scholarly journals Susceptibility Pattern of Gram Negative Urine Pathogens with Exclusion of Escherichia coli to Quinolone/ Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Bharat Sapkota ◽  
Ram Krishna Bhandari ◽  
Bishnu Raj Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Group

Quinolone/Fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Because of high frequency of Gram negative bacterial infection in UTI and emerging resistant urinary pathogen in spite of lower prevalence with exclusion of Escherichia coli, the susceptibility pattern was subjected in this study. The study was conducted at National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) Teku, Kathmandu with an objective to study the antibiotic Quinolone/Fluoroquinolones susceptibility pattern. Out of 550 urine samples, 100 (18.18%) bacteria were isolated from NPHL. Also, 69 isolates from Blue-Cross Hospital and 83 isolates from Medicare Hospital were collected. Altogether 252 urine isolates, showing significant growth in MacConkey Agar and blood agar were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Among 62 Gram negative isolates other than Escherichia coli subjected for the study; Proteus mirabilis (27.42%), Proteus vulgaris (11.29%), Klebsiella oxytoca (12.90%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.75%), Citrobacter freundii (8.06%), Enteribacter cloaecae (6.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.90%), Acinetobacter spp. (3.23%). Altogether eight types of antibiotics belonging to quinolone/fluoroquinolone group were used in this study. Among them, norfloxacin was found most sensitive and nalidixic acid was most resistant against Gram negative isolates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12119Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 77-84

scholarly journals UROPATHOGENS: ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Harit Kumar ◽  
Nitin Goel Insan ◽  
Shubham Chauhan ◽  
Varsha A Singh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objective: To find the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens. Methods: A total of 100 urine samples of clinically suspected urinary tract infection were collected from May 2016 to July 2016. The samples were inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Results: A total of 77 (77%) samples were positive showing microbial growth. Among all isolates, Escherichia coli was 36.36%, followed by Klebsiella spp. (35.06%), Citrobacter spp. (6.49%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.49%), Pseudomonas spp. (5.19%), Enterococcus faecalis (3.90%), and Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). For Gram-positive isolates, the most effective antibiotic was nitrofurantoin followed by sulphafurazole. For Gram-negative isolates, the most effective antibiotic was nitrofurantoin followed by gentamicin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusion: In this study, nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive and Gram-negative uropathogens

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Burn Patients and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of their Wound Isolates at Nepal Cleft and Burn Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Apar Lamichhane ◽  
Kiran Kishor Nakarmi ◽  
Peeyush Dahal ◽  
Surendra Jung Basnet ◽  
Pashupati Babu Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Burn infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. The infectious agent could be both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The aim of this research was to study the bacteriological profile of burn patients and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of their wound isolates.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal from January 1st to March 31st 2019. A total of 109 burn patients were included and their wound swabs were collected at the time of admission. All isolates were identified by standardized microbiological procedures. Anti-microbial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Of 109 burn wound samples, 56 (59%) yielded culture growth and the Gram negative isolates were more common than Gram positives (77% vs. 23%). The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella spp. (25%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (21%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%). Most burn wound isolates were of resistant strain. Particularly, highly resistant strain of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated, most of which were sensitive to Tigecycline, Polymyxin B and Colistin only. Conclusion : Gram negative isolates were common in burn wound isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was different for different organisms. The use of antimicrobials should be judicious to further not escalate the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the healthcare settings.  

scholarly journals Bacteriological Study of Wound Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
R KC ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
VK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Staph Aureus

Wound infections result in sepsis, limb loss, long hospital stays, higher costs, and are responsible for significant human mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the causative organisms of wound infection, to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates and to study the risk factors for wound infection. The study was conducted for six months in which pus specimens collected from 244 patients were processed to investigate etiological agents using standard technique. Disc susceptibility of bacterial agents were then determined. A total of 244 pus samples were collected and 147 (60.20%) samples showed growth. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were isolated; of which 118 (78.67%) were Gram positive and 32 (21.33%) were Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (72.00%) was most common followed by Escherichia coli (6.67%), Citrobacter freundii (5.34%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.00%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.33%), Proteus mirabilis (2.00%), Enterococcus faecalis (1.33%), Acinetobacter spp. (1.33%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.33%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.67%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (0.67%). The most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates was Gentamicin (77.97%). For Gram negative isolates (except Ps. aeruginosa), Amikacin (74.07%), for Ps. aeruginosa, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin each with the susceptibility of 80.00% and for Staph. aureus, Cloxacillin (79.63%) were the most effective antibiotics. Hence, the most common isolate in wound infection was Staph. aureus followed by E. coli. Therefore, routine microbiological analysis of the wound specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended that will guide clinician for treatment of wound infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10428   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 143-150

