scholarly journals Construction of Identity in Globalized Milieu: A New Paradigm

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Manju Sharma
Keyword(s):  
External Pressure ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
The People ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Cultural Homogenization

In anthropological perspective, identity is taken from the two opposite angles; uniqueness and sameness. Uniqueness keeps the properties, which make a person distinct from the others. Sameness keeps the qualities that a person is associated with others, with groups or categories on the basis of some salient common features. This article analyzes how individual or group identity is created, reshaped and molded after physical mobility of the people, what plays roles in creating identity, what values for that, and how it can be institutionalized. The paper concludes that immigrants’ identity is constructed through the interaction among the rapidly increasing global inflows of knowledge; their own previous worldviews; the new social cultural patterns of host country; norms and values of other surrounding immigrants, and the perception of external pressure. In the process of cultural mixing, there is possibility of cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization. Similar worldviews make the people nearer to each other which broaden the circle of ‘us’ and hence can lead toward homogenization of culture. On the other hand, dissimilarities in worldviews increase the level of ‘them’ therefore leads towards heterogenization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6363 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 191-204 

Open Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Landemore
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
The People ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

To the ancient Greeks, democracy meant gathering in public and debating laws set by a randomly selected assembly of several hundred citizens. To the Icelandic Vikings, democracy meant meeting every summer in a field to discuss issues until consensus was reached. Our contemporary representative democracies are very different. Modern parliaments are gated and guarded, and it seems as if only certain people — with the right suit, accent, wealth, and connections — are welcome. Diagnosing what is wrong with representative government and aiming to recover some of the lost openness of ancient democracies, this book presents a new paradigm of democracy in which power is genuinely accessible to ordinary citizens. This book favors the ideal of “representing and being represented in turn” over direct-democracy approaches. Supporting a fresh nonelectoral understanding of democratic representation, the book recommends centering political institutions around the “open mini-public” — a large, jury-like body of randomly selected citizens gathered to define laws and policies for the polity, in connection with the larger public. It also defends five institutional principles as the foundations of an open democracy: participatory rights, deliberation, the majoritarian principle, democratic representation, and transparency. The book demonstrates that placing ordinary citizens, rather than elites, at the heart of democratic power is not only the true meaning of a government of, by, and for the people, but also feasible and, today more than ever, urgently needed.

scholarly journals THE ISLAMIC CULTURE OF “WETU TELU ISLAM” AFFECTING SOCIAL RELIGION IN LOMBOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Muliadi Muliadi ◽  
Didin Komarudin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of

This writing is motivated by a very abundant religious culture in Indonesia, including the phenomenon found in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which is famous for “Wetu Telu Islam”. It contains the religious system filled with ceremonies and rituals which are accompanied by special symbols that have certain meanings. The method used in this paper is historical descriptive, by systematically explaining the history of the people of Lombok, the cultural patterns of “Wetu Telu Islam”, including its historical figures, doctrine, development, and existence. Then the writer uses structural semiology in analyzing the meaning of symbol elements found in the religious rituals of “Wetu Telu Islam” in Lombok. “Wetu Telu Islam” according to the people of Lombok is a very perfect Islam as it is built from two solid dimensions, namely dzohir and ihsan. For that reason, “Wetu Telu Islam” for them is the teachings of Sufism which emphasize the spirit, and soul. It is the spirit of holistic Islamic teachings, namely: shari’a, thoriqot, haqiqot, and ma‘rifat. Everything is building up, mutually reinforcing, and inseparable.Tulisan ini bermuara dari budaya agama yang sangat berlimpah di Indonesia, termasuk fenomena yang ditemukan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat yang terkenal dengan “Islam Wetu Telu”. Sistem keagamaan yang terkandung di dalamnya sarat upacara dan ritual yang disertai simbol-simbol khusus bermakna tertentu. Metode yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah deskriptif historis, yaitu secara sistematis menjelaskan sejarah masyarakat Lombok, pola-pola budaya “Islam Wetu Telu”, termasuk tokoh sejarah, doktrin, perkembangan dan keberadaannya. Kemudian penulis menggunakan semiologi struktural dalam menganalisis makna elemen simbol yang ditemukan dalam ritual keagamaan “Islam Wetu Telu”di Lombok. “Islam Wetu Telu” menurut masyarakat Lombok adalah Islam yang sangat sempurna karena dibangun dari dua dimensi yang kuat, yaitu dzohir dan ihsan. Karena itu, “Islam Wetu Telu” bagi mereka adalah ajaran tasawuf yang menekankan hati dan jiwa. Ini adalah semangat ajaran Islam holistik, yaitu: syariah, thoriqot, haqiqot, dan ma’rifat. Semuanya membangun, saling menguatkan, dan tak terpisahkan.

scholarly journals The problem of the dialogue in “Shakespeare’s text” by Yuri Dombrovsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. Makarychev
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The People

