scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5932-5941
Author(s):  
Manohar Reddy ◽  
Raja Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Changes

The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and sub-chronic harmfulness investigations of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425 respectively. In acute oral toxicity study a solitary oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the individual chloroform and methanol extracts was given to rodents and watched them for two weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period no mortality were seen without any denotation of intense changes. Further, it was executed the sub-chronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria cuspidata extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at sub-chronic poisonousness levels. Toward the finish of the experimentation by gathering the serum tests of trial creatures and watched for any progressions in hematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries. All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata didn't raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Hence the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA LINN. IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
MANOHAR REDDY ◽  
RAJA SUNDARARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute Changes

Objective: The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and subchronic toxicity studies of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia Linn. (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425, respectively. Methods: In acute oral toxicity, study a single oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of chloroform and methanol extracts was given individually to rats and watched them for 2 weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period, no mortality was seen without any signs of intense changes. Further, it was executed the subchronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria buxifolia extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at subchronic poisonousness levels. Towards the finish of the experimentation the serum tests of trail creatures were gathered and watched for any progressions in haematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries Results: All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria buxifolia did not raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Conclusion: Hence, the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sundararaju Dodda ◽  
Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri ◽  
Trimurtulu Golakoti ◽  
Krishanu Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Fruit Rind

The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (GM) and the Cinnamomum tamala leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. W. Lee ◽  
S. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic toxicity study of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydro-ethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovelyn Joseph ◽  
Rejeesh Edavan Puthallath ◽  
Sundarshanram Narayan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims and Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydroethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Valeriana wallichii rhizome was subjected to extraction with Soxhlet apparatus, using ethanol (90%) + water (10%) mixture and dried withrotavapor. Phytochemical fingerprinting of the extract was done with LC/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). Limit Test for acute oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg body weight was conducted according to OECD guideline no 425. Chronic 90 day oral toxicity study with three different dose groups (200, 600, 1800 mg/kg/body weight/day) with selected in life parameters (physical, behavioural) and post mortem parameters (haematological, biochemical, gross necropsy and histopathological) as per WHO guidelines for testing safety of herbs was conducted.Results: Acute toxicity: no signs of abnormality, morbidity or mortality were observed during 14 days of observation. Chronic toxicity: Significant differences between the treated and control groups were observed in the following parameters: Loss of Auditory startle, Aggressiveness (Control > treated), Nasal discharge, Dyspnoea. At necropsy, tracheitis was observed in 3 cases. Results from Photoactometer test indicates dose dependent increase in sedative property.Conclusion: From this work it could be concluded that Valerianawallcihii rhizome hydroethanolic extract didn’t exhibit mortality, morbidity or any other neurologic, hematologic or biochemical adverse effects apart from sedation which is extension of their known pharmacological activity, after single oral dose of 2000mg/ kg bw (14 days of observation) or after once daily 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg 1800mg/kg oral treatment for 90days in healthy adult Swiss albino mice.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 49-54

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile of Yagari

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Uzuazokaro Mark-Maria Agatemor ◽  
Okwesili Fred Chiligue Nwodo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Background and Objective: Data from researches have shown a rise in disease, ill health and death linked with the utilization of herbal products, thereby raising global awareness in the last few years. On that account, the safety and toxicity evaluations of herbal products and preparations was essential. This study evaluated the toxicological profile of Yagari – a herbal mixture. Materials and Methods: Acute oral toxicity (LD50) was carried out in Swiss mice according to Lorke’s method while sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out with 20 adult albino rats which were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group one served as control and received normal saline while Groups 2 to 4 received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg yagari respectively for 28 days. The body weights of the rats were monitored while on day 29, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples and organs were collected for biochemical/hematological analysis and histopathological examination respectively. Results: Results showed that Yagari is not noxious up to 5000 mg/kg following acute oral toxicity study. The sub-chronic toxicity test divulged that Yagari had no serious end results on the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters, although the body weight of the animals significantly increased. Conclusion: It was concluded that Yagari is not toxic, still further investigations on a large number of animals are essentially needed to denote safety and efficacy of the herbal formulation.

Über ein neues Insektizid mit breitem Wirkungsspektrum

1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Thiophosphoric Acid ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
Good Action ◽  
Acid Esters

Es wird die Verwendung von Thiophosphorsäure-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl-(6)]-diäthylester (Diazinon) als Insektizid im Pflanzen- und Vorratsschutz und in der Hygiene beschrieben. Die akute orale Toxizität, DL 50 in mm3/kg Körpergewicht, beträgt an der Maus 96, an der Ratte 235, am Meerschweinchen 320, am Kaninchen 130. Die chronische Toxizität liegt z. B. an der Ratte günstiger als jene von Dichlordiphenyl-trichloraethan. Diazinon zeigt, wie andere Phosphorsäureester, eine starke Hemmung der Cholinesterase. Auf Insekten und Spinnmilben hat es eine Kontakt-, Fraß- und Gaswirkung. Auf Pflanzen appliziert, weist es wohl eine Tiefen-, aber keine systemische Wirkung auf. Aus den verschiedenen Applikationsgebieten ist vor allem die gute Wirkung gegen Lepidopteren und Dipteren hervorzuheben. Letztere ermöglicht den Einsatz von Diazinon zur Bekämpfung der resistenten Fliegen.The use as an insecticide for the protection of plants and stores of thiophosphoric acid [2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl-(6)]-diethylester (Diazinon) is described. Its hygienic use is also described. The acute oral toxicity, DL 50 in mm3/kg body weight, is, for the mouse 96, for the rat 235, for the guinea pig 320, for the rabbit 130. The chronic toxicity is more favourable, for example in the rat, than that of Dichlordiphenyl-trichlorethane. Like other phosphoric acid esters, Diazinon greatly inhibits cholinesterase. It acts as a contact, stomach and gas poison on insects and red spiders. Applied to plants it certainly has a deep, but not a systemic action. Of all the various possibilities for application, its good action on Lepidoptera and Diptera is of particular importance. Diazinon can thus be used for the control of resistent flies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANS LEAVES EXTRACT IN MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
TRAN THI LINH GIANG ◽  
LE KIM THACH ◽  
LE NGUYEN TU LINH ◽  
VU QUANG DAO ◽  
TRINH THI BEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of ethanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves in Swiss mice. Methods: Acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD-423 guidelines. Sub-acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD-407 guidelines. The extract was dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and administered orally, while the control group received only the vehicle. Results: The acute oral toxicity test on mice showed that this extract was well tolerated up to LD50 5000 mg/kg body weight/day oral dosage level and non-toxic to mice under the present experimental conditions. The sub-acute toxicity study was carried out on mice with the oral dosage of the extract from 100 mg/kg–500 mg/kg body weight/day and 5000 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 d. The results showed that this extract did not induce death or adverse effects in activity, feed consumption or body weight gain. There were not significant changes in heamotological and biochemical parameters between control and experiment groups. Conclusion: Thus, Clinacanthus nutans leaf has a very low toxicity value.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
DP Pradeep ◽  
K Murugan ◽  
G S Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

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