scholarly journals Implications of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients Presenting with Non-Traumatic Acute Abdominal Pain in a Tertiary Hospital of Mid-Western Region of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Prasanna Ghimire ◽  
Nabin Paudel ◽  
Dwight Koirala ◽  
Bhuwaneshwar Prasad Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Acute abdomen is the most common condition for patients presenting in the emergency. Ultrasound among other imaging modalities is the most common diagnostic tool employed in the diagnosis of such cases.Methods: A prospective study of consecutive patients presenting with acute abdomen fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Ultrasound was performed by single radiologist and findings were correlated to the clinical, pathological and surgical findings.Results: A total of 248 patients fulfilled all criteria and were included in the study. The age of patients ranged from 15-62 years with mean age of 41.3 years. There was female predominance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.8. Ultrasound accurately diagnosed 233 cases (93.9 %). Urolithiasis was the most common finding (45.16%) followed by acute appendicitis (19.35%).Conclusion: Ultrasound has pivotal role in the diagnosis and overall management of patient presenting with acute abdomen. Urolithiasis is the most common etiology for non- traumatic acute abdomen.

scholarly journals Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
CC Nwafor ◽  
K Obioha ◽  
TO Akhiwu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria

scholarly journals Ethambutol Pharmacokinetic Variability Is Linked to Body Mass in Overweight, Obese, and Extremely Obese People

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1502-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Hall ◽  
Mark A. Swancutt ◽  
Claudia Meek ◽  
Richard D. Leff ◽  
Tawanda Gumbo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACTWe conducted a prospective study of 18 adult volunteers (male-to-female ratio of 1) whose body mass index fell into categories of <25, 25 to 40, or >40 kg/m2, who received a single oral dose of 1,600 mg ethambutol. Only individuals with normal renal function were recruited. The minimum body mass (M) was 45.6 kg, the median was 90.8 kg, and the maximum weight was 160.4 kg. Ethambutol pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model. Inclusion of weight as a covariate dramatically improved the model, with a relative likelihood approaching infinity. The typical clearance was 42.6 liters/h. Ethambutol systemic clearance was proportional to (M/45.6)3/4and thus obeyed fractal geometry-based laws. This means that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) actually decreased for obese patients compared to that for leaner patients, reducing chances of concentration-dependent toxicity. On the other hand, such reduced AUCs could lead to therapy failure. Thus, new and individualized ethambutol dosing regimens need to be designed for obese and extremely obese patients.

scholarly journals TYPHOID FEVER WITH JAUNDICE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Anjum ◽  
Hafizullah Khan ◽  
Syed Humayun Shah
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
System Disorder ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Study Setting

Typhoid fever is a systemic infection which is caused by Samonella entericaserotype typhi. It is a multi-system disorder involving many organs including liver. Liverinvolvement could be in the form of jaundice, rise in liver enzymes or hepatomegaly. It canpresent as acute hepatitis in rare cases, called typhoid hepatitis. Objectives: This study wascarried out to study the association of typhoid fever in patients with jaundice. To determinethe frequency of typhoid fever among patients presenting with jaundice. Design: Descriptivecross sectional study Setting: at Gastroenterology Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad,Period: March 2011 to December 2011. Methods: Total 115 patients were included in thestudy based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Typhidot IgM test was performed to confirmthe diagnosis of typhoid fever. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.5 ± 10.14 years,with 54.8% male gender predominating the overall sample. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1.Typhoid fever was found in 22 (19.1%) out of 115 patients with jaundice and there were 68.2%were males and 31.8% were females. Conclusions: Typhoid fever is not rare to present asjaundice in our part of the world where typhoid fever is endemic. Therefore, all those patientswho have fever, jaundice, abnormal liver function tests or hepatomegaly must be screened fortyphoid fever especially in areas where typhoid fever is endemic.