The article is devoted to the study of the “Shakespearean text” by Yuri Dombrovsky from the standpoint of Bakhtin dialogism. Clarifies the concept of “Shakespearean text” refers to and analyzes “Shakespearean text” by Dombrovsky, including artistic works – a trilogy of novels about Shakespeare (“Dark Lady” “Second-highest quality bed”, “Royal Rescript”) and two chapters of the novel “Dark Lady” (“Queen” and “Count Essex”), originally entered into its composition, but later was published separately, as well as two scientific and critical articles – “‘RetlandBaconSouthamptonShakespeare’: about the myth, anti-myth and biographical hypothesis” and “To Italians about Shakespeare”. The study author states that “Shakespearean text” by Yuri Dombrovsky dominated themes of tyranny and government that does not want to hear the people, of censorship, depriving the artist’s freedom of expression and the role of the artist in an unfree society. Special attention is paid to the problem of interaction between Shakespeare and monologue-authoritarian society in the artistic world created by the writer. The author hypothesizes that in the trilogy of short stories about Shakespeare, Dombrovsky addressed such problems of the totalitarian regime as censorship, cruelty and despotism of power from a relatively “safe” distance – the age of Shakespeare. The author notes the presence of a special situation of double dialogue in “Shakespearean text” by Yuri Dombrovsky: the dialogue is conducted through the Shakespearean era with the contemporary writer’s reality, power and culture. The article proves the similarity of Dombrovsky as a biographical author with the Shakespeare he portrayed, and notes the presence of common features in both writers (sacralization of creativity, impulsive character, addiction to alcohol, epileptic seizures, etc.). The conducted research allows us to conclude that Dombrovsky, attempting a dialogue with the monologue-authoritarian power, finds a voice through art, like “his” Shakespeare. Dombrovsky connects the ways of solving the problem of the artist and power with art as the only way to build a dialogue in the conditions of totalitarianism – not so much with the authorities, who are not able to hear it, as with themselves.

Deciphering Pervasive Computing

2010 ◽  
pp. 1450-1464
Author(s):  
Grace Li
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Pervasive computing and communications is emerging rapidly as an exciting new paradigm and discipline to provide computing and communication services all the time and everywhere. Its systems are now invading every aspect of life to the point that they are disappearing inside all sorts of appliances or can be worn unobtrusively as part of clothing and jewelry. This emergence is a natural outcome of research and technological advances in wireless networks, embedded systems, mobile computing, distributed computing, and agent technologies. At the same time, this emergence brings challenging issues to the legal framework surrounding it. As well recognized, law is a discipline that has direct relevance to human behaviour and its adjoining environment. Thus, a study of law can be a study of the living environment and the people who are in it. This surely brings difficulties for us to study the law in a future scenario such as pervasive computing environment. Attempting to forecast the future of law, technology, and human behavior is a very risky proposition. Hence, it is impossible to fully discuss topics such as “legal aspects of pervasive computing”. This chapter aims to provide a general observation of various legal issues connecting with pervasive computing technologies. To avoid a skeleton introduction piece, the main part of this chapter concentrates on three particular issues: Jurisdiction and the choice of law issue, electronic fraud issue, and the privacy issue. These three are unsettled issues in the current computing environment and believed to become more complicated and controversial in the near future with a wider adoption of ubiquitous computing technology. In the end, this chapter suggests that, to serve the future computing environment better, the legal and regulatory framework should focus on the improvement of internal monitoring of risks and vulnerabilities greater information sharing about these risks and vulnerabilities. Moreover, the role of government should focus on education and training on the care and use of these technologies and better reporting of risks and responses. A fully embedded computing environment that is safe and sound to live in will need more collaboration between individuals, commercial organizations, and the government.

People-Oriented Web

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Jiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Themes

This article outlines the scope of the people-oriented Wisdom Web, which would enable users to gain and share practical wisdom and seamless knowledge. It highlights the motivation and benefits of such a paradigm, demonstrating how it could drive knowledge creation as well as scientific and social evolution and development. The new paradigm of Autonomy-Oriented Computing is discussed. Furthermore, it provides several representatives research themes as well as promising research directions in this grand undertaking, with illustrative case studies.

scholarly journals Ethnic Harmony in BP Koirala's Sumnima

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Bhanu Bhakta Sharma Khandal
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
The People ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
Better Than

Sumnima, a novel written by Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (BP Koirala in short), has raised voice for social integration through harmonious relationship among the ethnic groups. But it is read as the presentation of binary between Aryan and Kirat cultures, highlighting differences in belief systems, rites, rituals, and day to day lifestyle that create misunderstanding, conflict, and problems among the people of different cultural groups. The main objective of studying the novel, in this article, is to find how the novelist offers an opportunity to the readers to realize the ideas and benefits of harmony among the divergent ethnic communities living in Nepal or elsewhere through understanding differences and celebrating the diversity. Theoretical insights of ethnicity have been used to analyze the primary text. The article argues, taking the reference of the novel, that ethnic misunderstandings and conflicts can be solved by understanding cultural norms and values of others. The article also examines and analyzes how the relations without understanding cannot prosper even within the same ethnic group but love and understanding makes the life beautiful no matter which tribe or ethnicity the people belong to. The implicit intention of the novelist in the novel is that in a culturally diverse society, mutual understanding, compromise, and respect of difference make the society a ‘salad bowl’ that works better than trying to make it a ‘melting pot’.

