scholarly journals Improving the livelihoods of the poor and marginalized in Nepal through leasehold forestry and livestock program: A review of institutional constraints and opportunities

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
BR Regmi ◽  
A Albano ◽  
C Kumar ◽  
GB Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Livestock Program ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Project Coordination ◽  
Forest Institutions

The study looks at the opportunities and constraints of the contributions made by forest institutions to improve the livelihoods of the poorest, through an analysis of the Leasehold Forestry (LF) programme in Nepal - a forestry programme that aims to help alleviate poverty of forest dependent communities by leasing degraded land to the poorest. Data and analysis were primarily based from review of literature, consultations with key informants, field visits, and complemented by the authors' direct involvement in the implementation of LF programme. Although intended to improve the lives of the poorest, the LF programme could negatively affect the poorest when it excludes them or when it causes their displacement from the land that the poorest depend for their livelihoods. Such negative impacts of LF program can be attributed to its improper implementation and design. To improve its effectiveness and impact, awareness campaigns should be improved using diverse modes of communication, more line agencies should be involved in the implementation by transferring the implementation responsibility to a district-level project coordination committee, and some programme provisions should be changed in favour of the poor. Key words: Forest institutions, leasehold forestry, poverty alleviation, Nepal   doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i2.2168 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 2, 10-17

Livelihood Promotion: Can the Collectives of NRLM Really Do It?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522110008
Author(s):  
H. S. Shylendra
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
New Generation

As a new generation development programme, the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) has sought to promote collectives of the poor women as the corner-stone of its strategy for livelihood promotion. The livelihood enhancement is meant to be actualised through a multi-dimensional strategy of livelihood protection and promotion. The paper hypothesised that despite their avowed goal, the collectives of women are bound to face enormous challenges in the livelihood promotion in the absence of an integrated approach more so in the context of neoliberalism. The findings of the paper corroborate the hypothesis to a great extent. Contrary to the theoretical visualisation of institutionalists, collectives of poor have faced challenges in their self-reliant emergence. The intervention has emerged more as a minimalist microfinance with inherent limitations regarding poverty alleviation. The paper concludes that the collectives of NRLM have a long way to go before they can emerge as strong livelihood promoting agencies. Sustained support to build the capacities of the fledging collectives, a reversal of the top–down elements of their multi-tier structure and the strong need for greater role clarity for the collectives along with professional support are some of the policy suggestions.

In-cash Transfers: from Passive to Empowered Beneficiaries in the Global South

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Katarina Pitasse Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Public Policy Decisions

Over the last few years, there has been an increase in discussions advocating in-cash programmes as a way to alleviate poverty. Indeed, this represents a leap forward in comparison to in-kind programmes. However, little progress, at least in developing countries, has been achieved in answering the question of how the state should transfer the means of redressing deprivation to those who are living in poverty. This article addresses this issue by challenging anti-poverty programmes through a social-egalitarian framework. My main argument starts from the perspective that in-cash transfers are a necessary but not sufficient mechanism for poverty alleviation. I acknowledge that cash alone does not guarantee the poor an equally active role in influencing the public-policy decisions that affect their lives. I then suggest a participatory device to complement the cash-transfer proposal in order to give institutional opportunities to the poor to decide, together with practitioners, what should be done at the level of local public services.

scholarly journals Poverty alleviation research in rural China: Three decades and counting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Luo
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Poverty alleviation is a hallmark of post-revolution Chinese policymaking. Since 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has implemented successive waves of poverty alleviation policies whose effects have become the focus of an ever-increasing body of academic literature. This paper reviews this diverse but limited literature that evaluates the impact of the CPC’s poverty reduction programs through four major channels, namely fiscal investment programs, social safety nets, rural governance on the village-, county- and provincial level, and the relocation of rural populations from destitute regions. This paper aims to synthesize results and evaluate whether and how the abovementioned poverty alleviation programs have had distinct positive or negative impacts on regional development outcomes. Furthermore, I highlight contradictions in empirical findings to motivate the discussion about contextual importance when designing and implementing future poverty alleviation programs. Finally, I suggest that an exhaustive and critical appraisal of the empirical strategies used in this literature would further the development and application of more accurate and informative methodologies.

scholarly journals Urban Poverty and Vulnerability: Literature and Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Shilpa Deo*
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Elimination ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Measurement Of Poverty

The Government of India has been taking various steps towards identification of the poor (and vulnerable through the Socio Economic Caste Census) and measurement of poverty with the help of various Expert Groups right from the Task Force that was set up in 1962 to the Task Force on Poverty Elimination of the NITI Aayog. There have been many researchers as well who have been suggesting the ways in which the poor and vulnerable can be identified and poverty can be measured besides the suggestions given by the Expert Groups. However, it may be considered as a ‘national shame’ if we are unable to identify the needy even after 75 years of independence. Through the review of around 100 books, research papers and articles, an attempt has been to understand the strengths and shortcomings of suggested ways to identify the poor and vulnerable and suggest a comprehensive methodology to identify the needy. Unless we are able to identify the poor and vulnerable sections of society correctly, planning and implementing poverty alleviation programmes for “ending poverty in all its forms everywhere”1 would be a futile exercise!

scholarly journals Sakofa: Evaluating Zakat Microfinance Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Empowerment Program

