Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
A Sinan Türkyılmaz

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies. 

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Asma' Rashidah Idris ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Ranjanee Kaliappan

This study investigates the effect of fertility on financial stability and its determinant particularly therelevance of demographic changes. This is motivated by the huge impact of demographic changes(increasing ageing population and low fertility level). Population ageing and low fertility tend to lowerboth labour- force participation and saving rates (change bank business model), thereby raising concernson a future slowing economic growth and financial instability. The system GMM results show that thefertility level somehow acts as a buffer and reflects to the degree of stability to the financial system. Anincrease in fertility and old-age population will contribute to lowering the financial stability. As a matterof policy implication, the nations, financial sectors, and economies should take pro-active active stepsand enhance policies in handling the inter-related issue of the ageing population, decreasing fertility, andfinancial stability especially in developed countries, but not necessarily to overlook the impact of theissues in developing countries. Keywords: Demographic change, old-age population, fertility, financial stability


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Kewal Ram Parajuli

Population policy plays a significant role for the desired demographic and social outcome of a nation with aims of social welfare and progress. Basically, anti-natalist and pronatalist policies are adopted to influence fertility. Family planning programs and policies have been initiated with the aim of population management in Nepal but concentrated on fertility reduction in a later period, the continuation of such policies and rapid decreasing of fertility may create tribulation in future as developed countries with having a condition of depopulation. This paper attempts to analyze content related to fertility and family planning policies and activities thoroughly and the level, trend, and projection of fertility and family planning with the objective of finding future implications. Findings suggest that it should focused on population responsive policies, quality life of people, utilization of demographic dividends mostly on population management rather than anti-natalist population policy. Since a long time, Nepal has adopted the Anti-natalist population policy, which should be rethought for the sustainability of development and population management. Fertility, a major process of population increase, Basically, determined by many biological, sociocultural, economic, geographical factors, can’t increase as the nation’s desire and need. So, need to pay attention to prevent depopulation status.


2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
M. F. Ismagilov

At the turn of the second and third millennia, one of the main health problems was acute cerebrovascular accident - cerebral stroke (CS), which is the second leading cause of death in the industrially developed countries of the world and the main cause of disability in the adult population of the most working age. The social costs associated with the cost of treating stroke patients are a major source of depletion of scarce health resources in every country.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong An ◽  
Yilin Hou

Abstract We take advantage of China’s relaxation in January 2014 of its “one-child” family planning policy to study the causal relationship between expected future demographic changes and firms’ stock returns. We use an event study method as our identification strategy and employ data from Chinese stock markets to implement the analysis. We find consistent evidence suggesting that expected demographic changes exert statistically and economically significant effects on firms’ stock returns. We address four potential threats about the validity of our empirical design and argue that our conclusion is not China-specific, but a generic lesson portable to developed countries.


Author(s):  
Maria Vikhoreva ◽  
Nina Yаkovleva

The demographic crisis in recent decades is one of the most acute problems in Russia and it poses a significant threat to the economic security of Siberian regions. Here the natural population decline is combined with intensive migration outflows. The decrease in the working-age population directly affects the economic indicators of the regions. The analysis of modern methods for assessing the economic security of regions showed insufficient attention on the part of researchers to demographic indicators. The article examines the economic security of the Irkutsk region from the point of view of assessing the social component, or rather the demographic indicators, it also identifies the main trends and current reasons for the decline in population. The authors pay special attention to the study of the nature, causes and consequences of migration. The correlation interdependence of the gross regional product and the demographic indicators is calculated. A forecast of the state of economic security of the Irkutsk region based on the indicated demographic trends is made.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zawadzki

As a result of the social and demographic changes, including the ageing population, expansion of higher education and growing wealth, the higher voter turnout in the parliamentary elections may be expected in the future. Although since 1989 the core variables determining the electoral participation, which are sex, educational level, income, professional status, place of residence, frequency of religious practices have still been the same, the voters’ profiles reveal that the relationships between them are changing. Compared to the previous years, different variables are gaining significance. Education is becoming less important, whereas the role of the financial situation as a factor contributing to the voter turnout is increasing. However, the change of the voters’ profile does not lead to marginalization of groups who usually take part in elections less frequently. The differentiation in the impact on the choice of parliamentary representatives, measured by the concentration ratios, is weakening. The reasons can be sought not only in the voting habit being established, but also in the social and demographic changes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (56) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Beatriz Pérez Sánchez

