scholarly journals Depression among diabetic patients visiting a diabetes center in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Prasad Pahari ◽  
Radhika Upadhyay ◽  
Chandra Kala Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Diabetes Center

Introduction: Depression is a major co-morbidity associated with diabetes. This study aims to assess the prevalence and determine factors associated with depression among diabetic patients visiting a diabetes center in Lalitpur, Nepal.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of diabetic patients visiting a diabetes center in Kathmandu, Nepal. 203 diabetic patients were recruited in a period of two months. A validated and reliable Beck Depression Inventory Scale was used to identify and classify depression. Diabetes status was self-reported. Prevalence of depression, socio-demographic and diabetes related characteristics were calculated using frequency and percentages. Association was analyzed using chi-squared test. Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify unadjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Then, multivariate logistic regression model was designed for those variables significant at bivariate level to calculate adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI.Results: The prevalence of depression among diabetic patients was 34% (Mild - 17.7%, Moderate - 13.8% and Severe - 2.5%). Diabetic patients with secondary or above educational level were less than half likely to be affected by depression compared to patients with no formal school education [AOR:0.42]. Similarly, diabetic patients on insulin therapy were twice likely to be affected by depression compared to patients on oral hypoglycemic agents [AOR: 2.08] and patients having other comorbidity along with diabetes were also twice likely to be affected by depression [AOR:2.18]. Patients with stressful life events in the past were twelve times more likely to have depression compared to patients with no such events in the past [AOR: 12.33].Conclusion: More than one third of the diabetic patients have some degree of depression. Factors such as no schooling, being on insulin therapy, having other comorbid conditions along with diabetes and stressful life events in the past among diabetic patients kept them at higher risk of depression. These factors should be focused in program for prevention and control of depression among diabetic patients in Nepal.

scholarly journals Abortion and psychological distress in Icelandic women

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vilhjalmsson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Previous research into the psychological consequences of abortion has presented misleading results, as some studies suggest negative consequences and others do not. The current study focuses on the relationship between having or not having an abortion and psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety and anger. Methods The study uses data from 792 female participants in a random national health survey of Icelandic adults, age 18-75. The survey was conducted in the Spring of 2015. Respondents were given the option of answering an anomymous study questionnaire via mail or online (response rate 58%). The questionnaire asked respondents about psychiatric and physical conditions requiring medical attention in the past 12 months, stressful life-events in the past 12 months, and ongoing life-strains. Female respondents were asked whether or not they had had an induced abortion in the past 12 months. Psychological distress during the past week was assessed with the depression, anxiety, and anger subscales of the SCL-90 checklist. Results Women who had had an abortion (2% of female respondents) reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and anger than other women. The differences were statistically significant when controlling for age, education, family income, previous psychiatric and physical conditions, and previous stressful life-events and life-strains. Conclusions The study indicates that women who have had an abortion are worse off psychologically than other women, and the difference is only partially accounted for by previous mental and physical health, or previous stressful circumstances. Health services for women considering abortion should be carefully considered, psychological distress assessed, and ways explored to ameliorate the distress they may experience following the abortion. Key messages Abortion is related to higher levels of anxiety, depression and anger in Icelandic women. Health services for women considering abortion should be carefully considered and psychological distress assessed.

scholarly journals Threats to Belonging—Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Symptoms in Aging Men—A Longitudinal Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Lindert ◽  
Lewina O. Lee ◽  
Marc G. Weisskopf ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Susanne Sehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Stressful life events, especially relationship events, are frequent in adult life. We investigated the impact of a variety of stressful life events on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility.Methods: We analyzed data from a large prospective cohort study of men (n = 1,437) in the Boston area (assessed in 1985, 1988, and 1991). Main outcomes were measures of depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms. We used the Elders Life Stress Inventory (ELSI) to measure stressful life events in the past 12 months and examine their association with symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility. First, we analyzed the association of stressful life events with symptom changes; second, we categorized stressful life events into finance/work, health, relationships, loss, living situations events; and third, we estimated the specific association between relationship events and depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms using multilevel models.Results: The most frequent stressful life events were health, relationship, and financial events. Depression, anxiety, and hostility symptoms were relatively stable among men who did not experience these life events. However, those who reported life events in the past 12 months had a greater increase in symptoms of depression (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) and of hostility (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.09) than those who did not. Additionally, we found a significant decrease in hostility (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.01) in those experiencing no life events.Conclusion: Relationship events were more important than any other type of events, and were significantly associated with increased depression and hostility in aging men. Although the effects were small, the results point to a need to understand better the impact of relationships on psychopathology in the aging population.

