scholarly journals Relationship Between Small Farmer Cooperative Limited and Women’s Rights in Household Assets

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehanath Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Small Farmer ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

Small Farmer Cooperative Limited (SFCL) is one financial institution worked for the welfare of poor and marginalized people. It mostly focuses on the women empowerment from the socio-economic perspective. The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between SFCL and women's right in household assets. In Nepalese context, males are known as the head of family and led the every decision in household level activities. The study was conducted in the three Village Development Community of Illam district of Nepal during the time of 2016. In total 522 women participated for the study who was the member of SFCL. The study found the significant difference in women before and after involving in the SFCL. Women said that they felt the many changes in their life. They were able to mobilize the economic resources and aware in the right of women. They could actively participate in the decision of mobilization of household assets. SFCL build the level of confidence and sensitized in the right of information in any activities. Women could raise their voice in-front of any authority and could take leadership in community development activities. It was necessary to continue the SFCL to improve the socio-economic life of community. Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No.3, 2016, page:31-39

scholarly journals PRE AND POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Simona Rusu ◽  
Zdenek Knotek ◽  
Radu Lacatus ◽  
Ionel Papuc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Green Iguanas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Temperature

Abstract The body temperature of 10 clinically healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana) was measured using a thermographic camera (FLIR E6, Flir Systems Sweden) before and after the food was offered. For each animal there were performed a total of 6 measurements (3 before feeding and 3 after the food was offered). The purpose of this experiment was to observe the thermographic pattern of the body before and after the feeding, since herbivore reptiles tend to bask after the feeding to increase the body temperature that will help them afterwards digest the food. The animals were housed in individual vivariums with every animal having a basking spot available. The pictures were taken outside the vivarium in an adjacent room. The animals were handled with gloves and transported in a cardboard box in order to avoid heat transfer between the handler and the iguana that would have produced thermal artefacts. Each individual was placed on a table on a styrofoam slate, again, to avoid the heat transfer between the table and the animal`s body. For each animal a total of 4 pictures were taken (up, front, left and right). The pictures were analysed with the FLIR Tools program that is provided by the manufacturer and 3 temperatures were taken into consideration (the head temperature, body temperature on the right side and body temperature on the left side). The temperatures were compared between them and with the temperature of the vivariums that consisted of the average between the temperature in 3 different spots (basking spot, the feeding bowl site and the coldest spot) measured with an infrared thermometer GM300 (Benetech, China). The temperature of the body was dependent on the vivarium temperature and it was a significant temperature difference between the measurements before the feeding and after the feeding. Also we discovered a significant difference between the head temperature and the body temperature on the left side before the feeding that disappeared after the animals ate. There was also a significant difference between the temperature on right side and on left side of the animals both before and after the feeding. No significant temperature difference was observed between the head and the right side of the body neither before nor after the feeding.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS PROGRAM BANTUAN KEUANGAN KHUSUS (BKK) GERBANGSADU MANDARA DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM TAHUN 2017 (STUDI KASUS PADA 18 DESA KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNG AGUNG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komang Agus Rudi Indra Laksmana ◽  
I Ketut Merta
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Karangasem Regency is one of the regencies in Bali which has the highest poverty rate in Bali, The Gerbangsadu Mandara program in 2016 has been distributed in 54 villages with an average budget of 1 billion rupiah per village. However, in mid 2017 the eruption of Mount Agung erupted causing economic paralysis in 22 affected villages in Karangasem Regency. Among them 18 villages are disaster prone areas (KRB) are recipients of the Gerbangsadu Mandara program.  Indicators in measuring effectiveness used are performance measurement instruments for 2016-2018 in the form of CCR, ROI, LAR financial ratios aimed at measuring health and its relation to the readiness of citizens to receive further intervention from the government for the following year. The problems to be solved in this study are: How is the effectiveness of Gerbangsadu Mandara Special Financial Assistance (BKK) in 18 villages of Mount Agung Eruption in Karangasem Regency as seen from Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr), Return on Investment (ROI), and Loan at Risk (LAR). The results showed that during the period 2016-2018, the average performance of 18 Bumdes in Karangasem Regency for a Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr) ratio of 183% (very satisfying), Return on Investment (ROI) of 7% (quite satisfactory), and Loan at Risk (LAR) of 19% (minimum). Paired T-test shows that Sign.2-tailed value is greater than 0.05, it means that financial performance before and after the eruption of Mount Agung did not occur a significant significant difference. The conclusion is that the Bumdes financial performance in Karangasem Regency is not affected by the risk of the eruption of Mount Agung. The limitation of the research lies in the object of research at one financial institution that is Bumdes, further research this concept can be tested at other financial institutions such as Village Credit Institutions, Banks and Cooperatives.

