scholarly journals Political Representation of Gender in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Dipendra Bikram Sijapati
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Nepali Women

This paper is based on qualitative methods and discusses women's struggle for equal political participation, currently successful in the political representation of gender in Nepal. The aim of this paper is to examine the establishing equal representation in all sectors of elected government and to find out the inclusive participation of male and female in Nepalese, politics and parliament in together. It is based on completely secondary sources of data through the published in different governmental (election commission, 2074) and non-governmental organization. Nepal has been undergoing tremendous socio-political transformations over the past three decades, unitary to federal and monarchical government to the current republican political system; Nepali women have established themselves as key actors of socio-political changes. Nepali women began their struggle during the Rana Regime and advanced since the 1950s, by engaging both in popular peaceful political movements to armed insurgency and parliamentary competition with their male political counterparts. As a result, latest constitution of Nepal ensured 33% of seats are guaranteed to the parliaments and all other government positions as well as provision of male-female alternates eat provisions. As a result, from the national and local elections of 2017-18, women have come to occupy 41.8 percent political positions across the country. One of the key factors to ensure higher and meaningful participation of women in politics was these favorable electoral provisions. Women have demonstrated success in achieving higher participation in political positions. However, what has been achieved so far is not enough and continued rigorous action among all actors is essential.

scholarly journals Women Representation in Nepalese Local Election 2017: Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Sanju Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Numeric Representation ◽  
Election Commission

Democracy is for power and justice. Women's participation in politics is for achieving these twin goals.  The main objective of this study is to reviews the women representation at Nepalese local in political domain. The essential data and information are collected from secondary sources. Reports, information, facts, figures, policies, acts and program published by Nepal Election Commission-2017 and other related sources reports are basically used in this paper. One of the key factors to ensure higher and meaningful participation of women in politics is these favorable (reservation) electoral provisions. The 2017 local elections were significant in advancing female political representation in Nepal. However, what has been achieved so far is not enough and continued concentrated action is essential. There are more issues and challenges to be resolve for fair and meaningful political participation of women. The women's representation in politics should not be just a numeric representation. It should rise in the societal awareness for women and build capacity of female leaders and ultimately helps in the overall development of the country. 

scholarly journals The Political Rights of Women in the Light of Islamic Jurisprudence

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Dr. Khadija Aziz ◽  
Dr. Abid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Right

Accordingly, the meaningful participation of women in national, local, and community leadership roles has become an important focus on global development policy. Allah (SWT) has given a due and most suitable status to the women.  Women in leadership positions have been mentioned in multiple occasions in Quran. Islam gave them the right to vote and remain politically active in legislative, executive, and judiciary. “Then whoever disputed with you about him after all this knowledge that has come to you, say: ‘Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then we pray and invoke sincerely the curse of Allah upon those who lie’’. Quran and hadith were used as primary sources for the collection of authentic information, whereas published data on subject was used as secondary sources.

Assessment of Regional Inequality in Female Work Participation: Measurement of Disparity and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sheuli Ray ◽  
Manoj Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Work Participation

The regional difference of complex Indian social structure and customs have a different impact on the nature of women’s work participation. The present study aims at unravelling the influence of social, cultural and economic forces in differentiating the level of women work participation in different eco-regions of West Bengal. The study is based purely on secondary sources and data have been collected from the Census of India. It is in the rural areas that the female work participation is directly linked to agriculture and allied activities and the study confines itself to an understanding of work participation of women only in the rural areas. The modern technological implication as a result of green revolution has a worse impact on women work participation particularly in the South Bengal plain and some parts of East Rarh Plain region. The high gender gap is noticed in Nadia district located in the middle part of South Bengal Plain causes very high withdrawn of female from there. Effect of socioeconomic variables, work participation of Scheduled component in main economic activity is also varied from the non-scheduled component. Non-scheduled worker participated more in non-agricultural sector rather than the scheduled counter parts. Subsequently, the low growth rate of female work participation represents a distress picture in work force structure which is a cause of worried also.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Initial Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Four Sites in Western Slovakia—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Heilig ◽  
Bálint Heil ◽  
Christoph Leibing ◽  
Heinz Röhle ◽  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Short Rotation