scholarly journals A prospective study on morphological alteration of megakaryocytes amongst megaloblastic anemia cases along with their clinic-haematological manifestations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4127
Author(s):  
Benazeer Mansuri ◽  
Komal P. Thekdi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Megaloblastic anemias are hematologic disorders in which abnormal DNA synthesis causes blood and bone marrow disorders. The cause of thrombocytopenia in megaloblastic anemia has been postulated as hypoproduction in some studies, whereas ineffective thrombopoeisis has been proposed in other. Objective was to study spectrum of clinic-hematological features in megaloblastic anemia and comparative bone marrow aspiration study of thrombocytopenia secondary to megaloblastic anemia, hypoproduction and hyper-destruction. This study was done to understand the various megakaryocytic alterations in hematological disorders presenting with thrombocytopenia due to different mechanisms.Methods: Total 85 cases of thrombocytopenia included in the study. Bone marrow finding in 33 cases of thrombocytopenia of megaloblastic etiology were compared with 34 cases of marrow proven hypo productive thrombocytopenia (aplastic anemia, acute leukemia) and 19 cases of hyper destructive thrombocytopenia (immune thrombocytopenia).Results: Most common age group presenting megaloblastic anemia is 11-20 year, with male to female ratio is1.2:1, most common complaint were generalized weakness and fever. In megaloblastic anemia 24.33%, 60% and 15.67% of the cases shows increase, decrease and normal megakaryocytes respectively. Dysplastic megakaryocytes were observed in 24.3%, 27% and 20.5% of the cases of megaloblastic anemia, acute leukaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura respectively.Conclusions: Both hypoproduction and ineffective thrombopoiesis are the underlying path mechanisms in megaloblastic thrombocytopenia as evidenced by the marrow findings. We hereby infer that megaloblastic thrombocytopenia is to be included as a separate category apart from hypo proliferative and hyper destructive groups. The presence of dysplastic megakaryocyte should not prompt an interpretation

Urgent surgery – the role of computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
A. V. Arablinskiy ◽  
V. B. Rumer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Hollow Viscus ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction.Acute abdomen is a complex condition that demands urgent diagnostics and treatment.The proposeof the study based on data we got in the Radiology Department of S.P. Botkin Municipal Clinical Hospital is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in acute abdomen diagnostics.Materials and methods. 637 acute abdomen patient`s data were retrospectively analyzed, provided in the term from January 2017 to January 2018. The average age was 53 years old, from 18 to 98 y.o. Male to female ratio was 1:1,51, male – 383, female – 254. Inclusion criteria was acute abdomen clinical presentation.Results.The most frequently seen conditions were ileus – 226 cases (35.5%), acute pancreatitis/pancreonecrosis – 185 cases (29%), ureteral occlusion with stones – 83 cases (13%), blunt abdominal trauma – 57 cases (9%), renal abscesses and inflammation diseases – 56 cases (9%). Liver abscesses – 13 cases (2%), mesenteric ischemia – 10 cases (1.5%), acute appendicitis – 4 (0,5%), aortic dissection – 2 cases (0,3%), hollow viscus perforation – 1 case (0.2%).Conclusion.CT with high accuracy and in a short time identify the reason of acute abdomen in all shown cases that highly improve the quality of medical management.

PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BODY FLUIDS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTH INDIA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Earla Lakshmi Bai ◽  
Buddaiahgari Swathi ◽  
Siva Chaithanya Bangi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

Body cavities uid analysis is done routinely in both clinical pathology and cytology departments of Pathological laboratory. Any imbalance between uid 1. formation and removal leads to effusion, as stated by Starling's law The peritoneal, pleural, cerebrospinal and pericardial uids comprise the major chunk of 2 body uids . Accumulation of uid in various body cavities can occur in vast range of benign conditions and it also a frequent clinical presentation and complication of malignant disorder. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Osmania general hospital Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during January 2020 to December 2020 and analyzed 880 uid samples collected from patients for cell count and cytology. The data collected was tabulated using Microsoft excel and analyzed using standard statistical tools. RESULTS -Of total 880 uids analyzed peritoneal uid (42%) constitutes the major type of uid sent frequently for analysis followed by cerebrospinal uid (41%) with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. 62.7% of uids had clear gross appearance . Of total 880 uid samples analyzed 649 samples (73.7%) had shown lymphocyte predominance. Of total 880 uids samples analyzed 9 samples (1%) were found positive for atypical cells, conrmed on cytology suggesting there malignant origin. CONCLUSION: uid aspiration from body cavities constitutes one of the common day care procedures for clinicians. Effusion uid analysis is key in delineating the background cause in the patient ranging from reactive, inammatory and malignant conditions. Fluid cell count coupled by cytological analysis of uids in pathology laboratory is a time tested tool having good sensitivity and specicity when interpreted along with biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Postoperative Sepsis Among HIV-Positive Patients with Acute Abdomen at Tertiary Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdullahi Awale ◽  
Timothy Makumbi ◽  
Gideon Rukundo ◽  
Gideon K. Kurigamba ◽  
Geoffrey Kisuze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
A Prospective Study