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Investigar el comportamiento de la población a través del estudio de los índices demográficos, entre 1940 y 2010, las políticas de población y su relación con la economía de Tabasco. Material y método: Con base en los resultados de los Censos de Población y Vivienda del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), el Programa Nacional de Población 2007-2012 y la información bibliográfica de la economía de Tabasco, se utilizaron los métodos:1) estadístico, 2) histórico, 3) comparativo y 4) analítico. El primero, en la consulta y procesamiento de datos estadísticos; el segundo y tercero dan mayor peso al origen histórico y comparativo para conocer los patrones demográficos; y cuarto, atiende las políticas económicas que explican el cambio en la estructura poblacional del Estado. Resultados: En el siglo XX, la demografía tabasqueña experimentó cambios transcendentales, observándose al principio del siglo, tasas reducidas de crecimiento, crecientes y elevadas durante los cincuenta años posteriores, y con tendencia decreciente en los años setenta, cuando se comienza a regular a nivel nacional el crecimiento demográfico con la creación del Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO) en 1974. Entre 1970 y 1980 la población aumentó en un 23. 6 %; es decir, pasó de 811, 114 habitantes en 1970 a 1, 062, 961 en 1980, a causa de la migración interestatal ocasionada por los yacimientos petroleros, el mejoramiento en las vías de comunicación y la integración del estado en el mercado nacional. Conclusiones: En función de las políticas de población en los últimos cincuenta años, las tasas de crecimiento de Tabasco indican un claro retroceso, en los cincuenta se inició con una tasa de 4.47% y esta tendencia alcanzó su nivel más bajo en el año 2010 con un 2.77%. Los esfuerzos de las políticas de población se dirigen a impulsar la desaceleración del ritmo de crecimiento y promover la distribución territorial de la población de acuerdo con las potencialidades de desarrollo económico. El Estado a través de la política económica, privilegió las inversiones federales en las presas de Chiapas que se manejaron desde Tabasco, las inversiones de la Alianza para el Progreso que se realizaron en los Planes Chontalpa y Balancán- Tenosique, la infraestructura carretera del Golfo, los apoyos para la producción pecuaria, coprera y cacaotera y el desarrollo de la industria petrolera. ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the behavior of the population through the study of the demographic indicators, between 1940 and 2010, the population policy and its relation to the economy of Tabasco. Material and method: Based on the results of the Population and Housing Censuses of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the National Population Program 2007-2012, and bibliographic information for the economy of Tabasco methods were used:1) statistical, 2) historical, 3) comparative and 4) analytical. The first in the query and processing of statistical data. The second and third give greater weight to the historical origins and comparative to know the demographic patterns, and fourth attends the economic policies that explain the change in the population structure of the state. Results: In the twentieth century, the demography in Tabasco experienced momentous changes, observed at the beginning of the century, reduced rates of growth; growing and high during the fifty years later, and with a decreasing trend in the seventies, when it begins to regulate at the national level population growth with the creation of the National Population Council (CONAPO) in 1974. Between 1970 and 1980 the population increased at a 23 percent, i.e. step of 811, 114 inhabitants in 1970 to 1, 062, 961 in 1980, because of the interstate migration caused by oil deposits, the improvement in the way of communication and the integration of the state in the national market. Conclusions: depending on population policies in the past fifty years, the growth rates of Tabasco indicate a clear step backwards, in the fifties began with a rate of 4.47 % and this trend reached its lowest level in the year 2010 with a 2.77 % .The efforts of population policies are directed to promote the slowdown in the pace of growth, and promote the territorial distribution of the population in accordance with the potential for economic development. The State through economic policy privilege the federal investments in the dams of Chiapas that were handled from Tabasco, the investments of the Alliance for Progress made in the Plans and constructed from Balancán Chontalpa-Tenosique, the highway infrastructure of the Gulf, the bearings for livestock production, coprera and cocoa and the development of the oil industry.


Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.


Author(s):  
Roman Fedorov

The article is devoted to the problem of the social state as one of the fundamental constitutional principles of the state structure of modern developed countries. The course of historical development of philosophical and legal thought on this problem is considered. The idea of a close connection between the concept of the social state and the ideas of utopian socialism of Thomas More and Henri Saint-Simon is put forward. Liberals also made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of the social state, they argued that the ratio of equality and freedom is a key problem for the classical liberal doctrine. It is concluded that the emergence of the theory of the social state for objective reasons was inevitable, since it is due to the historical development of society.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Kusnanto Anggoro

In a decade of reform, several changes had been occurred. Some adjustments could be considered as a success, while others potentially could trigger conflicts. Historical conflict remnants in Indonesia were hard to restrain. Hence, national integration remains crucial in the foreseeable future. Local autonomy could be an avenue to resolve the problem of national integration in a particular context. However, local autonomy could result in the reverse end. In the midst of conflict pattern change and development over the last decade, bureaucracy (local and national) has to be able to foresee any sign of conflict (early warning) in order to be able to anticipate. Conflict recognition could be observed through various indications, ranging from demographic changes, deterioration of the social-economic situation, and/or cultural tensions. Failure to do corrective action on such deviation would lead to a greater risk of conflict occurrence.


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