scholarly journals Topical estradiol does not interfere with the expression of the metalloproteinase-1 enzyme in photo exposed skin cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Neder ◽  
Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Cutaneous Atrophy ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: In postmenopausal women there is a rapid destruction of dermal collagen, resulting in accelerated skin ageing, which is manifested by cutaneous atrophy, increased number and depth of wrinkles and sagging. This accelerated catabolism of the collagen is due to estrogen deficiency and increased synthesis of the metalloproteinase-1 enzyme, which degrades the dermal collagen. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the use of topical estradiol 0.05% cream on photo exposed skin can inhibit the expression of the metalloproteinase-1 enzyme on the dermis and subsequently the rapid loss of collagen in women after menopause. METHODS: We included 40 postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy. Information about lifestyle, lipid profile, blood glucose level, thyroid hormones, mammography, Pap smear and transvaginal ultrasound were obtained to rule out associated diseases. Skin biopsy of the right preauricular region was performed before and after treatment with topical estradiol 0.05% for 30 days. The biopsy specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry to identify the expression of the metalloproteinase-1 enzyme. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference on the expression of the metalloproteinase-1 enzyme in keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells before and after treatment with topical estradiol for 30 days. CONCLUSION: Treatment with estradiol 0.05% cream, in photo exposed skin for 30 days, does not inhibit the production of metalloproteinase-1.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sebelum dan Sesudah Right Issue di BEI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Guido Gian Layuk Runtung ◽  
I Putu Yadnya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Research Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the diffrences in financial performance before and after right issue. Right issue a corporate action by the company by issuing new shares offered to existing shareholders. Sampling in this study using method purposive sampling. The samples in this research are 33 companies that conduct period 2011 – 2015. The financial performance in will be analysis through the five financial ratios namely CR, DER, TAT, ROA, and PER. This research data analysis technique using paired sample t test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results showed that significant diffrences in TAT ratio before and after the right issue. While the research for the ratios of CR, DER, ROA, and PER showed no significant difference before and after right issue. These result indicate that the company’s financial performance two years after the right issue is more efficient in utilizing company’s assets in order to increase sales.

A Clinical Study of Acupuncture and SSP (Silver Spike Point) Electro-therapy for Dry Eye Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Lieh Tseng ◽  
Hsu-Jan Liu ◽  
Kam-Yuen Tso ◽  
Lin-Chung Woung ◽  
Yi-Chang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

The present study was designed as a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of acupuncture and silver spike point (SSP) electro-therapy on dry eye syndrome. A total of 43 dry eye syndrome patients participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into control, acupuncture and SSP electro-therapy groups. The three groups were all given artificial tears treatment. Patients in the treatment groups were given two 20-minute treatments of either acupuncture or SSP. Assessment was carried out using the Basal Schirmer test, tear break-up time (BUT), visual analog scale (VAS) and an overall score of eye condition. After four weeks of treatment, both the acupuncture and SSP treatment groups showed improvements over the control group, in Schirmer tests of the left eye and average tearing of both eyes. After 8 weeks of treatment, both treatment groups showed improvements over the control group both in Schirmer tests and VAS. For the right eye, treatment groups showed significant improvements in Schirmer test and VAS versus the control group averages for both eyes. There was no significant difference in BUT at any time. Comparing scores before and after treatment, the acupuncture and SSP groups showed a significant improvement compared to the control group. The acupuncture group showed a greater 8-week improvement in Schirmer tests scores compared to the SSP group. However, the SSP group patients used fewer applications of artificial tears. Acupuncture and SSP electro-therapy were effective in increasing tear secretion in patients with dry eye syndrome. The SSP electro-therapy not only alleviated dry eye syndrome, but also reduced the number of applications of artificial tears necessary.

scholarly journals The Impact of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending on Business Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Rindah Febriana Suryawati ◽  
Duhita Paramaramya Putri Nurdana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
T Test ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
Peer Lending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paired T Test

The problem faced by most micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia is financing business. Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is a non-bank financial institution that can be an alternative source of financing because of the requirements and easy application usage. This study aims to analyze the impact of peer-to-peer lending on business expenses, business turnover, total employment, total sales of products, and profits before and after obtaining a peer-to-peer lending loan and analyze factors affecting the increase in business turnover after getting a loan through peer-to-peer lending. The methods used in this study include the descriptive analysis method, paired t-test, and ordinary least square (OLS). The paired t-test results indicate that there is a significant difference between business expenses, business turnover, the amount of labor, the number of product sales, and profit before and after obtaining a peer-to-peer lending loan. The result of analysis with the OLS method shows that the length of business and expenditure of the business has a significant effect on the development of respondents' business turnover.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENERIMAAN PPN &PPn BM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENERAPAN METODE E-FILING PADA KPP PRATAMA SERANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Iroh Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Service System ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Filling Method