ASEAN Paradigm Shift from a State to People-Oriented Organization: A Neo-Communitarian Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
MOHD AZIZUDDIN MOHD SANI ◽  
ABUBAKAR EBY HARA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis paper attempts to examine the paradigm shift in ASEAN from a state-based to a people-based organization. We argue that by adopting a people-based organization, ASEAN now enters an era of Neo-Communitarianism replacing the Old Communitarianism of the old generation of ASEAN. By using communitarian perspectives, we look at the continuities and changes in ASEAN with regard to how it deals with issues involving their members. Three important issues namely the debates on intervention principle; the adoption of the three pillars of the ASEAN Community; and the inclusion of human rights are seen as the signposts where ASEAN departs from their Old to a Neo-Communitarianism. Although there have been a lot of challenges to the realization of the people-based organization, we see that the dynamics of debates and the active participation of the community in the debates show good prospects for the new paradigm to realize. In this paper, we use debate on the formation of ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (ICHR), to show the involvements of people in setting the agendas for the future ASEAN.

VIRTUE ETHICS AND THE PUBLIC CALLING OF REFORMATIONAL THOUGHT

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Richard J. Mouw
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Time Magazine ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
John Howard Yoder ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stanley Hauerwas ◽  
The People ◽  
Duke University ◽  
John Howard

In 2001 the leading American newsweekly, Time magazine, ran a series featuring the people who (according to the magazine’s researchers) were considered to be the most influential in their fields of leadership. The religious thinker who was given the title “America’s Best Theologian” was Stanley Hauerwas, who teaches ethics at Duke University. There is an element of irony in the fact that one of the leading arbiters of cultural popularity would choose to honor Hauerwas in this manner. While Hauerwas is officially a Methodist, he identifies closely with the Anabaptist tradition of ethical thought, often citing the late Mennonite theological ethicist John Howard Yoder as the primary influence on the development of his ethical thought. The Anabaptists, as we all know, make much of the need to form communities of radical disciples of Jesus who stand over against the dominant cultural patterns, and Hauerwas, like his mentor Yoder, is not shy about calling for this over-against-ness.

Resurgence of the Traditional Justice System in Postcolonial Benin (Nigeria) Society

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itohan Mercy Idumwonyi ◽  
Solomon Ijeweimen Ikhidero
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
African Society ◽  
Common Features ◽  
African People ◽  
The People ◽  
Law And Justice

Abstract Rules and norms of behaviour are common features in human society. This is confirmed by human being’s desire for protection, fairness and mutual respect from fellow humans in their social groups. Recognized authorities whose sanctions are respected help to ensure fairness and mutual respect for each other. For the traditional Benin (African) society, the issue of law and justice is the joint concern of the deities, ancestors and the human members within the society. The aim of this paper, is to examine (i) the relevance of traditional justice system in postcolonial Benin (African) society; and (ii) the unwavering respect for traditional values which the Benin (African) people have maintained even in a postcolonial era; and argue that the continual preference for traditional methods of obtaining justice by the people of Benin (Africa) are not unconnected with the inherent limitations of the received English legal system within an African terrain. As insiders, we propose a harmonization of a ‘euro-afro-centric judicial system, for we believe that this would be beneficial and progressive for us as a people in quest for justice in a postcolonial Benin (African) society.

Strategies for building a professional reputation of Russian emigres and self-educated writers

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 512-520
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Kaminskaya ◽  
Oxana A. Tolstonozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The People ◽  
Professional Reputation ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Process

We analyze the ways of constructing a writer's reputation in exceptional cultural conditions related to displacement of entire generations of authors to the literary process periphery and their lack of a “right to creative work”. We compare the experience of two conditionally distinguished large and heterogeneous groups – writers from the people who tried to declare themselves at the beginning of the 20th century as an independent current, and representatives of the Russian literary emigration. In addition to a number of common features (falling into the “blind zone” of generally recognized literature, internal isolation, leading to the fact that the majority of readers belong to the same environment as writer, the lack of economic benefits from publishing works), self-educated writers and emigres resorted to similar strategies for building a reputation. We find that representatives of both groups formulated a noble mission uniting them, aimed at serving na-tional literature, turned to the experience and poetics of predecessor writers to construct their own literary tradition, legitimizing their special creative path, and tried to structure their sub-field by creating associations and circles , as well as critical reflection of the current literary process.

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