Major stressful life events and risk of developing lung cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1575-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hasan Raza Jafri ◽  
Faisal Ali ◽  
Arash Mollaeian ◽  
Syed Mojiz Hasan ◽  
Rahat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Life Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

1575 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality linked with smoking, though only 6-18% of heavy smokers die of lung cancer. We hypothesized that major stressful life events are a risk factor for developing lung cancer. Methods: In our matched case-control study, cases (CA) were lung cancer patients diagnosed within past 12 months. Controls (CO) were patients without a prior history of malignancy. CA and CO were matched for age, gender and smoking status. Smokers had at least 10 packs/years history of smoking. Data was collected using standardized research questionnaire on 11 major stressful life events using Holmes and Rahe stress scale. The primary endpoint was odds of having a major stressful life event. A sample of 360 patients (120 CA and 240 CO), was needed to achieve 80% power to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 2.00 using Chi-Square test with a P = 0.05 significance. The study was IRB approved at each institution. Results: Between May 2015 and December 2016, 324 patients were enrolled (23 were excluded due to prior cancer history or incomplete information). 301 (CA = 102; CO = 199) were included in the final analysis. The two groups were well matched in median age (CA = 64.4 years; CO = 63.9years), gender (CA-Male = 48%; CO-Male = 49.2%) and smoking status (ever smoker, CA = 86%; CO = 85%). There was no difference in lifetime stressful life event between CA and CO (95% vs 93.9% P = 0.68%). However, CA were significantly more likely to have had a major stressful life event within the past 5 years than controls (CA = 77.4% vs CO = 65.8%, P = 0.03, (OR = 1.78). Serious life-threatening illness of an immediate family member (P = 0.04) and retirement (P = 0.07) within the past 5 years were noticeably more common among CA. Holmes-Rahe stress score in the last 5 years was higher in men (86.3 vs 63.3, P = 0.07) and those > 65 years old (82.4 vs 57.2,P = 0.04) as compared with CO and in those with squamous histology than with adenocarcinoma (115.6 vs 63.4, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer (CA) were significantly more likely to have had a major stressful life event within the past 5 years than the matched controls (CO), especially in older men with squamous histology. Major stressful life events should be considered a risk factor for developing lung cancer.

scholarly journals Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de sustancias en mujeres víctimas de maltrato en contexto de pobreza.

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Esther Rivas Rivero ◽  
Enrique Bonilla ◽  
Jose Juan Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Excessive Substance ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias

El trabajo analiza la relación entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres víctimas de violencia de género de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada diseñada para este fin, que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las víctimas a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados muestran que quienes padecieron distintos episodios de violencia desde la infancia consumieron alcohol y drogas en exceso. Además, el mayor predictor para el consumo de alcohol y drogas se encuentra entre quienes padecieron abuso sexual antes de los 18 años. Por otra parte, los análisis Odds Ratio indican un aumento del riesgo para el consumo de sustancias cuando el abuso se produjo a edades tempranas. Pese a la relevancia para la salud de las víctimas, existen pocos dispositivos en Nicaragua con los que atender a las víctimas de violencia de género hacia procesos de recuperación, sobre todo para quienes han desarrollado estrategias de afrontamiento relacionados con el consumo excesivo de sustancias. The work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout their lives. The results show that those who suffered different episodes of violence since childhood consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. In addition, the greatest predictor for alcohol and drug use is among those who suffered sexual abuse before age 18. On the other hand, the Odds Ratio analyzes indicate an increased risk for the consumption of substances when the abuse occurred at an early age. Despite the relevance for the health of the victims, there are few devices in Nicaragua with which to assist victims of gender violence towards recovery processes, especially for those who have developed coping strategies related to excessive substance use.