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS: COMPARISON WITH PER-OPERATIVE FINDINGS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL REPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Sasmita Parida ◽  
Bibekananda Nayak ◽  
Jayashree Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Bowel Loop ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathological Results ◽  
Male To Female

  Objective: This study was under taken to compare the ultrasonographic findings with pre-operative findings and histo-pathological report and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: It was a prospective study done in the department of radio-diagnosis, SCBMCH, Cuttack. Patients with provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis were subjected to ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis. Patients with positive USG findings were followed up for pre-operative findings and histo-pathological results. All the obtained data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Among the 100 cases studied, 77 cases were proved as acute appendicitis based on surgical and histopathological results. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The disease was found to be more prevalent in second and third decade of life. Location of affected appendix was most commonly retro caecal. Mean diameter of the appendix was 8.56 mm. Target sign and non-compressible bowel loop was the most commonly detected ultrasonographic sign and the ultrasonographic sensitivity was 96.1% and specificity was 95.65% in our study.Conclusion: High resolution sonography with graded compression is a very useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis of appendicitis in problematic cases and in women in their reproductive period. It is also helpful in detecting complications of appendicitis and other abdominal diseases that mimic acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals Obstructive Neoplastic Anuria Overview at Ibn Rochd University Hospital–A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussaab Rachid ◽  
Youness Chakir ◽  
Mahdi Graiouid ◽  
Mahmoud Alafifi ◽  
Mohammed Dakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrostomy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pelvic Tumors ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Obstructive Anuria ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction : Obstructive anuria due to pelvic cancers is the most common obstructive anuria in our context, its diagnosis is easy, but it causes a lot of morbidity with often heavy and long management.                                      Materials and methods : This is a retrospective study containing 40 cases of confirmed neoplastic anuria treated in the urology department at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca Morocco between January 2016 and October 2018. Purpose : The aim of our study was to establish the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and natural historyin patients with neoplastic obstructive anuria. Results : The mean age was 56 years old with a notable female predominance. The male to female ratio was 0.6. Sixty percent (60%) of our patients were consulted within24 hours after the onset of anuria, the main symptoms preceding or accompanying anuria were lower back pain (75%) and hematuria (37.5%). Criteria for a positive diagnosis included urinary retention with complete absence of diuresis, the anuria was confirmed by probing or ultrasound, dilation of the urinary excretory system on ultrasound and acute impairment of renal function. To prevent patient from going into metabolic disorders, hemodialysis was performed in 27 patients (67.5%). Internal diversion of urine by mounting a JJ catheter was initially attempted in 40% of the cases. In case of attempt failure, or in case of locally advanced pelvic tumors, percutaneous nephrostomy was performed with a success rate of 100%. Upon follow up for 30 months, mortality rate was 5% (n=2), 95% of the patients benefited from a specialized follow-up for their etiological neoplasm.  Conclusion : The management of neoplastic obstructive anuria must be rapid, the type of urinary diversion is chosen according to the clinical presentation and the technical platform available.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Periodontitis among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
Sweta Shrestha ◽  
Shaili Pradhan ◽  
Binod Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Host Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis and Periodontitis both are chronic destructive inflammatory disorders characterized by dysregulation of the host inflammatory response and increase in localized and systemically circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of periodontitis among Rheumatoid Arthritis patients in our setup.Methods: A crossectional study was done in 43 cases of diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis patients visiting to department of Orthopedics of Bir Hospital during the period of July 2016 to January 2017 were examined for presence of periodontitis and its severity. A descriptive questionnaire was also prepared concerning age, sex, personal history. Parameters to be measured were Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level.Results: Prevalence of periodontitis among Rheumatoid Arthritis patients was found to be 86.04% (37) with Mild periodontitis in 9%(4), Moderate periodontitis 56% (24)and severe periodontitis in 21% (9). The commonest age group was 50.41±9. with male to female ratio of 1:3Conclusions: Periodontitis was common in Rheumatoid Arthritis in our set up. Moderate periodontitis was more frequent. Periodic oral examination of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis is required to improve periodontal health.Keywords: Host response; inflammation; periodontal pocket depth; periodontitis; pgingivalis rheumatoid arthritis.

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