scholarly journals Direction of Foreign Trade of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Sector

It is foreign trade that deals with the transaction of goods, including services, financial flows, and the movement of factors of production, like labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The objective of the 15th plan for Nepal is to reduce the trade deficit by increasing production, managing imports, and diversifying trade on a country-wise and a goods-wise basis for export promotion and to maintain foreign exchange stability, external sector stability, and a targeted foreign exchange reserve. The purpose of this research is to assess the direction of Nepalese foreign trade. The author has not found the updated research work of the type. This is a descriptive study that uses secondary data. The analysis relies on simple mathematical tools such as ratios and percentages. The data clearly expresses a huge trade deficit. The rapidly increasing trade imbalance indicates that foreign trade policy needs to be evaluated and improved. In 2019/20, foreign trade in Nepal was adversely affected as compared to previous study years. Nepal's major trade partner is India in terms of imports, exports, trade balance, and total trade. In 2019/20, India's share of total exports stood at 71.8 percent, which was 64.6 percent last year. In total imports, India's share remained at 61.4 percent, as compared to 64.7 percent last year. The findings help the government of Nepal, researchers, practitioners, and learners to know the existing direction of foreign trade of Nepal.

scholarly journals Exchange rate policy, growth, and foreign trade in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (190) ◽  
pp. 103-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Gligoric
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Policy

This paper analyzes a hot topic: the influence of an undervalued currency on macroeconomic variables - primarily on the economic growth and trade balance of a country, but also on employment, foreign exchange reserves, competition, and living standards. It also reviews and explains the consequences of yuan undervaluation, points out the need for its appreciation, and states the negative effects that stem from this measure. Special attention is given to the problematic bilateral relations between China and the USA and the reasons why Americans are worried about the exchange rate policy that China implements. Although yuan appreciation would decrease the American foreign trade deficit, it also raises the question of further financing of the American deficit. There are also other problems that the possible appreciation would cause for the American economy, due to the effect of J-curve, passthrough, larger costs of input imported from China, etc. Therefore, Chinese foreign exchange policy is an important subject, but it is not the solution to the problems of the global economy - which have deeper roots than that. However, there is no excuse for China implementing unfair exchange rate policies, or replacing such policies with controversial protectionist policies (as some authors have suggested).

scholarly journals Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Penipuan yang dilakukan Broker Forex Ilegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
I Made Aswin Ksamawantara ◽  
Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Guardian

The phenomenon of Foreign Exchange (Forex) that runs in the investment sector and can help the development of Indonesia. Currently forex is a trend that is endemic and attracts the attention of many parties, both investors and the public in general. Foreign exchange or forex is a type of trade or transaction that trades the currency of a country against the currencies of other countries involving the main money markets in the world for 24 hours continuously, so in this case a legal protection is needed. The purpose of this research is to analyze legal protection in Forex transactions and legal sanctions imposed by the government on illegal Forex broker activities. This research uses a normative method that with a statutory approach. Sources of data used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. After primary legal data and secondary legal data are collected, the data will then be processed and analyzed using systematic legal data processing methods. The results showed that the alleged fraudulent investment fraud case under the guise of forex trading involved illegal brokers from the Guardian Capital Group (GCG) Asia, which harmed consumers. In line with that, the government issued a legal rule, namely Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The Consumer Protection Law that has been set by the government is the legal basis that is accurate and full of optimism in protecting consumer rights.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL SEED FINANCING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND EXPORT EARNINGS FOR NIGERIA ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 228-245
Author(s):  
ZUBERU ◽  
ILIYA ◽  
YUSUF ◽  
SALIHU
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Government ◽  
Production Output

