scholarly journals Efficacy of organic matter and some bio-inoculants for the management of root-knot nematode infesting tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Khan ◽  
Dr Safiuddin ◽  
Rose Rizvi ◽  
Rizwan Ali Ansari ◽  
Irshad Mahmood ◽  
...  

Efficiency of an organic matter like Tagetes erecta and bioinoculants Azotobacter chroococcum and Glomus fasciculatum was investigated in tomato cultivar ‘Pusa Ruby’ when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly for the management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth parameters such as plant length, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll content, per cent pollen fertility and mycorrhization. Greatest reduction in the numbers of second-stage juveniles in soil, number of root-galls, egg-masses and nematode multiplication was recorded with combined application of T. erecta and bio-inoculants A. chroococcum and G. fasciculatum as compared to untreated control and other treatments. Similarly, the greatest improvement in the plant growth and biomass of tomato was noted in the same treatments. However, individual inoculation of these bio-inoculants and organic fertilizers also showed significant enhancement but was less as compared to combined treatment. A. chroococcum was found most effective against disease incidence followed by G. fasciculatum and T. erecta. Parameters like NP and K contents were significantly enhanced in those plants which received combined treatments of organic matter and bio-inoculants. Azotobacter was found more efficacious against nematodes than Glomus fasciculatum. Organic matter also influenced the activity of bio-inoculants, more with the Azotobacter than G. fasciculatum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12643 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 206-220

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vorobyova ◽  
Valeriy Petrov ◽  
Aleksey Belkov ◽  
Anton Prah ◽  
Vladimir Volynkin

Растительные отходы сельскохозяйственного производства в основном утилизируются в качестве кормов в животноводстве и реже используются в виде удобрения на многолетних насаждениях. Из растительных сельскохозяйственных отходов в качестве органического удобрения могут быть использованы вторичные отходы винодельческого производства, виноградные выжимки. Обоснование возможности применения такого вида биоудобрения в конкретных условиях с учетом показателей, характеризующих биоматериал и состав почвы, послужило целью выполненной работы. Биогенность деградируемой почвы ампелоценозов увеличивается легко гидролизируемыми виноградными выжимами, по своему биохимическому составу являющимися зональным экологическим индукторам физико-химического и механического состава почвы. Партии используемого биоматериала, вносимого в почву опытных участков в период проводимых исследований, по своим биохимическим показателям (азот, фосфор, калий, органическое вещество, рН) не имели существенных различий. Показатели содержания подвижных форм фосфора и калия в почве используют для оценки фосфатного и калийного режимов разных почв. При их недостаточности в почве рациональна замена агрохимикатов, относящимся к средствам химизации сельского хозяйства (фосфор-калийные удобрения), биоудобрением из отходов виноградовинодельческого производства, содержащим эти макроэлементы. Определено, что повышение биогенности и физико-химического состава почвы возможно обогащением ее отходами виноделия, содержащими питательные вещества для корнеобитаемого слоя почвы (азот 6,3%; фосфор 0,44%; калий 1,59%), органическое вещество до 82% и рН не вызывающий изменений кислотного баланса почвы. Установлено, что после одного цикла (весна-осень-весна 2017-2018 гг.) внесения биоудобрения в комплексе с эффективными микроорганизмами (препарат Байкал ЭМ-1) почва характеризовалась увеличением органического вещества на 0,3%, подвижных форм фосфора - на 11,0 мг/кг, общего азота - на 0,07%, макроэлементов кальция, натрия, магния, калия - от 2,0 до 7,0 мг/кг, уменьшением гранулометрического состава почвы (фракция < 0,01 мм) - на 0,7%, снижением концентрации тяжелых металлов (кобальт, мышьяк, медь, цинк - по ГОСТ) - от 0,1 до 6,0 мг/кг. Использование виноградных выжимок в комплексе с эффективными микроорганизмами в качестве энергетического биоматериала удовлетворяет современным требованиям эколого-экономической и эффективной утилизации растительных отходов сельского хозяйства в области виноградовинодельческого производства.Vegetation residue from agricultural production is mainly used as feed in livestock rearing, and is less frequently used as fertilizer on perennial plantings. From agricultural green waste, secondary waste from wine production and grape pomace can also be used as organic fertilizers. We conducted feasibility studies on the use of such bio-fertilizers under specific conditions, taking into account soil composition and biomaterial parameters. Biogenesity of the degrading soils of ampelocenoses can be improved by easily hydrolyzed grape marc, the biochemical composition of which serves as zonal ecological inducer of soil physico-chemical and mechanical composition. Batches of biomaterial introduced into soil of experimental plots during research had no significant differences in biochemical parameters (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, pH). Active forms of phosphorus and potassium content in the soil is used to estimate the phosphate and potassium statuses of different soils. When their content in the soil is insufficient, it is recommended to replace the agrochemicals (phosphorus-potassium fertilizers) with bio-fertilizers from grape-growing production waste rich in those macronutrients. The study established that soil biogenisity and physico-chemical composition can be improved through its enrichment with winemaking waste containing nutrients for soil root layer (nitrogen 4.3 %; phosphorus 0.49%; potassium 1.49%), up to 82% of organic matter and the pH that does not alter the soil acid balance. It was found that one cycle (spring-autumn - spring 2017-2018) of bio-fertilizer introduction combined with effective microorganisms (Baikal EM-1 preparation), increased organic matter in the soil by 0.3 %, active phosphorus by 11.0 mg/kg, total nitrogen by 0.07%, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium macronutrients from 2.0 up to 7.0 mg/kg, and decreased soil granulometric composition (fraction < 0.01 mm) by 0.7 %; it decreased heavy metal concentration (cobalt, arsenic, copper, zinc - under GOST) from 0.1 to 6.0 mg/kg. Combined application of grape pomace and effective micro-organisms as energy biomaterial meets modern requirements for environmentally sound, effective and efficient disposal of agricultural green waste material in the field of viticulture.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Ullah ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
T Haque

