Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Assessment of Five Medicinal Plants Found in Terai Region

Crude petroleum ether and methanol extracts of different parts of five medicinal plants collected from Terai region, namely, Asparagus racemosus, Catharanthus roseus, Hedychium coronarium, Mimosa pudica and Terminalia chebula were examined for their antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsella spp., Salmonella paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. From the obtained growth curves of methanol extract of Terminalia chebula and petroleum ether and methanol extracts of Hedychium coronarium, it can be said these extracts have relatively high bacteriostatic property than other plant extracts. Similarly, the zone of inhibitions observed during antifungal assay by methanol extract of Terminalia chebula against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. are comparable to that of Itraconazole (antifungal drug). It shows that Terminalia chebula has fungistatic property. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 79-86 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7718

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Assessment of Microplastic Degrading Potential of Fungal Isolates from an Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2021/v9i230204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Janet Olufunmilayo Williams ◽

Nosayame Thomas Osahon

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Future Research ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Tremendous Importance ◽

Rivers State ◽

Penicillium Spp

The potential of fungi as bio degraders of micro plastic particles was assessed using standard microbiological and Fourier transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis methods. The highest mean Total Heterotrophic fungal (THF) count of 4.24x104 cfu/ml was obtained with the least THF (2.72x104 cfu/ml) recorded during the dry season. Mean hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungal (HUF) count was highest (1.78x104 cfu/ml) during the wet period while the least HUF count (1.46x104 cfu/ml) was recorded during the dry period. Spectra of FTIR showed that the water contained microplastic particles in these proportions; polyethylene of low density (LDPE) 0.01%, 0.11% protein, 0.15% polystyrene, 0.37% polyamide, 1.14% cellulose, 1.21% polyurethane, 1.90% polyvinyl chloride, 3.11% polyester and 92% polypropylene, respectively. Species of fungi identified were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus nidulans, Fusarium spp., Microsporum canis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among the fungal isolates, A. niger and A. fumigatus were most active in degrading the micro plastic (polypropylene) with mean % weight loss of 71.09% and 53.09%, respectively while the least active was Penicillium spp. with a mean % weight loss of 28.64% during the study period. The order of degradation was Aspergillus niger > A. fumigatus > A. nidulans > Fusarium spp. > Rhizopus spp. > Microsporum canis > Mucor spp. > Penicillium spp. The potential to degrade micro plastic particles by these fungi can be harnessed. The foremost active fungi degrading potentials are as follows: A. niger (71.1%) and A. fumigatus (53.1%). The study has shown that isolates of fungi from Ohiakwu River in Nigeria possess the ability to degrade micro plastic (polypropylene) particles. Therefore, this research is of tremendous importance for industrial development and additionally for future research purposes.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ORCHID CALANTHE MASUCA (D.DON) LINDL

10.36106/6900271 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

V. Nandagopalan ◽

D. Kavitha

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Wide Range

Calanthe masuca (D.Done) Lindl is a potential medicinal plant of terrestrial orchids. Tribal peoples were used the plants for therapeutic purpose. The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Calanthe masuca in leaf extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the presence of bioactive substance in leaf extract was found that Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Phenol, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids, Terpenoids, Carboxcylic acid, Glycoside and Mucilage. Antimicrobial activity by Agar well diffusion method again six pathogenic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in fungi by using different solvent such as Aqueous, Methanol and Petroleum ether. It was observered that Methanol extract showed highest activity against the pathogen such as S.aureus (13.5 mm), B.subtilis (12.4 mm), E.coli (12.5 mm) and P.aeruginosa (13.0 mm) and then followed by the Aqueous extract and low activity showed in petroleum ether extract. The methanol extract showed signicant Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (14.0mm) and Candida albicans (13.0 mm) with higher concentration and Petroleum ether extract showed lower activity in fungi. The capacity of the crude concentrates of Calanthe masuca to suppress the development of microorganism which means that it has a wide range of antimicrobial potential utilized for various cures.