scholarly journals A survey on gram-negative bacteria in saffron finches (Sicalis flaveola) from illegal wildlife trade in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamê Miniero Davies ◽  
Marta Brito Guimarães ◽  
Liliane Milanelo ◽  
Maria Gabriela Xavier de Oliveira ◽  
Vasco Túlio De Moura Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Serratia Liquefaciens

No Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, os pássaros como os canários-da-terra têm sido uma das espécies mais frequentemente resgatadas do tráfico illegal e enviadas aos centros de vida selvagem. Em situações de estresse estas aves podem ser acometidas por infecções causadas por bactérias oportunistas. Este fato é de grande importância quando é planejada da reintrodução das aves na natureza. O presente trabalho foi delineado para avaliar o estado de saúde de canários-da-terra resgatados do tráfico ilegal. Foram colhidas soabes da traqueia e da cloaca de 100 aves resgatadas durante os anos de 2012 e 2013. Os resultados obtidos revelaram alta frequência de bactérias gram-negativas nas fezes e no orofaringe dos animais, com maior frequência para os membros da família Enterobacteriaceae (97,5%). Os gêneros mais frequentes foram Escherichia coli (46,55) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (10,4%). Outros microorganismos incluindo Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia spp, Klebsiella oxytoca e Citrobacter freundii também foram isolados em menor frequencia de aves assintomáticas. A presença de estirpes de Escherichia coli enteropagênicas (EPEC) e as produtoras da toxina de Shiga confirmam o risco de zoonose e a importância para saúde pública deste tipo de ave. 

scholarly journals High-frequency conjugal plasmid transfer from gram-negative Escherichia coli to various gram-positive coryneform bacteria.

1990 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 1663-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schäfer ◽  
J Kalinowski ◽  
R Simon ◽  
A H Seep-Feldhaus ◽  
A Pühler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Predictors of bacteremia among Children with Bloodstream Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Nazir Chaki ◽  
Levina Msuya ◽  
Deborah Mchaile ◽  
Michael Johnson Mahande ◽  
Ronald Mwitalemi Mbwasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Bloodstream infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in Sub-Saharan countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteremia, etiological agents’ antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predictors of bacteremia among children with bloodstream Infection.Methodology: This hospital-based cross-section study involved children aged two months to thirteen years. All children meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled. All consenting parents were interviewed via a questionnaire to collect data, followed by a thorough physical assessment and venipuncture was done to collect blood samples. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Among 242 study participants, 154(63.6%) were male and blood cultures were positive in 37(15.3%). Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria constituted 32(80%) and 8(20%), respectively. The frequent pathogen found was Staphylococcus aureus 25(62.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 4(10%), Escherichia coli 4(10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(7.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes 3(7.5%) and 1(2.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia. The majority of bacterial isolates showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the study area. Predictors of bacteremia were severe malnutrition, hydrocephalus, hyperglycemia, lethargy and BSI with no foci of infection. Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteremia was 15.3%. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent than gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the prevalent isolates causing BSI. Effective antibiotics for both gram-negative & gram-positive organisms are imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam followed by amikacin; vancomycin & clindamycin for gram-positive organisms. To curb the growing antimicrobial resistance that we see in this and other studies, continuous antimicrobial stewardship is necessary, else we risk failing to treat BSI.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates from Pus Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Upendra Pandeya ◽  
Mithileshwor Raut ◽  
Saru Bhattarai ◽  
Padam Raj Bhatt ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Effective Drugs

