Isolation and Characterization of Soil Myxobacteria from Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Nabin Rana ◽  
Saraswoti Khadka ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Marasini ◽  
Bishnu Joshi ◽  
Pramod Poudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites

 Realizing myxobacteria as a potential source of antimicrobial metabolites, we pursued research to isolate myxobacteria showing antimicrobial properties. We have successfully isolated three strains (NR-1, NR-2, NR-3) using the Escherichia coli baiting technique. These isolates showed typical myxobacterial growth characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the strains (NR-1, NR-2, NR-3) belong to the family Archangiaceae, suborder Cystobacterineae, and order Myxococcales. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity searched through BLAST revealed that strain NR-1 showed the closest similarity (91.8 %) to the type strain Vitiosangium cumulatum (NR-156939), NR-2 showed (98.8 %) to the type of Cystobacter badius (NR-043940), and NR-3 showed the closest similarity (83.5 %) to the type of strain Cystobacter fuscus (KP-306730). All isolates showed better growth in 0.5-1 % NaCl and pH around 7.0, whereas no growth was observed at pH 9.0 and below 5.0. All strains showed better growth at 32° C and hydrolyzed starch, whereas casein was efficiently hydrolyzed by NR-1 and NR-2. Besides, preliminary antimicrobial tests from crude extracts showed activities against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Our findings suggest that the arcane soil habitats of Nepal harbor myxobacteria with the capability to produce diverse antimicrobial activities that may be explored to overcome the rapidly rising global concern about antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and Enzymatic Characterization of Flocculibacter collagenilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Gammaproteobacterium With High Collagenase Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Jun-Hui Cheng ◽  
Zhao-Jie Teng ◽  
Zhong-Zhi Sun ◽  
Xiao-Yan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Collagen Degradation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Recycling ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Family

Collagens from marine animals are an important component of marine organic nitrogen. Collagenase-producing bacteria and their collagenases play important roles in collagen degradation and organic nitrogen recycling in the ocean. However, only a few collagenase-producing marine bacteria have been so far discovered. Here, we reported the isolation and characterization of a collagenase-secreting bacterium, designated strain SM1988T, isolated from a green alga Codium fragile sample. Strain SM1988T is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-, and catalase-positive, unipolar flagellated, and rod-shaped bacterium capable of hydrolyzing casein, gelatin and collagens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SM1988T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage along with known genera within the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity being less than 93.3% to all known species in the family. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain SM1988T was considered to represent a novel species in a novel genus in the family Pseudoalteromonadaceae, for which the name Flocculibacter collagenilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being SM1988T (= MCCC 1K04279T = KCTC 72761T). Strain SM1988T showed a high production of extracellular collagenases, which had high activity against both bovine collagen and codfish collagen. Biochemical tests combined with genome and secretome analyses indicated that the collagenases secreted by strain SM1988T are serine proteases from the MEROPS S8 family. These data suggest that strain SM1988T acts as an important player in marine collagen degradation and recycling and may have a promising potential in collagen resource utilization.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Halotolerant Fungus from a Marine Sponge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitayal S. Anteneh ◽  
Melissa H. Brown ◽  
Christopher M. M. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Halotolerant Fungus

Introduction. Marine sponges have established symbiotic interactions with a large number of microorganisms including fungi. Most of the studies so far have focussed on the characterization of sponge-associated bacteria and archaea with only a few reports on sponge-associated fungi. During the isolation and characterization of bacteria from marine sponges of South Australia, we observed multiple types of fungi. One isolate in particular was selected for further investigation due to its unusually large size and being chromogenic. Here, we report on the investigations on the physical, morphological, chemical, and genotypic properties of this yeast-like fungus. Methods and Materials. Sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments, and microbes were isolated using different isolation media under various incubation conditions. Microbial isolates were identified on the basis of morphology, staining characteristics, and their 16S rRNA or ITS/28S rRNA gene sequences. Results. Twelve types of yeast and fungal isolates were detected together with other bacteria and one of these fungi measured up to 35 μm in diameter with a unique chromogen compared to other fungi. Depending on the medium type, this unique fungal isolate appeared as yeast-like fungi with different morphological forms. The isolate can ferment and assimilate nearly all of the tested carbohydrates. Furthermore, it tolerated a high concentration of salt (up to 25%) and a range of pH and temperature. ITS and 28S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a sequence similarity of 93% and 98%, respectively, with the closest genera of Eupenidiella, Hortaea, and Stenella. Conclusions. On the basis of its peculiar morphology, size, and genetic data, this yeast-like fungus possibly constitutes a new genus and the name Magnuscella marinae, gen nov., sp. nov., is proposed. This study is the first of its kind for the complete characterization of a yeast-like fungus from marine sponges. This novel isolate developed a symbiotic interaction with living hosts, which was not observed with other reported closest genera (they exist in a saprophytic relationship). The observed unique size and morphology may favour this new isolate to establish symbiotic interactions with living hosts.

