parameters. Water and food consumption did not change significantly. Furthermore, no macroscopic changes in organ appearance were observed. Regarding anti-motility activity, the extract has reduced the swarming motility of PA01 and AG100 significantly at the concentration of 32 μg/mL (P < 0.001). The extract has reduced the swimming motility (P < 0.01) of PA01 but not AG100. Conclusions The results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of A. senegal leaves has significant activity against bacterial motility and relatively low toxicity.

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

Safety Assessment of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Caralluma fimbriata

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Y. Odendaal ◽  
Narendra S. Deshmukh ◽  
Tennille K. Marx ◽  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
John R. Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

This toxicological assessment evaluated the safety of a hydroethanolic extract prepared from Caralluma fimbriata (CFE), a dietary supplement marketed worldwide as an appetite suppressant. Studies included 2 in vitro genotoxicity assays, a repeated dose oral toxicity study, and a developmental study in rats. No evidence of in vitro mutagenicity or clastogenicity surfaced in the in vitro studies at concentrations up to 5000 μg of extract/plate (Ames test) or 5000 μg of extract/mL (chromosomal aberration test). No deaths or treatment-related toxicity were seen in the 6-month chronic oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats conducted at 3 doses (100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d). The no observed effect level for CFE in this study was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/d. A prenatal developmental toxicity study conducted at 3 doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw/d) in female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in no treatment-related external, visceral, or skeletal fetal abnormalities, and no treatment-related maternal or pregnancy alterations were seen at and up to the maximum dose tested. CFE was not associated with any toxicity or adverse events.

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Polyacrylamide

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Acrylamide Monomers ◽  
Reproductive Study

Polyacrylamide is a polymer of controllable molecular weight formed from the polymerization of acrylamide monomers. Average concentrations of the monomer were reported as less than 0.01% by several manufacturers. Polyacrylamide is used as a foam builder and stabilizer in shampoo products and as a vehicle in sunscreen preparations. An acute oral toxicity study of Polyacrylamide in rats reported that a single maximum oral dose of 4.0 g/kg body weight was tolerated. In a subchronic oral toxicity study in both rats and dogs, animals were given a maximum dose of 464 mg/kg body weight, with no signs of toxicity in any animals. Two separate studies in rats reported no absorption when the compound was administered by gavage. In a 2-year chronic oral toxicity study, rats fed between 500 and 10,000 ppm in their diet had no significant adverse effects. Similar results were obtained in dogs. A 2-year feeding study in rats fed up to 5.0% Polyacrylamide reported no significant adverse effects. Cutaneous tolerance tests performed to evaluate the irritation of Polyacrylamide indicated that the compound was relatively well tolerated. Undiluted Polyacrylamide applied to the conjunctival sac of the rabbit caused a very slight response. No compound-related lesions were noted in a three-generation reproductive study in which rats were fed either 500 or 2000 ppm Polyacrylamide. On the basis of data presented in this report, it is concluded that Polyacrylamide, with less than 0.01% acrylamide monomer content, is safe as a cosmetic ingredient as currently used.

Mesovarial Leiomyomas in Rats in a Chronic Toxicity Study of Soterenol Hydrochloride

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Nelson ◽  
W. A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

In an 18-month oral toxicity study of soterenol hydrochloride, a stimulant of the β-adrenergic receptors, mesovarial leiomyomas were observed in three of 30 low-dose, six of 30 middle-dose and 10 of 30 high-dose rats. There was also an increase in the prevalence of ovarian cysts and of focal hyperplasia of smooth muscle in the mesovaria in the treated rats, especially in the high-dose group.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACTINOSCIRPUS GROSSUS (L.F.) GOETGH. AND D.A. SIMPSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Savin Chanthala Ganapathi ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Shivaraja Shankara Ym ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Toxic Potential

Objective: To study the acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant was assessed for single dose acute toxicity by employing Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 425 using Acute Oral Toxicity(AOT) software. The dosed (up or down as per the requirement) rats were observed for 14 days for general appearance, behavior, mortality, and necropsy. A total of 5 healthy female rats of body weight 225±25 g were used.Results: The test substance did not produce any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg per oral.Conclusion: Test substance is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals and the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of A. grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document