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate four hybrid poplar comparison tests along a groundwater availability gradient in Western Slovakia. The weather fluctuation during the 3-year study period was described with indices, such as the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) or the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The soil chemical and physical parameters were determined from soil samples from the two upper horizons. The nutrient status and supply of the trees were categorized based on leaf elemental analysis. Altogether, 21 different clones from 6 genomic groups were compared. The survival (SRV), diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of the trees (H) had been measured annually since the plantations were established, and from these measurements, mean annual height increment (MAHI) values were derived. These weather, edaphic, and clonal factors were evaluated and compared. Significant effects of the site (edaphic factors) were found as the primary source of variance and clonal differences as secondary sources of variance among the growth of trees. The interaction of site × clone effects was not significant. The results showed that for short rotation forestry (SRF), the site parameters—especially groundwater availability—are key factors.

scholarly journals Women Mayors in Portugal: A Case Study in Political Representation and Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (68) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antónia de Figueiredo Pires de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Introduction The article presents a historical analysis of the participation of women in Portuguese politics and reveals the positive effects of the introduction of the parity law in 2006. In the 2015 national elections, for the first time one third of the elected the Members of the Portuguese Parliament were women. However, in municipalities there is still a long way to go to reach this level of female political representation. Does the political system limit women’s access only to elected positions? Thus, important questions remain: why are women still a minority in local politics? What obstacles do they encounter? And what can be done to improve the situation? Materials and Methods For this investigation, data were collected on the electronic pages of municipalities and political parties, as well as in the press, to monitor the evolution of the presence of women in Portuguese local government, initially as members of the administrative commissions appointed to manage municipal councils from 1974 to the first elections that took place on December 12, 1976 and then as elected representatives from 1976 to the latest 2017 local elections, comparing this level with central government. Results The study of this group reveals higher educational levels and more specialized jobs among women than among men, particularly in teaching and management. There is also discussion of partisan membership and it is revealed that left-wing parties invest more in women for local government than do right-wing parties. Discussion Although four decades have passed since the democratic regime was established, the representation of women in politics is still incipient. We present some examples of policy actions that can encourage the presence of women in local government and increase their role as active citizens.

scholarly journals Impact of self help groups on empowerment of women: a study in dharmapuri district, tamilnadu.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Lakshmi R ◽  
Vadivalagan G
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ranking Technique ◽  
Self Help Group

Women empowerment is a process in which women challenge the existing norms and culture, to effectively promote their well being. The participation of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a significant impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects This study addresses women empowerment through self help groups in Dharmapuri district of Tamilnadu . The information required for the study has been collected from both the primary and secondary sources A multistage random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis was carried out to draw meaningful interpretation of the results. Garret ranking technique was used to find the reasons for joining the Self help group. Factor analysis was used to measure thedetermine the relationship between the observed variables The results of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.

scholarly journals Children affected by AIDS as challenged learner in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Noor Jung Shah
Keyword(s):  
Training And Development ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
Aids Stigma ◽  
The Status

Nepal government and non-governmental organization are working in the field of education and focusing to ensure the quality of education with total enrolment of children in school. However, there is lacking to address the children affected by AIDS (CABA) to ensure the education rights and CABA compel to drop out from education. HIV issues are existing since 1998 but government of Nepal developed the policy on education to CABA in 2011; therefore we can analyze the status of government concentration on education to children affected by AIDS. The article is based on field experiences and secondary sources because I have been involving in this field since 1995 and focusing in children affected by AIDS. Stigma and discrimination is the main cause to drop the school by children affected by AIDS and there are no specific strategies to intervene to continue the education of children affected by AIDS. Government of Nepal has program to other children like children with disability or scheduled caste or geographical based but do not have the program to support the children affected by AIDS. Children affected by AIDS have always challenges to face the stigma and discrimination at schools and society which directly affect on their education.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v1i0.13092 Journal of Training and Development Vol.1 2015: 62-66

Women as film directors in Turkish cinema

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulya Uğur Tanrıöver
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
Feminist Film ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
The Public Sphere