Since the discovery of oil, there has been a drastic decline in agricultural exports as percentage of total exports declined from about 43% to slightly over 7% between 1970 and 1974, as a result of the oil price shocks of 1973 – 1974 which resulted in large receipts of foreign exchange earnings by Nigeria and the neglect of agriculture. There have been series of declines in agricultural export since the mid-1970s at an average annual decline rate of 17 percent and by 1996, agricultural export accounted for only 2 percent of total exports, hence, making Nigeria net importer of basic food stuff. With this continual decline, the agricultural sector no longer earns enough foreign exchange through exports. Hence, this study investigates implications of agricultural seed financing on increased productivity output and export earnings in Nigeria. The choice of research design employed in this study is the archival and documentary research strategy, associated with the deductive approach, which involved secondary data collection. The population comprised 16 years data on total annual financial expenditure on agricultural seed improvement, agricultural productivity output and export earnings from 2000 to 2015 (16 years). Secondary data on cumulative annual expenditure on seed financing (SIF), Agricultural productivity (AP) indicator and export earnings (EE) were employed. The findings revealed that, findings revealed that Seed improvement financing has a significant impact on increased Agricultural production output and that there is a significant relationship between Agricultural production output and increased export earnings in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that, there is need for the government to increase funding for agricultural research and also access international grants, as this will help increase variety of high yield seeds and subsequently increase agricultural production output, which will increase agro related export earnings in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of Demographic Factors Affecting Intention to use Mobile Wallet

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 768-776
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

Purpose: Development of digitalisation in banking services brought changes in the minds of customers to adopt different e -channels of banking products and services. Adoption of mobile wallet may be influenced by the demographic variables of customers.The study aims to understand the influence of demographic variables on the factors of intention to use mobile wallets Methodology/ Approach Primary and Secondary data have been utilized for analysis. The sample size of 200 respondents are chosen on method of judgement sampling Novelty Mobile wallet is one of the robust methods of making payments through online which is tremendously increased gain importance in the digital era among millennials generation group. Limited research has been conducted in the area of mobile wallet adoption. The proposed research work adds new dimension to the existing research work that the role of demographic variables on the usage of mobile wallet Practical Implications The outcomes of the current study would help the government for formulating polices and taking strategic decisions. Further the research would add value addition to mobile wallet service providers to devise strategies that will foster the mobile wallets’ adoption by the end users. Findings It has been found that with respect to genders, the factor personal innovativeness makes significant difference on the intent to use mobile wallet and the other factors such as perceived enjoyment and subjective norms do not differ significantly. Age has a significant difference on the mobile wallet usage intention.

scholarly journals Foreign Trade Liberalisation and Economic Growth: The Case of the Republic of Srpska

ECONOMICS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Goran Popović ◽  
Ognjen Erić ◽  
Srđa Popović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper assesses the impact of trade liberalisation on the economic growth of the Republic of Srpska (RS). The aim of the research is to prove the hypothesis that trade liberalisation and export orientation positively impact on GDP growth. RS has characteristically small and open economies. The degree and character of the connections between the observed variables was determined by means of regression analysis. Regression analysis indicates that there is a positive connection between the total trade and GDP growth. Further, there is a marked positive correlation between export and GDP, that is, export growth contributes to GDP growth. Foreign trade deficit stands in a negative correlation with GDP. Lastly, regression analysis points to the connection between the Republic of Srpska economic growth and openness of its economy. However, uncontrolled opening and exposure to foreign competitiveness can also bring about problems which in certain circumstances lead to long-term macroeconomic instability.

Trade Deficit in Nepal: Relationship between Trade Deficit and Budget Deficits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Karel ◽  
Suman Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
India And China

Nepal has bitter experiences of trade deficit; it has become the tradition of the country. The trade deficit of Nepal has been widening since the decades. The statistical data shows that around 80 percent of imports are from India and China. The growth trend of foreign trade has been increasing in different years after year with a huge amount of trade deficit. As the size of foreign trade increased the trade deficit of Nepal has-been increasing as well. The government of Nepal has been announcing the deficit budget. This study focused to analyze the trends of trade deficit of Nepal and observing the relations of trade deficit and budget deficit. Simple statistical tools are applied to analyze the trend and growth of foreign trade of Nepal and correlation and simple linear regression model has been used to examine the linkages between trade deficit and budget deficit of Nepal. The study has found a strong positive relationship between trade deficit and budget deficit of Nepal. As result, there is a significant impact of budget deficit on trade deficit. The finding of the regression analysis indicates that budget deficit is a significant predictor of trade deficit.