scholarly journals The Isolation and Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. from Intestine of a Malaysian Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul Hamid ◽  
Farhaneen Afzal Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Rabbit Intestine

The isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of Oryctolagus cuniculus, a domestic rabbit species in Malaysia is described. Fifty isolates from rabbit intestine were screened by biochemical tests. From 50 isolates, four were identified and shown to be catalase-positive, lactose positive and Gram-positive cocci. Antibacterial assays were carried out against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis as indicator bacteria. The samples exhibited antibacterial properties as indicated by zone of inhibitions. Three isolates were further subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and analysis. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing results from these isolates showed high sequence similarity with coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. This result showed that by screening of LAB from rabbit intestine, bacteria from the family Staphylococcaceae could be isolated and this could be potentially used as probiotics in rabbit feeding.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and screening of Actinobacteria in volcanic soil of Deception Island (the Antarctic) for antimicrobial metabolites

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoke−Kqueen Cheah ◽  
Learn−Han Lee ◽  
Cheng−Yun Catherine Chieng ◽  
Vui−Ling Clemente Michael Wong
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Volcanic Soil ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract This project aimed to isolate and characterize volcanic soil Actinobacteria from Deception Island, Antarctic. A total of twenty−four Actinobacteria strains were isolated using four different isolation media (Starch casein agar, R2 agar, Actinomycete isolation agar, Streptomyces agar) and characterized basing on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Tests for second− arymetabolites were performed using well diffusion method to detect antimicrobial activities against eight different pathogens, namely Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 33591, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, S. enterica serotype Enteritidis, S. enterica serotype Paratyphi ATCC 9150, S. enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Vibrio cholerae. Antimicrobial properties were detected against Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella typhimurium at the concentration of 0.3092±0.08 g/ml. The bioactive strains were identified as Gordonia terrae, Leifsonia soli and Terrabacter lapilli. Results from this study showed that the soil of Deception Island is likely a good source of isolation for Actinobacteria. The volcanic soil Actinobacteria are potentially rich source for discovery of antimicrobial compounds.

Monoglobus pectinilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a pectinolytic bacterium isolated from human faeces.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Kim ◽  
WJ Kelly ◽  
ML Patchett ◽  
GW Tannock ◽  
Z Jordens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
The Family

© 2017 IUMS. A novel anaerobic pectinolytic bacterium (strain 14T) was isolated from human faeces. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 14T belonged to the family Ruminococcaceae, but was located separately from known clostridial clusters within the taxon. The closest cultured relative of strain 14T was Acetivibrio cellulolyticus (89.7% sequence similarity). Strain 14T shared ~99% sequence similarity with cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences from uncultured bacteria derived from the human gut. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci approximately 0.6μm in diameter. Strain 14T fermented pectins from citrus peel, apple, and kiwifruit as well as carbohydrates that are constituents of pectins and hemicellulose, such as galacturonic acid, xylose, and arabinose. TEM images of strain 14T, cultured in association with plant tissues, suggested extracellular fibrolytic activity associated with the bacterial cells, forming zones of degradation in the pectin-rich regions of middle lamella. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis supported the differentiation of strain 14T as a novel genus in the family Ruminococcaceae. The name Monoglobus pectinilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 14T (JCM 31914T=DSM 104782T).

