Key Areas to Economic Takeoff from Demographic Dividend: A Case of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Kewal Ram Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Demographic Context

Rapid demographic change in the context of age structure and basic demographic indicators have created opportunity to accelerate economic growth and development in Nepal. At the time of favorable demographic context, it is required to qualify and mobilize currently existing large volume of active years population to fulfill the mission of sustained economic development. For this, it is necessary to invest on health, education, infrastructure along with creating employment opportunities but such opportunity period is missing out due low attention on social, economic, political and cultural sectors, which may misfortune for Nepal. Focusing on the key areas of economic take off in the declined fertility context, this paper reviews literature related to reaping demographic dividend. Based on secondary data from journal articles, census and Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) results, descriptive and content analysis method is applied. National Census data from Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) is taken as reference and some estimation from United Nations (UN) are also taken as requirement. To identify vital areas and situation to support economic take off and support to formulate and implement proper future population policy in Nepal are the main objectives of this article. Coping with socio-economic challenges need to focus on primary area of social development like education, productivity of labor, proper use of remittance to economic take off. Need to open gate for secondary demographic dividend with appropriate policy formulation in the recent context.

scholarly journals Assessing Comorbidity of Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years: Evidence From Kenya’s Demographic Health Survey 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272092519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mutuku Mulatya ◽  
Faith Wayua Mutuku
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Target Children ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Kenya is one among the 15 countries that account for three-quarters of the global mortality burden due to diarrhea and respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Comorbidity of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) can either be simultaneous (both occurring at the same time) or sequential (where the occurrence of one leads to the occurrence of the other. This study aimed to determine the shared risks that influence comorbidity of diarrhea and RTIs among Kenya’s children younger than 5 years. Methods: The study entailed an analysis of secondary data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (DHS) 2014 using STATA Corp 2010. Descriptive analysis of independent variables and logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors associated with comorbidity from diarrhea and ARI in children <5 years. Results: A total of 18 702 children <5 years were in the study out of whom 411 had comorbidity from diarrhea and ARI in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Comorbidity peaked at 6 to 11 months (4.6%). Child’s age between 6 and 11 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.02-5.99) and caregivers with incomplete primary education (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.11-2.50) were associated with higher odds of comorbidity from diarrhea and ARI. The main determinants associated with lower odds of combined morbidity from diarrhea and ARI were high wealth quintile (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39-0.85) and older aged caregivers (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23-0.95). However, we found no association between nutritional status of a child, sex, residence, exclusive breastfeeding between 0 and 6 months, and combined morbidity from diarrhea and ARI. Conclusion: Programs aimed at reducing comorbidity should target children between 6 and 11 months and deliberate emphasis should be placed on addressing barriers to wealth and caregivers’ education.

scholarly journals Modeling the predictors of stunting in Ethiopia: analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data (EDHS)

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayelom Gebrekirstos Mengesha ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Cindy Feng ◽  
Pammla Petrucka
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Obese Mother ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Background Despite continued efforts to address malnutrition, there is minimal reduction in the prevalence rates of stunting in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The association between nutritional and socioeconomic factors collected from a national survey in Ethiopia and stunting have not been rigorously analyzed. Therefore, this study aims to model the effect of nutritional and socioeconomic predictors using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 EDHS survey, which included 7909 children aged 6 to59 months. Descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage for categorical data and mean and standard deviation for metric data were conducted. Linearity, confounding, and multicollinearity were checked. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were carried out. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A receiver operative curve was built to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the model. Results The study identified that 39.2% of children included in this analysis were stunted. Furthermore, 76.47, 84.27, and 92.62% of the children did not consume fruits and vegetables, legumes and lentils, or meat and its products, respectively. Children aged 24 months to 59 months were found to be at 9.71 times higher risk of being stunted compared to their younger counterparts aged 6–24 months (AOR: 9.71; CI: 8.07, 11.6 children). Those children weighing below 9.1 kg were at 27.86 odds of being stunted compared to those weighing 23.3 kg and above. Moreover, mothers with a height below 150 cm (AOR: 2.01; CI: 1.76, 2.5), living in a rural area (AOR: 1.3, CI: 1.09, 1.54), and being male (AOR: 1.4; CI: 1.26, 1.56) were factors associated with stunting. The predictive ability of the model was 77%: if a pair of observations with stunted and non-stunted children were taken, the model correctly ranks 77% of such pair of observations. Conclusion The model indicates that being born male, being from a mother of short stature, living in rural areas, small child size, mother with mild anemia, father having no formal education or primary education only, having low child weight, and being 24–59 months of age increases the likelihood of stunting. On the other hand, being born of an overweight or obese mother decreases the likelihood of stunting.

Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
A Sinan Türkyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Low Levels

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies. 

scholarly journals Predictors of iron consumption for at least 90 days during pregnancy: Findings from National Demographic Health Survey, Pakistan (2017–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumera Aziz Ali ◽  
Savera Aziz Ali ◽  
Shama Razzaq ◽  
Nayab Khowaja ◽  
Sarah Gutkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Iron supplementation is considered an imperative strategy for anemia prevention and control during pregnancy in Pakistan. Although there is some evidence on the predictors of iron deficiency anemia among Pakistani women, there is a very limited understanding of factors associated with iron consumption among Pakistani pregnant women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the predictors of iron consumption for at least ≥90 days during pregnancy in Pakistan. Methods We analyzed dataset from the nationally representative Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018. The primary outcome of the current study was the consumption of iron supplementation for ≥90 days during the pregnancy of the last birth. Women who had last childbirth 5 years before the survey and who responded to the question of iron intake were included in the final analysis (n = 6370). We analyzed the data that accounted for complex sampling design by including clusters, strata, and sampling weights. Results Around 30% of the women reported consumed iron tablets for ≥90 days during their last pregnancy. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that factors such as women’s age (≥ 25 years) (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.42–1.62)], wealth index (rich/richest) (aPR = 1.25; [95% CI: 1.18–1.33]), primary education (aPR = 1.33; [95% CI: 1.24–1.43), secondary education (aPR = 1.34; [95% CI: 1.26–1.43), higher education (aPR = 2.13; [95% CI: 1.97–2.30), women’s say in choosing husband (aPR = 1.68; [95% CI: 1.57–1.80]), ≥ five antenatal care visits (aPR =2.65; [95% CI (2.43–2.89]), history of the last Caesarian-section (aPR = 1.29; [95% CI: 1.23–1.36]) were significantly associated with iron consumption for ≥90 days. Conclusion These findings demonstrate complex predictors of iron consumption during pregnancy in Pakistan. There is a need to increase the number of ANC visits and the government should take necessary steps to improve access to iron supplements by targeting disadvantaged and vulnerable women who are younger, less educated, poor, and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals KONDISI LINGKUNGAN, PERILAKU HIDUP SEHAT, DAN STATUS KESEHATAN BALITA DI INDONESIA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Sumini Sumini ◽  
Jevri Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Binary Regression ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
House Condition

This research aims to study the enviromental condition, healthy life behaviour of mothers and health status of children in Indonesia. This research uses secondary data analysis from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Three main indicators in here are the house condition which sourced from household quesionnaire, healthy life behaviour of mothers and health status of children which sourced from ever married women’s questionnaire. Data was processes and analyzed with desriptive statistic, inference and binary regression. One of the result is that some houses were in good condition although some still did not have latrine facility. Mothers also had performed a healthy life behaviour, such as washing hands before preparing food and did not smoke.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal, perilaku hidup sehat ibu, dan status kesehatan balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2007. Tiga indikator utama yang digunakan adalah kondisi tempat tinggal yang diambil dari daftar pertanyaan rumah tangga, perilaku hidup sehat ibu dan status kesehatan balita yang diambil dari daftar pertanyaan perempuan pernah kawin. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, inferensi, dan regresi binari. Salah satu hasil penelitian ini adalah kondisi tempat tinggal cukup baik walaupun ada yang belum memiliki jamban. Ibu pun terbiasa berperilaku sehat, seperti terbiasa mencuci tangan sebelum mengelola makanan dan tidak merokok.

scholarly journals New Design of Raskin Program (Analysis Implementation RASDA in Kulonprogo Regency)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Raden Rahman Asjhatri Fandaru
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group Target

This thesis is an analysis of public policies based on the research carried out about the implementation of RASDA Program (local rice husbandry) in Kulonprogo in 2015. It is claimed as a new alternative offered to replace the Government RASKIN Program that is already running. This research aimed in determining how effective the implementation of the RASDA Program in Kulonprogo was and identifying the factors that cause RASDA program did not run as the expectation. The method used in this study was a qualitative method using two types of data, primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation with informants selection technique using the principle of purposive and snowball techniques. The data analysis technique was done through data reduction, data display, and data verification.The results showed that efforts to renew the RASKIN Program (cheap-priced rice) through RASDA program were not successfully done. The achievement of program outputs and outcome indicators were still far away from the expectation. The progress was not significantly improved, it still encountered the same problems as those in the implementation of the previous RASKIN Program. Meanwhile, farmers did not have any benefits from the uptake of the local rice because it was not optimally prepared.There are several factors that cause RASDA Program in Kulonprogro did not run well. The first reason was that it is difficult to link the concept of the program with the actual situation, seen from: (1) the farmers as the program target still thought conservatively causing the loss of the benefits that will be gained from the RASDA Program; (2) the intervention of political elites in the process of policy formulation; (3) the limited authority of the local government in the National RASKIN Program; and (4) the incoherency among the needs for resources in the factual conditions. The second cause, the conflict of interest among the holders cause the program implementation did not synchronize to each other, as seen from: (1) their efforts to make RASDA program as a springboard for “other” purposes; (2) the bias support of BULOG; (3) the lack of enthusiasm and initiatives among the holders/bureaucracy; and (4) the entrepreneurs’ mindset of business that dominated farmers community. The third reason is that there was not awareness on the characteristics of the group target to anticipate problems that arise.Based on these findings, the researcher suggested the government to focus in optimizing the current mechanisms of the food subsidies. The government should also concern in looking for other alternatives to optimize the potential of the local foods. The government should also  do some efforts to gain the welfare for farmers, by: (1) reconstructing values and norms in terms of social rules to support the program with the intensive socialization; (2) allocating the budget the APBD for the procurement of subsidized rice for poor households who are not registered; (3) monitoring the program up to the lowest level intensively; (4) encouraging small entrepreneurs to become BULOG’s partners to seek an access to the Capital; (5) maintaining fair competition among rice traders; (6) conducting studies on the possibility of establishing a integrated rice husbandry regional company; (7) encouraging the local rice branding.

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