scholarly journals Enhancing Water Productivity for Agriculture and Adapting to Climate Change in Food Insecure Areas - Practical Experiences from Far and Mid West Nepal

2012 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Kaisa Seppänen ◽  
Chakra Bahadur Chand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Water Scarce

The Rural Village Water Resources Management Project Phase II (RVWRMP-II) works in some of the most remote, food insecure and water scarce areas of Nepal, where the impacts and effects of climate change are already visible. The farmers of the project region are dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Large parts of the project area (parts of Humla and Bajura Districts, for instance) depend on food aid.In Phase II, specific attention is being paid to climate change adaptation, efficient use of water for agriculture, and food security and nutrition.RVWRMP facilitates communities to design and implement Water Use Master Plans (WUMP). One of the objectives of a WUMP is to optimize the use of water for agriculture. Micro-irrigation, rain water harvesting, multi-use schemes, using drainage water from tap stands for home gardens and organic fertilizers are some of the ways to improve the food security in the communities. Water source protection, watershed conservation, soil protection and crop selection are key technical areas of interest to enable adaptation to the anticipated changes in climate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7205 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.54-58

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera: A Plant Critical for Food Security, Nutraceutical Values and Climate Change Adaptation in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwanath Prasad Yadav ◽  
Tirth Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Hindu Kush

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as miracle tree, has been suggested to be rich in its nutritional, pharmacological and immunological values in animals and humans globally. The tree is a promising option for farmers, especially in the rural areas in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region, for the sources of food and organic fertilizers and as the tools of climate change adaptation and mitigation. The purpose of the current review is to describe the nutraceutical and immunopharmacologic values of Moringa and its critical role in food security and climate change situation in the Himalayan countries including Nepal, India, Pakistan, China and others. Besides, the article presents few recommendations to upgrade the practical and theoretical approaches of conservation of this plant in these countries.

scholarly journals Implementing Sustainable Irrigation in Water-Scarce Regions under the Impact of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Nikolaou ◽  
Damianos Neocleous ◽  
Anastasis Christou ◽  
Evangelini Kitta ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
The Impact

The sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatening due to adverse climate change, given future projections that every one in four people on Earth might be suffering from extreme water scarcity by the year 2025. Pressurized irrigation systems and appropriate irrigation schedules can increase water productivity (i.e., product yield per unit volume of water consumed by the crop) and reduce the evaporative or system loss of water as opposed to traditional surface irrigation methods. However, in water-scarce countries, irrigation management frequently becomes a complex task. Deficit irrigation and the use of non-conventional water resources (e.g., wastewater, brackish groundwater) has been adopted in many cases as part of a climate change mitigation measures to tackle the water poverty issue. Protected cultivation systems such as greenhouses or screenhouses equipped with artificial intelligence systems present another sustainable option for improving water productivity and may help to alleviate water scarcity in these countries. This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature, which deals with sustainable irrigation for open-field and protected cultivation systems under the impact of climatic change in vulnerable areas, including the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Future Irrigation Water Requirements of the Main Crops Cultivated in the Niger River Basin

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Oumarou Abdoulaye ◽  
Haishen Lu ◽  
Yonghua Zhu ◽  
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Precise agricultural predictions of climate change effects on crop water productivity are essential to ensure food security and alleviate water scarcity. In this regard, the present study provides an overview of the future impacts of climate change on the irrigation of agricultural products such as rice, millet, maize, cassava, sorghum, and sugar cane. These crops are some of the most-consumed foodstuffs in countries of the Niger River basin. This study is realized throughout 2020 to 2080, and three Global Climate Models (GCMs) (CSIRO, MIROC5, and ECHAM. MPI-ESM-LR) have been used. The GCMs data have been provided by the IPCC5 database. The irrigation water requirement for each crop was calculated using Smith’s CROPWAT approach. The Penman–Monteith equation recommended by the FAO was used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration. The inter-annual results of the IWR, according to the set of models selected, illustrate that the largest quantities of water used for irrigation are generally observed between January and March, and the lowest quantities are the most often seen between July and September. The majority of models also illustrate a peak in the IWR between March and April. Sorghum and millet are the crops consuming the least amount of water for irrigation; followed by cassava, then rice and corn, and finally sugar cane. The most significant IWRs, which have been predicted, will be between 16.3 mm/day (MIROC5 model, RCP 4.5) and 45.9 mm/day (CSIRO model, RCP 4.5), particularly in Mali, Niger, Algeria, and rarely in Burkina-Faso (CSIRO model, RCP4.5 and 8.5). The lowest IWRs predicted by the models will be from 1.29 mm/day (MIROC5 model, RCP 4.5) to 33.4 mm/day (CSIRO model, RCP 4.5); they will be observed according to the models in Guinea, southern Mali, Ivory Coast, center and southern Nigeria, and Cameroon. However, models predict sugarcane to be the plant with the highest IWR, between 0.25 mm/day (Benin in 2020–2040) and 25.66 mm/day (Chad in 2060–2080). According to the models’ predictions, millet is the crop with the most IWR, between 0.20 mm/day (Benin from 2020 to 2060) and 19.37 mm/day (Chad in 2060–2080). With the results of this study, the countries belonging to the Niger River basin can put in place robust policies in the water resources and agriculture sectors, thus ensuring food security and high-quality production of staple crops, and avoiding water scarcity while facing the negative impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Enhancing Water Productivity in Agriculture at Fokshingkot Lift Irrigation System

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Dinesh Rajouria ◽  
Padma Prasad Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
High Head ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Scarce

Ranibas village of Foksingkot Village Development Committee (VDC), Palpa District, Nepal is a severe water scarce area. The nearest water source is spring water about 2.5 hours walk downhill (to and fro) to fetch a vessel of water and it is three hours for the farthest household of the area. A lift pumping system consisting of three stages, each of 100m lift and the fourth of 30m lift was (with total lifting of 330m), was constructed to deliver 1.94 liters per sec (l/sec) water for drinking purpose as well as for irrigation of five hectare of land. Despite failures of several lift pumping schemes for irrigation in Nepal, this high head lifting/pumping system has been successful. The 102 households are benefitted with easy availability of drinking water and also for irrigation with drip and sprinkler systems. The lift water supply system has helped in saving time of children and women for fetching water and also increased household income by farming supported by irrigation. The virtual labor saving value of one year surpasses the investment of the project.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7100 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 32-35

scholarly journals Deforestation, Climate Change and Food Security Nexus in Sub-Sahara Africa: Content Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dastan Bamwesigye ◽  
Petra Hlavackova ◽  
Samuel Antwi Darkwah ◽  
Nahanga Verter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Wide Range

Like the rest of the globe, Forests in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continue to play a vital role when it comes to food security from the perspective of forest function of climate regulation, water provision, and soil protection. Nevertheless, most of the recent deforestation practices in various countries indicate that the region could face severe food insecurity in the near future since there are already signs of shortage in food production. This study, therefore, examines deforestation, climate change, and food security nexus in SSA while exploring a wide range of examples of food insecurity in the region. Content analysis and a synthetic literature study were conducted using data from scientific data banks. The study links deforestation, climate change to food security while citing examples from various SSA countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Kenya to mention but a few. More so, the study investigates how deforestation contributes to climate change, and how such change directly affects agricultural output and hence food security. Lastly, the study discusses the various implication of deforestation in relation to food security.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

Food security under global climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Anatolii Yuzefovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate
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