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to isolate and identify the bacterial agent and to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates to different antibiotics.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from February to October 2015 in microbiology laboratory of All Nepal Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal. The clinical specimens were processed for isolation and identification of bacteria following standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates were determined according to CLSI guidelines (CLSI 2014)Results: A total of 271 clinical specimens were processed where 164 (60.5%) showed growth positivity. A total 164 bacterial isolates were detected among which 84 (51.22%) were Gram positive 80 (48.78%) were Gram negative bacteria. Thirteen different species of bacteria were isolated. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 53 (32.30%) followed by E. coli 34 (20.80%), (CoNS) 15 (9.10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 (9.10%), Enterococcus fecalis 12(7.30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (6.10%), Acinetobacter spp. 7 (4.30%) Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca were less common. S. aureus was most susceptible to Amikacin. Vancomycin was the most effective drugs for Enterococcus fecalis. Among Gram negative bacteria E. coli was found most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%) and Imipenem (76.5%) where Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to, Amikacin, Imipenem (80%). Polymyxin B was the most effective drugs for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acinetobacter spp. was found highly resistant to different antibiotics.Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility evaluation showed Aminoglycosides, Phenicols Polymyxin, and Imipenem was the most effective drugs overall.

scholarly journals Causative Microorganisms and Antibiotics Susceptibilities in Children with Urinary Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Thaer M. Al-Baqer ◽  
Samar Abdul Raheem Al-Gharrawi ◽  
Noor ALHuda A. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Microbial Agents

Generally, treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is a difficult task, due to development of high resistance against antibiotics. The object of this study is to investigate the greatest causative microorganisms, their susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics in children suffering from UTI in Baghdad. A total of 810 urine samples were collected from suspected cases of UTI in children patients of ages (1 day to 12 years) of both sexes. Urine specimens were examined by urinalysis and cultured for isolation of microbial agents. In this study, Bacterial growth was obtained in 202 samples (24.39%) out of 810 urine samples. Various pathogenic organisms were isolated, which represented by A) Gram-Negative bacilli include Escherichia coli (41.58%), Enterobacter spp. (13.68%), Proteus Mirabilis (12.78%), Acinetobacter spp. (4.45%), Providencia spp. (4.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.46), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.47%), Citrobacter spp.(0.49%), Salmonella Spp.(0.49%), B) Gram- Positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus (11.38%), Enterococcus faecalis (1.98%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1.48%) C) Candida albicans (0.9%).). According to antibiotic susceptibility test, mostly the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid (67.05%), cefotaxime (59.40%) and cefepime (50.49%). Mostly Gram-Negative bacilli were responsible for UTI, and maximum recurrent isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli. The isolated bacteria were found to be sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. Therefore, the selection of antibiotic therapy in UTI should depend on the native sensitivity form of the infecting organism.

scholarly journals Isolation of Microbes Associated With Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Keypads Studied at Rumuokoro Port Harcourt, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. C. Anele ◽  
I. M. Ikeh ◽  
H. O. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The keypads of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are subjected to several microbial contaminations due to their large dermal contact by numerous users and different personal hygiene practice. The study investigated the bacterial diversity and level of contamination obtainable on the ATM keypads during transactions and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The population of culturable bacterial isolates was determined by plating. Isolates were characterized culturally, morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts ranssged from 5.23 to 9.25 log cfu/g. The bacterial identified and frequency of occurrence is Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), Escherichia coli (22.5%), Bacillus spp (17.5%), Salmonella spp (10.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.0%), Proteus spp (7.5%) and Klebsiella spp (15.0%) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to Chloramphenicol (37mm) and were more resistant to Rifampicin (00mm) and Levofloxacin (00mm) respectively. The Gram negative isolates in the study were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin and more resistant to ceporex, nalidixic acid, septrin and ampicillin respectively.  The highest gram negative isolates that showed more susceptible to all the used gram negative antibiotics were Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp while the lowest were Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp respectively. The study has revealed that bacterial contamination on ATM keypads is of health significance and could result to public health challenges if not properly managed. Therefore, adequate hand- washing hygienic practices and cleaning agents are advocated towards reducing the related ill- health among ATM users.

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