Representations of women, or more exactly of gender, and the presence and works of women filmmakers constitute an important area of analysis for gender studies and feminist film theories. In Turkey the presence and the participation of women in the public sphere have been one of the important objectives of the Kemalist modernization project since the founding of the modern nation-state in 1923. However, despite the modernizing efforts to empower women in different spheres of life there was no woman director in Turkish commercial feature cinema until the beginning of the 1950s. Since the beginning of the 2000s the number of women directors has increased significantly, reaching a number well above that of the entire period before. This article investigates the reasons behind this increase based on quantitative data gathered from secondary sources and in-depth interviews with women producers and directors. It also questions whether and to what extent the increase in the number of women film directors contributed to the production of ‘women’s films’, based on a qualitative analysis of films produced by women directors between the years 2004 and 2013. The results show that in addition to technological and aesthetic changes in the industry, the increase in the availability of international and national public funding for low-budget independent film productions and the enlargement of the women’s movement allowed more women directors to enter the film industry. While half of the films made by women directors in the 2000s could be qualified as ‘women films’, the other half remained, largely due to market forces, within the conventions of popular or art house cinema.

scholarly journals The Response of International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) to Resolve the Problem of Humanitarian Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Alfredha Shinta Putri
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The World ◽  
Explosive Remnants Of War ◽  
Mine Ban Treaty

This research aims to explain the role of International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) namely ICBL (International Campaign to Ban Landmines). The objective of ICBL to overcome the problem of landmines as an emergency problem and critical issue in the world. This matter is because the effect of landmines and explosive remnants of war is very dangerous for humans, animals, and other living things. Otherwise, ICBL engage all of the states in the world to ratify an international agreement to ban using and producing landmine through The Mine Ban Treaty which agreed in 1997 by the states in the world. The efforts of ICBL are supported by United Nations and other advocacy networks. The obstacles arise from the unwillingness of great power to sign and ratify The Mine Ban Treaty. But, although still deal with some obstacles and challenges, ICBL able to decrease the amount of landmines in the world today. The research used secondary sources collected from books, journal, article, or other related-website.

scholarly journals Mecanismos de representación política en las democracias latinoamericanas: las cuotas electorales de género

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Roberto Álvarez San Martín
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
America Latina

Resumen: A partir de cifras y hechos planteados por PNUD, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW sobre la participación política de las mujeres, se realiza una revisión de los debates, aplicaciones y efectos de las cuotas electorales de género en América latina. Se toman en cuenta las diferentes barreras que deben sortear las mujeres en la arena política, y se analizan la definición, alcances y argumentos en pro y en contra de las cuotas electorales de género. Se analiza este mecanismo a partir de los casos de Argentina y Costa Rica, los más exitosos en términos de resultados; mientras México evidencia el impacto incremental de las cuotas en la representación femenina, Perú pone en evidencia la influencia de la fuerte tradición presidencialista. Brasil es un caso paradigmático, que representaría el fracaso de las cuotas de género. Se concluye que, salvo Argentina, las otras democracias sólo han podido acelerar el proceso de inclusión real de mujeres en los procesos eleccionarios, pero sin que los resultados sean realmente compatibles con lo esperado. Las mujeres latinoamericanas, con cuotas o sin ellas, siguen estando sub-representadas en los espacios de participación política.Palabras clave: Participación política femenina, cuotas electorales de género, mecanismos de representación política.Abstract: On the basis of data and facts put forth by UN, CEPAL, FLACSO Chile e INSTRAW about the political participation of women, this article analyzes the debates about the application and effects of electoral gender quotas in Latin America. The barriers to women’s political participation are taken into account, analyzing the definition, reach and arguments for and against gender quotas. The cases of Argentina and Costa Rica, the most successful in results, are analyzed. While Mexico shows the increased impact of quotas, Peru makes evident the influence of the strong presidential tradition. Brazil is a paradigmatic case, representing the failure of gender quotes. In conclusion, save for Argentina, other democracies have only accelerated the process of women’s inclusion in election processes, but without results compatible with expectations. Latin American women, with out without quotas, are underrepresented in the spaces of political participation.Key words: feminine political participation, electoral gender quotas, mechanisms of political representation.

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