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An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

MS Islam ◽

MZ Alam ◽

M Ashrafuzzaman

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Fungal Flora ◽

Poultry Feeds ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

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Study of fungical conjunctival microbiota of students from the Health Sciences area of the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA.

Cadernos UniFOA ◽

10.47385/cadunifoa.v2i3.867 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Aurilio Garcia ◽

Jobson Bortot ◽

Marco Antônio Ferraz ◽

Lívia Mota ◽

Tassius Borsatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽

Penicillium Spp

Os autores avaliaram o perfil da microbiota conjuntival fúngica de estudantes da área das Ciências da Saúde do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda – UniFOA. Foram estudados 200 acadêmicos, sendo 100 pertencentes ao ciclo básico, com restrição ao ambiente hospitalar, e 100 do ciclo clínico, com efetivo contato. O material foi coletado do saco conjuntival e semeado em meio de cultura Sabouraud-dextrose-agar, e mantido em temperatura ambiente.As culturas foram positivas em 26 alunos, correspondendo a 13% do total examinado. Foram isolados os seguintes fungos: 7 (26,92%) Candida albicans, 5 (19,23%) Rhodotorula spp., 6 (23,07%) Penicillium spp., 3 (11,53%) Aspergillus niger, 3 (11,53%) Fusarium spp., e 2 (7,69%) Aspergillus fumigatus. Este resultado é compatível com a maioria dos estudos anteriores realizados por outros autores.

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Study of fungical conjunctival microbiota of students from the Health Sciences area of the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA.

Cadernos UniFOA ◽

10.47385/cadunifoa.v2.n3.867 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

Aurilio Garcia ◽

Jobson Bortot ◽

Marco Antônio Ferraz ◽

Lívia Mota ◽

Tassius Borsatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽

Penicillium Spp

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Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants against pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2020.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 130-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ndivhuwo Patience Nthulane ◽

Salerwe Mosebi ◽

Thilivhali Emmanuel Tshikalange ◽

Monde Alfred Nyila ◽

Ledile Thabitha Mankga

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Introduction: Worldwide, more than one million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired daily. The diversity and frequency of sexual infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms have increased thus becoming a major cause of illness and mortality amongst young adults. Medicinal plants have been good remedies for the treatment of STIs since ancient times. In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial, anti- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-inflammatory activities of five selected medicinal plants. Methods: We determined the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against the bacteria causing common STIs. Then, the anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and we further investigated the plants extracts of anti-HIV activities against the recombinant HIV-1 enzyme, reverse transcriptase. Results: Methanol extract of Terminalia sericea and dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Bidens pilosa exhibited good activities against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Gardnerella vaginalis. Ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Bidens pilosa exhibited good activities against Candida albicans. Ethyl acetate extract of K. africana and methanol extract of B. pilosa showed good anti-inflammatory activities. Ethyl acetate, DCM and methanol extracts of T. sericea exhibited promising anti-HIV-1 activities by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase whilst methanol extracts of T. dregeana showed low anti-HIV-1 activity. Conclusion: These plants showed promising activity against the propagation of inflammation, displayed good antimicrobial activities against the bacteria causing STIs and could be used as potential leads and/or source for new drug candidates.

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Microbiological Quality of Various Medicinal Herbal Teas and Coffee Substitutes

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.4137/mbi.s943 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. MBI.S943 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V.H. Tournas ◽

E.J. Katsoudas

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Fungal Contamination ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Herbal Tea ◽

Mesophilic Bacteria ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Penicillium Spp