The Effects of Depression, Health Status, and Stressful Life-Events on Self-Reported Memory Problems among Aged Blacks

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bazargan ◽  
Ann R. Barbre
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Elderly ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Poor Memory

A sample of 1,250 Black elderly individuals was examined to assess the prevalence and correlates of self-reported memory problems. More than 48.3 percent of the sample reported poor memory and forgetfulness as either a very (17.9%) or somewhat (30.4%) serious problem. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to detect the significant predictors of self-reported memory problems. According to our data, those Black elderly individuals who have hearing problems, who report a higher number of stressful life-events, who experience a higher level of depression, and who suffer from poorer health are more likely to complain of memory problems.

Psychosocial Predictors of Psychopathology in Epilepsy

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Hermann ◽  
Steven Whitman ◽  
Allen R. Wyler ◽  
Michael T. Anton ◽  
Roger Vanderzwagg
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Financial Stress ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychosocial Predictors ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
External Locus ◽  
The Past

The 30-item version of the GHQ was administered to 102 adults with epilepsy, and four sets of variables (neurological, psychosocial, medication, demographic) were used to predict psychiatric distress. Psychopathology was found to be associated with increased perceived stigma, elevated number of stressful life events during the past year, poor adjustment to epilepsy, financial stress, vocational problems, external locus of control, and an earlier onset of epilepsy. Multiple regression procedures reduced this list to three independent predictors of psychopathology: an increased number of stressful life events in the past year, poor adjustment to epilepsy, and financial stress.

scholarly journals Stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms among women with disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110661
Author(s):  
Edward J Booth ◽  
Panagiota Kitsantas ◽  
Hua Min ◽  
Anna Z Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

Purpose: Although research evidence indicates positive associations between stressful life events and postpartum depression, limited research assessed these associations in women with disabilities. This study examined the effects of stressful life events on postpartum depressive symptoms in women with disabilities. Methods: Data from the 2012–2017 Massachusetts Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System ( n = 8453) were used in this study. Women were asked if they experienced any life stressors (e.g. financial, traumatic, relational, and emotional) during the 12 months prior to giving birth. Disability was measured based on reports of emotional and physical functioning. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of stressful life events on postpartum depressive symptoms among women with and without disabilities. Results: Findings show that 37.4% of women with disabilities had postpartum depressive symptoms, which was significantly higher than 8.79% of women without disabilities. Stressful life events were reported in 86.6% of women with disabilities, compared to 66.6% for women without disabilities. Prevalence of three or more stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms was greater among women with disabilities (50.8% and 62.9%, respectively) than women without disabilities (22.6% and 37.0%, respectively). Women with disabilities experiencing six or more stressful life events were more likely (odds ratio = 3.78, 95% confidence interval = [1.57–9.10]) to report postpartum depressive symptoms, compared to those with no stressful life events. Women with disabilities who experienced relational (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval = [1.44–3.87]) and traumatic (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = [1.02–3.00]) life stressors had higher odds for postpartum depressive symptoms relative to those reporting no such life stressors. Conclusion: Women with disabilities are at an amplified risk for stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms. Relational and traumatic stressful life events particularly increase the odds for postpartum depressive symptoms among this group of mothers. Early prenatal and postnatal screening for life stressors and depressive symptoms, coupled with timely referral for appropriate prenatal and postnatal care, are vital to mitigate the harmful effects of depression among mothers with disabilities and the health of their children.

Abstract P487: Network Stressors, Personal Stressors, And Sustained Hypertension In African American Women

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Telisa Spikes ◽  
Letryce Scully ◽  
Samantha Bromfield ◽  
Miriam Van Dyke ◽  
Renee Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
American Women ◽  
Sustained Hypertension