IMPACT OF FOREIGN TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Esiaka Chuka ◽  
◽  
Uwaleke Uche ◽  
Nwala Nneka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of foreign trade on the economic growth of Nigeria for the period 1981–2018. Economists hold two contrasting opinions on the effect of foreign trade on a nation’s economy. While the positive-sum game school of thought holds the view that, when nations engage in foreign trade, there are bound to be mutual gains as each country’s utility is expanded, the negative-sum game school of thought holds the view that trade relations amongst nations of the world benefit one economy at the expense of the other. This study was embarked upon to ascertain which of these two conflicting opinions applies to Nigeria. Accordingly, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of foreign trade proxy by oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and foreign exchange rate on Nigeria’s economic growth proxy by gross domestic product growth rate. The study adopted the ex post facto research design and secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to evaluate the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in Nigeria. Findings suggest that oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and foreign exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommended that Nigeria’s oil revenue be heavily invested in non-oil revenue-earning productive sectors such as agriculture and mining to create the desired multiplier effect on the economy.

scholarly journals Causal Relationship between Fiscal Policy and Private Investment in Nigeria for the period 1986 -2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Origin Chukwu ◽  
Chidi-Okeke Chioma Nnenna ◽  
Chris-Ejiogu Uzoamaka Gloria ◽  
Awe Stanley Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government

This study investigated the causal relationship between fiscal policy and private investment in Nigeria (1986-2019) using secondary data from Statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria. The research work used the Granger Causality techniques to test the causal relationship between the independent variables (Tax revenue, Oil revenue, Total expenditure and Public debt) on the dependent variable (Private Investment) while VAR was used to test the short run relationship. The study found that fiscal policy instruments granger causes private investment in Nigeria within the period of the study. The study therefore advocates that Government should as necessity fully liberalized or privatized NNPC and the Power sector as these critical sectors will help the growth of the private sectors and reduce unemployment in the country. Nigerian Government ought to increase its spending on infrastructure, especially capital projects in the economy in order to bridge infrastructure gap in the country. Provision of tax incentives to private sectors by the Government should be encouraged, as this will help the growth of private investment in the country. Also, restructuring of the economy by manufacturing what we need should be encouraged by government because exporting commodity (raw material) means exporting jobs.

scholarly journals Role of Government to boost exports of Gems & Jewellery from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 6483-6488
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar Tantia, Dr. Vani Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The Government

India’s present foreign exchange earnings from Gems and jewellery sector is in the range of US$ 36 to 43 billion per annum during last five year from 2015 to 2020. Being huge potential of its growth, the government has set an annual target of USD 75 billion in jewellery exports by the year 2025. (Source – GJEPC India, Ministry of Commerce & Industry). In order to achieve this daunting goal, the government has declared Gems and Jewellery sectors a focus area for export promotion and  under taken various measures to boost its exports by way of liberalisation in export policy, extending financial support, technology up gradation and skill development .This research paper attempts to analyse the various strategies adopted by the government to achieve the set target. For this research, primary and secondary data have been collected and analysed. The findings of the study would be very useful for the growth of exports.

scholarly journals Pattern of Foreign Trade in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Sadan Kumar Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
India And China

Most of the countries in the world strengthen their economic and political power with the help of foreign trade and it is advantageous for both importing and exporting countries. The situation of foreign trade is not good in Nepal. Nepal has imported almost 15 times greater than its export amount in Fiscal Year 2018/19.The import amount of only petroleum products was 2.62 times greater than its total export amount. The major contributors of foreign trade were India and China which covered 64.70 percent and 13.70 percent market share respectively during FY 2018/19. The objectives of this study were to examine the situation of foreign trade in Nepal, to highlight its positive aspects and to analyze the problems along with some measures to resolve the problems. To examine the situation of foreign trade in Nepal secondary data have been collected from government publications and analyzed after presenting in tables. Likewise, a cross-section of 50 respondents from various cities have been interviewed to collect primary data. Nepal was always in trade deficit which was increasing every year. Remittance inflow from migrant labors was a major source of foreign exchange which covered the payment of imported goods. The problems of foreign trade were landlocked country, transit and transport problems, illegal import-export, low value addition exportable commodities, incompetent Nepalese products in terms of cost and quality, poor physical infrastructure, industrial dependency on imported raw and intermediate materials, procedural problems created by foreign countries in the import-export of products, administrative hurdles etc.

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