Various herbal teas including German chamomile, Chrysanthemum Vascuflow herb tea, hop, jasmine and orange flowers, sweet marjoram, spearmint and thyme leaves, and papaya-mint tea as well as coffee substitutes (Bambu instant Swiss, Teeccino chocolate-mint, and Teeccino Mediterranean Espresso) were analyzed for fungal contamination and the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (APC). The results of this investigation showed that fungal counts reached levels as high as 5.8 × 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram. German chamomile harbored the highest fungal contamination. The most common fungi found in herbal teas were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Eurotium rubrum, E. chevalieri, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, and yeasts. Among the coffee substitutes, only the chocolate-mint coffee was contaminated with low numbers (<1.0 × 103 cfu g-1) of E. rubrum, Ulocladium spp. and Phoma spp., and with yeasts (< 100–6.8 × 103 cfu g-1). Aerobic mesophilic bacteria were recovered from 100% of the herbal tea, chocolate-mint and Mediterranean Espresso, and from 50% of the Bambu instant Swiss coffee samples. The highest APC counts of 1.2 × 107 cfu g-1 were observed in spearmint leaves.

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Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Activities of Root Bark of Calotropis gigantea

Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2187 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 38-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Rowshanul Habib ◽

M Ashraful Alam ◽

MA Haque ◽

Farjana Nikkon ◽

M Rezaul Karim

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Root Bark ◽

Calotropis Gigantea ◽

Penicillium Sp

In this study, methanol extract from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea L. and its petroleum ether (40°C-60°C), chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina, Leach) and for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp and Trichoderma harzianum. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening showed that methanol extract and its different fractions contained different type compounds such as steroid, terpene, glycoside, heterocyclic and flavonoid. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it was found that chloroform fraction was highly cytotoxic (LD50 14.72 μg/ml) among the tested samples. Though methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have no activity against all the tested fungi but petroleum ether and chloroform fractions showed potent activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, respectively, in antifungal activity test. Key words: Calotropis gigantea; Methanol extract; Antifungal activity; Cytotoxicty.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2187Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 38-41

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Mycofloral study of cultivated maize seed in district Poonch Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Plant Protection ◽

10.33804/pp.004.01.3249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehr -un-Nisa ◽

Mussadiq Hussain ◽

Basharat Mehmood ◽

Muhammad Tariq-Khan ◽

Hafiz Matee Rehman

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Blotter Paper ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Paper Method

The current study was carried out on the prevalence of mycoflora associated with maize seeds using blotter paper method. Maize seed samples were collected from six different locations of district Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Objective of this study was to determine the fungi associated with maize seeds. A total of seven species of fungi were isolated. Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp., were identified. Davigali had the infection percentage of 72 % in all locations. Occurrence frequency and type of fungi isolated varied with location. Prevalence of pathogenic fungi with maize seeds of district Poonch was found variable. Resistant varieties of maize, maintaining temperature, relative humidity and their treatment is suggested to reduce disease and increase yield.

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Isolation of Keratinophilic Fungi from Soil in Khairpur City, Sindh, Pakistan

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1246 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 79-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irshad Hussain Soomro ◽

Yasmeen Faiz Kazi ◽

Miandad Zardari ◽

Abdul Hussain Shar

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Farm Land ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Eleven Species

One hundred and twenty five soil samples were collected from five areas in the vicinity of Khairpur city, Sindh, Pakistan and screened for the presence of keratinophilic fungi by using hair bait technique. A total 253 isolates belonged to eight genera and eleven species of keratinophilic fungi were recovered. Maximum number (153/253, 60.5%) of keratinophilic fungi was recovered from farm land and poultry soils. Aspergillus niger was most prevalent species and represented 20.2% of the total number isolated. A. flavus and A. fumigatus were almost equal in their prevalence and represented 11.9 and 11.1%, respectively. Botrytis cinaria comes next constituting 9.9%; followed by Mucor spp. (9.1%) and Chochliobolus lunatus (8.3%). Other species isolated less frequently included Chrysosporum asperatum (5.9%), Fusarium spp. (5.1%), Penicillium spp. (3.1%) and A. wentii (2.4%). The distribution pattern of the different keratinophilic fungi and their significance are discussed.Keywords: Keratinophilic fungi, Prevalence, Keratinase, Hair bait techniqueDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1246 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 79

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