Zakat microfinance (ZMF) is an alternative to the limitation of zakat institution and microfinance institution in empowerment program. To make sure the zakat microfinance is on the track and to boost its performance and its benefit, evaluation is needed. This study aims to do an operational evaluation of productive zakat program formed in the micro-economic empowerment program named Sakofa (Madrasah Ekonomi Dhuafa/ School for Economics of the Poor) of Dompet Dhuafa Yogyakarta. Primary data were gathered from Sakofa beneficiaries in Sleman, Bantul, and Gunung Kidul. The findings show that all monetary aspects are better after running the program. Using ADePT software, headcount index, poverty gap, poverty severity, Watts index, and the average time taken to exit poverty are lower after doing the program. Altruism and saving behavior are better after Sakofa Program is implemented. Unfortunately, mustahiq were lack of discipline and desire to be independent. The effectiveness of counseling material on religiosity is the lowest. In short, Sakofa Program has a good performance in improving their prosperity. Keywords: productive zakat, zakat microfinance, poverty alleviation, empowerment, poverty index

scholarly journals Pro-poor Institutions: Creating Exclusive Rights to the Poor Groups in Community Forest Management

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Bhattarai ◽  
Prakash Kumar Jha ◽  
Niraj Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
The Poor ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
Forest User

In spite of the widely accepted success of Community Forestry in reviving degraded land, it is still seen as being unable to provide tangible benefits to the poor. This paper illustrates that through continuous sharing, deliberation and negotiation among the poor and non?poor members of Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs), management of community forests can be made far more equitable than the usual scenario. Drawing from the experience on the processes and outcomes of Livelihoods and Forestry Programme (LFP), this paper brings empirical evidence of how facilitation support has enabled the poor to have more equitable access to community forests. Three key pro?poor institutional arrangements resulting from the facilitation process include: a) establishing special use rights arrangements within CFUGs for the poor, b) pro?poor silvicultural practices, and c) equitable forest product and benefit distribution mechanisms. The paper suggests some changes in policy and practice to institutionalise these outcomes. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2304 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.1-15

scholarly journals INTEREST FREE MICROFINANCE: A GATEWAY OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION FOR KERALA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4SE) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Fazal Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Poor

Microfinance is a powerful poverty alleviation tool. It implies provision of financial services to poor and low-income people whose low economic standing excludes them from formal financial systems. Access to services such as, credit, venture capital, savings, insurance, remittance is provided on a micro-scale enabling participation of those with severely limited financial means. The provision of financial services to the poor helps to increase household income and economic security, build assets and reduce vulnerability; creates demand for other goods and services; and stimulates local economies. A large number of studies on poverty however, indicate that exclusion of the poor from the financial system is a major factor contributing to their inability to participate in the development process. In a typical developing economy the formal financial system serves no more than twenty to thirty percent of the population. The vast majority of those who are excluded are poor.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir (PEMP) Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kecamatan Batudaa Pantai Kabupaten Gorontalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Harson Gasim
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Evaluative Study ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Maximum Contribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Existing Data

The potential of marine resources that is large enough owned by Gorontalo Regency in reality has not been able to give maximum contribution for improving coastal community welfare. The most dominant issue facing coastal areas is the problem of poverty. The purpose of this study is to find out how far the impact of this PEMP program on poverty alleviation in District Batudaa Pantai Gorontalo. The type of this study is an evaluative study. The type of evaluation study used is a descriptive evaluation of assessing and analyzing data by describing or describing existing data and analyzing the results. The results show that the KMP selection mechanism has not yet given room for participation in decision-making and empowerment of the poor; Disbursement mechanism and fund management less effective, not transparent; Strengthening of socio-economic organization of society not yet effective and process of assistance less than optimal Potensi sumber daya laut yang cukup besar yang dimiliki Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam kenyataannya belum mampu memberikan kontribusi secara maksimal bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Persoalan yang paling dominan yang dihadapi wilayah pesisir justru masalah kemiskinan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh dampak program PEMP ini terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kecamatan Batudaa Pantai Kabupaten Gorontalo.Adapun tipe penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi evaluatif. Jenis studi evaluasi yang digunakan adalah evaluasi deskriftif yaitu menilai dan menganalisa data dengan cara menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan data yang telah ada dan menganalisanya Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Mekanisme pemilihan KMP belumlah memberi ruang partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin; Mekanisme pencairan dan pengelolaan dana kurang efektif, tidak transparan; Penguatan organisasi sosial ekonomi masyarakat belum efektif serta proses pendampingan kurang optimal

The gendered production of infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Siemiatycki ◽  
Theresa Enright ◽  
Mariana Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Negative Impacts

Over the years, many studies have documented how the negative impacts of infrastructure investments are disproportionately borne by women, the poor and racial minorities. In this paper, we focus on the ways that unequal gender dynamics are a key feature of the production of infrastructure, a topic that has received far less attention. In particular, we show how masculinity is deeply embedded in the organizational structures, employment practices, symbolic narratives and systems of power that create the vast arrays of infrastructure globally. We discuss the implications of a masculinist network of infrastructure development, and point to directions for future research.

The Poor as Suppliers of Intellectual Property: A Social Network Approach to Sustainable Poverty Alleviation

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Shivarajan ◽  
Aravind Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Property A ◽  
The Poor

ABSTRACT:We extend the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) poverty-alleviation approach by recognizing the poor as valuable suppliers—specifically of intellectual property. Although the poor possess huge reserves of intellectual property, they are unable to participate in global knowledge networks owing to their illiteracy and poverty. This is a crippling form of social exclusion in today’s growing knowledge economy because it adversely affects their capabilities for advancement at several levels. Providing the poor access to global knowledge networks as rightful participants—as suppliers of intellectual property—leads to poverty alleviation as a result of their increased social inclusion, not only through economic benefits, but also through the poor’s improved well-being as a result of their increased self-esteem and dignity. Using concepts from social network theory, we develop a poverty-alleviation approach to harness and integrate the intellectual property of the poor into global knowledge networks through trust-based partnerships among the poor, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations.

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