From an economic point of view, taxes are state revenues used to direct people's lives towards prosperity. Tax as a driving force for people's economic life. By applying the e-filling method in the PPN & PPn BM tax service system, it is expected that state revenue can increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of acceptance of PPN & PPn BM before and after the e-filling method was applied. Data analysis technique used paired test sample T-test with the help of SPSS. To find out whether or not the hypothesis was accepted, a comparison of tcount (-2,392) and t-table (2,201) was used. Based on calculations it is known that there was  no significant difference in the amount of PPN & PPn BM receipts before and after the e-filling method was applied.

scholarly journals Validation of Career Planning Guidebook for College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Dian Kinayung ◽  
Difa Ardiyanti ◽  
Muhammad Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Career Intervention ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

Career exploration is one of the career development tasks that individuals commonly go through. In reality, these activities may cause problems for specific individuals, including students. Career guidance can assist individuals in successfully passing through this stage of a person’s life. Of the many career intervention models available, no previous research has utilized career planning guidebooks as a form of intervention to help students make career plans. This study aimed to validate a career planning guidebook created by the researcher and test its content and functional validity. Tests of content validity were conducted through professional judgment, while tests of functional validity were conducted via a quasi-experiment. The results showed that all the contents of the career planning guidebook were aligned with the goals of the career planning guidebook (Average of V= 0.6). The experiment results indicated significant difference in perceptions of career planning before and after the intervention (Z=-3.987; p=0.000). The findings concluded that the career planning guidebook is valid, both in terms of content and function.

scholarly journals Effective reinnervation of the quadriceps femoris by spinal ventral root cross-anastomosis in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Gui-bin Zhong ◽  
Zu-de Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Peng-wen Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection ◽  
Stimulation Of

PURPOSE: To study the effective recovery of the quadriceps femoris by spinal ventral root cross-anastomosis in rats. METHODS: End-to-end anastomosis was performed between the left L1 and L3 ventral roots using autogenous nerve graft ,and the right L1 and L3 roots were left intact. In control animals, the left L3 ventral root was cut and shortened, and anastomosis was not performed. Six months postoperatively, the movement of low extremities was detected by electrophysiological examination, hindlimb locomotion and basso, beattie and bresnahan (BBB) scoring at one, three, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after SCI. Fluorescence retrograde tracing with TRUE BLUE (TB) and HE staining were performed to observe the nerve regeneration. RESULTS: Six months after surgery, the anastomotic nerve was smooth and not atrophic. The amplitudes of action potential were 7.63±1.86 mV and 6.0±1.92 mV respectively before and after the spinal cord hemisection. The contraction of left quadriceps femoris was induced by a single stimulation of the anastomotic nerve. The locomotion of left hindlimb was partially restored after spinal cord hemisection while creeping and climbing. In addition, there was significant difference in the BBB score at one, three and seven days after SCI. TB retrograde tracing and neurophysiologic observation indicated efficient reinnervation of the quadriceps femoris. CONCLUSION: The cross-anastomosis between spinal ventral root can partially reconstruct the function of quadriceps femoris following SCI and may have clinical implication for the treatment of human SCI.

scholarly journals Effect of Riboflavin/UVA Collagen Cross-linking on Central Cornea, Limbus and Intraocular Pressure. Experimental Study in Rabbit Eyes

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilios Kozobolis ◽  
Maria Gkika ◽  
Haris Sideroudi ◽  
Efthymia Tsaragli ◽  
Stylliani Lydataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Central Cornea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Animal Experimental Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking

The Purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen cross-linking (CXL) on central cornea, limbus and intraocular pressure (IOP). This was an animal experimental study. The right corneas of 10 rabbits were ultraviolet-A irradiated (3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes) after de-epithelialization and instillation of 0.1% riboflavin / 20% Dextran drops. Left corneas served as controls. Samples were examined histologically one month postoperatively. Before and after treatment, IOP measurements were recorded bilaterally. At central cornea of eyes underwent CXL keratocyte repopulation, normal arrangement of collagen fibres and a statistically significant change in fibres diameter were detected, compared to controls. At limbus area, there were not any significant histological differences after CXL. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative IOP in all eyes.

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