A field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from December 2004 to April 2005 to evaluate the effect of manures and fertilizers on the yield of brinjal. There were five treatments consisting of organic, inorganic and combined sources of nutrients, of which the combined treatment (60 % organic +40% inorganic) showed the best performances. The maximum branching (20.1) with the highest number fruits/plant (15.2), fruit length (14.1 cm) and fruit diameter (4.3 cm) were found combined application of manures and fertilizers. The highest yield (45.5 t ha-1) was also obtained from the combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Application of mustard oil cake or poultry manure alone gave better performance compared to only chemical fertilizers. The organic matter content and availability of N, P, K and S in soil were increased by organic matter application. On the other hand soil pH was increased with chemical application than organic. Keywords: Manure; Fertilizer; Yield; Brinjal; Soil properties DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4821 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 271-276, 2008


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Sukanta Pal ◽  
Megha Sana ◽  
Hirak Banerjee ◽  
Lhingneikim Lhungdim

Effect of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth and productivity of hybrid rice (cv. PHB 71) was assessed during dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Research Farm of BCKV under new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations having 4 levels of N and 3 types of bio-fertilizer replicated thrice. Application at 180 kg N/ha produced tallest plants at 90 DAT with maximum LAI (60 DAT), DMA (90 DAT), tillers/hill (90 DAT) and CGR (30-60 & 60-90 DAT). The same N rate resulted in highest panicles/m2, panicle length, panicle weight, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight. A decrease in N dose from 180 to 150 kg/ha caused reduction in all those yield components; however, the variation was non-significant except for number of panicles/m2. Maximum grain yield, straw yield and harvest index was also achieved with 180 kg N/ha accounting 120.1, 34.9 and 32.8% more than the values obtained with zero-N; however, it was statistically at par with the yields and HI obtained with 150 kg N/ha. The Azospirillum application increased all the growth parameters, yield components and yield of hybrid rice over other tested bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum > PSB > K mobilizer), accounting 5.9 and 8.8% more than the yields obtained with PSB and K mobilizer. The interaction of N and bio-fertilizer exerted significant effect on growth attributes but failed to record any significant variations in yield components and yield of hybrid rice. The maximum economic benefit was achieved with combined application of 180 kg N/ha and Azospirillum.


Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
N. I. Volkov ◽  
Zh. V. Bespalova ◽  
P. A. Bazanov ◽  
I. V. Volosenok

With the aim of comparative examination of efficacy of different drugs and methods of endoscopic surgery in treatment of infertile women with genital endometriosis 548 patients were examined. Distinct advantages of combined treatment were revealed: surgical destruction of endometrial foci at the first stage and administration of antigonadotrophic preparations at the second stage. Maximum frequency of impregnation after such therapy was observed during first 6-8 months. By 11-12 months the index decreased to its minimum. So, it is reasonable to give up passive supervision after 12 months


Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabíola de J. Silva ◽  
Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica A. Xavier ◽  
Vanessa A. Gomes ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
...  

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
K.K. Chaudhary ◽  
R. K. Kaul

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) crop is highly susceptible for the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and every year this nematode causes great loss to the crop. The present study investigated the cumulative effect of two biocontrol agents viz. Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita. Two doses of P. penetrans i.e. 50g/Kg and 100g/Kg infested soil were applied either alone or in combination with two doses of P. lilacinus i.e. 4g spore culture/Kg and 6g spore culture/Kg of soil. Application of P. penetrans with P. lilacinus resulted into relatively better improvement in various growth attributes of chilli when compared with the individual application. Amongst the various treatments tested combined application with the higher dose of both bioagents (i.e. 100g P. penetrans infested soil with 6g of P. lilacinus/Kg) showed maximum improvement in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check and it was almost at par with that of the absolute check. The combined application of both the bioagents at higher dose resulted in 139 and 84% increase in dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check respectively. The combined application of both the bioagents was also observed to cause higher reduction in gall number and nematode population than their individual application except for the treatment having lower dose of the P. penetrans with P. lilacinus where reduction in both the parameters was observed to be at par with that of the either dose of P. penetrans or higher dose of P. lilacinus. Combined application with higher dose of P. penetrans and P. lilacinus showed maximum reduction of 62.6 and 82.2% in gall numbers and nematode population over the nematode check.


Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marcelo Chiamolera ◽  
Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins ◽  
Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽  
Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da Cunha-Chiamolera

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii is the main phytosanitary problem of guava cultivation in Brazil. Among the strategies to manage the problem, the best prospects are in identifying or developing cultivars or rootstocks that are resistant to this nematode. To identify plants with potential as rootstocks for guava, the reaction of araçá (wild guava) to M. enterolobii was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Seven araçá species were evaluated (Eugenia stipitata, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. guajava var. minor, P. guineense, and Psidium sp.). The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii, using eggplant as control treatment. The parameters fresh root mass, number of eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) per root system, the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi), and araçá reaction were determined during the experiment. RF of the araçá species E. stipitata, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, and P. friedrichsthalianum was less than one (RP < 1), therefore resistant to M. enterolobii. The araçá trees had good root system development and the susceptible plants showed many root galls, high number of eggs and J2, and Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani root rot. The araçá species, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, and E. stipitata are resistant to M. enterolobii and can be tested as potential guava rootstocks.


1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Raj Pant ◽  
Kayo Devi Yami

Rapid growth of population in Kathmandu valley has increased solid wastes generation tremendously. One of the best ways of managing the organic wastes is to recycle domestic wastes at the site of its origin by vermicomposting into valuable organic fertilizers. A laboratory experiment was carried out at for proper management of solid wastes of Kathmandu valley, generated from Ayurveda industry, sugar mill (bagasse), wood mill, kitchen, and vegetable and fruit markets. The experiment dealt with the decomposition of solid wastes through the action of red worm (Eisenia foetida). The vermicomposting of mixtures were carried out for 12 weeks. Observations showed that vermicompost obtained from Ayurveda industry wastes was found to be rich in N, P, K and organic matter, and vermicompost from sugarcane bagasse was found best for rapid multiplication of Eisenia foetida. Fish scales and sawdust were identified as worst substrate for this worm. Key words: vermi compost; organic solid wastes; Eisenia foetida DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3172 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 99-104


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