Novel Streptomyces sp. reported in 2018: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Aryal ◽  
Laxmi Neupane ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari ◽  
Balmukunda Regmi ◽  
Niranjan Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene Cluster ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Sugar Fermentation

: Streptomyces species are very well known for the production of antimicrobials and enzymes. The objective of this review is to search for the novel Streptomyces isolated in 2018 along with their characteristics and possible antimicrobial properties. The literature search was done according to the PRISMA flow diagram where 28 research papers were eligible for the review. Data entry and analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 while phylogenetic tree was constructed using Geneious Prime Software. The data on general characteristics, biochemical as well as sugar fermentation tests, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness were extracted from the research papers and summarized in tables and figures. The biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) was identified using ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell-antiSMASH’ which showed the possibility of production of new antibiotics, antifungal and antitumor substances from the 28 novel Streptomyces isolated in 2018 which would contribute to the global effort to fight against growing multidrug-resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of the Ag, Cu Nanoparticle System

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Xinzhen Fan ◽  
L’Hocine Yahia ◽  
Edward Sacher
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Nanoparticle System ◽  
Contact Killing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Microbes, including bacteria and fungi, easily form stable biofilms on many surfaces. Such biofilms have high resistance to antibiotics, and cause nosocomial and postoperative infections. The antimicrobial and antiviral behaviors of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are well known, and possible mechanisms for their actions, such as released ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), contact killing, the immunostimulatory effect, and others have been proposed. Ag and Cu NPs, and their derivative NPs, have different antimicrobial capacities and cytotoxicities. Factors, such as size, shape and surface treatment, influence their antimicrobial activities. The biomedical application of antimicrobial Ag and Cu NPs involves coating onto substrates, including textiles, polymers, ceramics, and metals. Because Ag and Cu are immiscible, synthetic AgCu nanoalloys have different microstructures, which impact their antimicrobial effects. When mixed, the combination of Ag and Cu NPs act synergistically, offering substantially enhanced antimicrobial behavior. However, when alloyed in Ag–Cu NPs, the antimicrobial behavior is even more enhanced. The reason for this enhancement is unclear. Here, we discuss these results and the possible behavior mechanisms that underlie them.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts from Typical Bulgarian Sourdoughs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Mariana Petkova ◽  
Petya Stefanova ◽  
Velitchka Gotcheva ◽  
Angel Angelov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Selection Of

Traditional sourdoughs in Bulgaria were almost extinct during the centralized food production system. However, a rapidly developing trend of sourdough revival in the country is setting the demand for increased production and use of commercial starter cultures. The selection of strains for such cultures is based on geographical specificity and beneficial technological properties. In this connection, the aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts from typical Bulgarian sourdoughs for the selection of strains for commercial sourdough starter cultures. Twelve samples of typical Bulgarian sourdoughs were collected from different geographical locations. All samples were analyzed for pH, total titratable acidity and dry matter content. Enumeration of LAB and yeast was also carried out. Molecular identification by 16S rDNA sequence analysis was performed for 167 LAB isolates, and 106 yeast strains were identified by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene partial sequence analysis. The LAB strains were characterized according to their amylolytic and proteolytic activity and acidification capacity, and 11 strains were selected for further testing of their antimicrobial properties. The strains with the most pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activity are listed as recommended candidates for the development of starter cultures for sourdoughs or other food products.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities in Pistacia atlantica—Aphids Make a Difference!

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yoram Gerchman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Plants have been explored and used as sources for antimicrobial extract and compounds for many years, but galls—specialized structures forms on such by diversity of organisms—have been explored much less. Aphid galls host many insects in closed, humid and sugar rich environments for long periods. We have tested the antimicrobial properties of Slavum wertheimae aphid galls on Pistacia atlantica. Secondary metabolites were extracted from leaves and galls with organic solvents, and essential oils with Clevenger, and tested by disk diffusion assay and volatile effect on bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results demonstrated that gall extracts/essential oils had much stronger activity against the diversity of bacteria and fungi. The large diversity of galls suggest they could be explored as source for novel compounds.

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