Introduction: Stressful life events (SLE) have been associated with poor cardiovascular health but most studies have focused on stressors that directly impact the individuals under study, or personal stressors. Research suggests that women, particularly African-American women, may actually be more vulnerable to network stressors (e.g. SLE that impact important others, such as children, spouses and friends). However, few studies have examined this phenomenon. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that greater exposure to network, versus personal stressors, would be associated with elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) as well as BP in daily life, assessed via 48-hour ambulatory monitoring. Methods: Participants were 395 African-American women aged 30-45 (Mean= 39.5 ±4.6 yrs) from a range of educational backgrounds recruited from a large southeastern metropolitan area. SLE were assessed using a 22-item Stressful Life Events checklist and further classified into personal (e.g. “major accident/assault/robbery happened to you”) or network (e.g. “serious physical illness, injury or drug/alcohol problem in someone family member/friend”) stressors and summed. Clinic and 48-hr ambulatory BP measurements were assessed and sustained hypertension (HTN) was defined as both clinic (≥130/80mmHg) and ambulatory HTN (≥130/80mmHg), using 2017 AHA/ACC guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between types of stressors and sustained HTN after adjusting for age, education, body mass index, and BP meds. Results: Approximately 51.2% (N=211) of women had clinic HTN and 29.9% (N=123) of women had sustained HTN (elevated in both clinic and in daily life). In unadjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses, each additional network stressor was associated with a greater likelihood of having elevated clinic (OR-1.21 [1.04-1.40]) and sustained HTN (OR- OR-1.22 [1.04-1.43]). Findings for clinic (OR-1.25, [1.06-1.48]) and sustained HTN (OR-1.23, [1.04-1.46]) remained significant after adjustment for covariates. There were no significant associations between reports of personal stressors and either clinic, or sustained HTN in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Discussion: Network, but not personal stressors, were associated with elevated rates of HTN, both in clinic and daily life for African-American women. Future research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting stress management for network stressors specifically might impact BP in this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Emotion Dysregulation Moderates the Association Between Stress and Problematic Marijuana Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cavalli ◽  
Anita Cservenka
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Prevention Intervention ◽  
The Past

Objective. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States and in 2018 alone, an estimated 40.3 million adults reported using marijuana in the past year. This is concerning since growing research suggests that marijuana use is associated with adverse health and life outcomes, such as mental health issues, and cognitive impairment. Thus, determining factors that influence marijuana use-related problems is critical for understanding how to effectively implement prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts. Because research has proposed that emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic risk factor for substance use and addiction, the investigation of emotion regulation capabilities in marijuana users is warranted. Furthermore, since prior studies suggest that stress may lead to greater marijuana use-related problems, additional research into how emotion dysregulation may affect these relationships is needed. Thus, the current study examines how emotion dysregulation moderates the association between stress and problematic marijuana use in adults through an online survey. Methods. 852 adults reporting any lifetime marijuana use completed an online survey through Qualtrics. Participants completed a brief demographic questionnaire and were asked to report their past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, nicotine, and illicit substances. To assess past month problematic marijuana use, participants completed the Marijuana Problem Scale (MPS). To assess emotion dysregulation, participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory (H-RLSI) to assess past month perceived stress and past year stressful life events, respectively. We investigated the association between scores on the DERS, PSS, and H-RLSI with scores on the MPS. Additionally, we conducted hierarchical multiple linear regression models to test whether emotion dysregulation, stress, and their interaction predicted problematic marijuana use. Results. Scores on the DERS (r = .53, p < .001), PSS (r = .13, p < .001), and H-RLSI (r = .32, p < .001) were significantly correlated with scores on the MPS. Additionally, emotion dysregulation (B = .32, p < .001), stressful life events (B = .21, p < .001), and their interaction (B = .07, p = .003) were significant predictors of problematic marijuana use. Finally, emotion dysregulation (B = .44, p < .001), perceived stress (B = -.18, p < .001), and their interaction (B = -.06, p = .04) were significant predictors of problematic marijuana use. Conclusion. These findings indicate that when examined separately, greater emotion dysregulation, experiencing more stressful life events in the past year, and experiencing more perceived stress in the past month were associated with greater problematic marijuana use in the past month. However, when examining the moderating role of emotion dysregulation, more stressful life events and less perceived stress predicted greater problematic marijuana use, and these associations were stronger at higher levels of emotion dysregulation. Overall, these results suggest that emotion dysregulation and greater stress may be risk factors for developing problematic marijuana use, and could be possible targets for prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts.

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