scholarly journals Process and Determinants of Cross-Border Migration of Nepalese People of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Migration Theories

Cross border migration between Nepal and India has long history with unique dimensions. This paper highlights the migration process and determining factors of cross border migrants of Nepalese people to India. Some literatures related with migration between Nepal and India as well as main migration theories including their debates are highlighted. The study households were selected randomly by using systematic random sampling method. The information was collected through field study by using structured and semi structured questions. The participation of ancestors in cross border, sources of information, accompanies of migrants and decision makers for cross border migration were analyzed in migration process. Main reasons of crossing the border, employment situation, poverty and income, land holding size, indebtedness and frequencies of migrants crossing the border by themselves were concluded the main determining factors in cross border migration.

scholarly journals Abundance and Diversity of Diatom Class Bacillariophyceae as Bioindictaor of Pollution in the Waters of Tanjung Luar Fish Landing Based

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Niswatul Audah ◽  
Lalu Japa ◽  
M. Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Tanjung Luar is coastal water used as a waste disposal area for Fish Landing Based (FLB) activities. However, the condition of the waters with phytoplankton as a bioindicator has never been reporting. This research aims to know Bacillariophyceae in terms of abundance, diversity, and measurement of environmental pollution variables. Methods Sampling at the study location was determined by a systematic random sampling method. Data analysis Bacillariophyceae were determined using formula abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. The index of similarity of species between sample points was determined based on the Bray-Curtis Cluster Analysis. Furthermore, the results showed an abundance of Bacillaryophyceae of 322,000 individuals / L classified as low, the diversity index of Bacillariophyceae of 2.162 classified as moderate, and a dominance index of 0.138 (without dominating species). The results showed that the highest species similarity index was between sample points II and III (57.9%), and the lowest species similarity index between sample points I and II was 23.7%. Water pollution on the waters of PPI Tanjung Luar is classified as moderate pollution level and oligotrophic fertility.

A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Basti ◽  
Farzan Madadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Main Components

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research. Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided. Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned. Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masrur Islami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling

<p><em>Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that </em><em>is </em><em>influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island</em>

scholarly journals Profil Pekerja Pemanen Kelapa Sawit Bagian Cutting Egrek

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Risma Karlina Prabawati ◽  
Erna Lidiana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Work Posture

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is a label for the perception of pain or pain in the musculoskeletal system. MSDs can be caused by the equipment, techniques, and activities performed during work. Harvesters who use manual techniques or cutting egrek have the potential risk for MSDs as a result of an ergonomic work attitude and posture. This study aims to determine the profile of oil palm harvesters using cutting egrek techniques. This research is a descriptive research with the survey method. Samples were obtained by systematic random sampling method, amounting to 82 people. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Most CuE technique oil palm harvesters were at the age of 41-50 years, working period of 6-10 years, and with a work posture that needed immediate improvement, and 76.8% suffered from MSDs complaints. So that it is necessary to have immediate intervention from companies and workers to reduce the risk of MSDs complaints in the future, especially in posture and work techniques.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masrur Islami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling

Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that is influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods. Keywords: gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island

scholarly journals Working Environment of Nurses in Two District Hospitals

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Ferdous Hasan ◽  
Rubina Sultana ◽  
Lutfun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Negative Findings

Context: The study was designed to see the working environment of nurses in two district hospitals. Study design: Cross sectional, descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka from April to June, 2005. Methods: A total of 60 (sixty) nurses were selected by systematic random sampling method. Two District Hospitals were selected by Purposive Sampling. Data was collected by: face-to-face interview using a questionnaire consisting of both close ended and open ended questions. Results: Both positive and negative findings came out regarding working environment of the nurses. Conclusion: Some suggestions came out to improve the working environment of the nurses. Key words: Working environment; Nurses; District Hospitals. DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i2.7022Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2010, Vol. 8 No. 2 pp. 81-84

scholarly journals Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Peace Journalism

This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

scholarly journals ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG Metapenaeus tenuipes DI PERAIRAN PEMALANG, JAWA TENGAH Biological Aspect Assessment of Metapenaeus tenuipes Shrimp on Pemalang, Central Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Aida Tri Yulianti ◽  
Anhar Solichin ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Level I ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Kabupaten Pemalang merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi perikanan, salah satunya udang Metapenaeus tenuipes. Meningkatnya penangkapan dengan jaring Arad akan mengancam kelestariannya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui aspek biologi udang M. tenuipes dan status sumberdayanya seperti struktur ukuran, sifat pertumbuhan, dan aspek reproduksi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Metode pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan adalah systematic random sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan empat kali dari bulan Mei-Agustus 2016. Tempat pengambilan sampel di TPI Tanjungsari dan TPI Asemdoyong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai L50% M. tenuipes jantan 71 mm dan betina 81 mm, ½ L∞ jantan yaitu 60 mm dan betina 75 mm. L50% > 1/2 L∞ berarti ukuran udang yang tertangkap sudah cukup besar sehingga layak tangkap. Sifat pertumbuhan udang jantan dan betina yaitu alometrik negatif (pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat dibandingkan berat). Nilai faktor kondisi M.tenuipes menunjukan udang betina lebih montok. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad udang M. tenuipes jantan dan betina tebanyak terdapat pada tingkatan I. Perbandingan nisbah kelamin M. tenuipes di Pemalang 1 : 1,33 dengan nisbah tersebut proses reproduksi akan berjalan baik Pemalang is area that has potential one of fishery Metapenaeus tenuipes. Increased netting Arad would threaten its sustainability. The purpose of the research to know biological aspects of M. tenuipes and resourch status, size of structure, growth, and reproduction aspects. The method used is a survey method. The sampling method used was systematic random sampling. Sampling was carried out four times from May-August 2016. The sampling sites were at TPs Tanjungsari and TPI Asemdoyong. The results showed that the L50% value of M. tenuipes was 71 mm in males and 81 mm in females, ½ L in males in 60 mm and 75 mm in females. L50%> 1/2 L∞ means that the size of the shrimp caught is large enough to be suitable for capture. The growth characteristic of male and female shrimp is negative allometrics (long growth is faster than weight). The factor value of M.tenuipes shows that female shrimp are more plump. Maturity Levels of male and female M. tenuipes shrimp found in level I. Comparison of M. tenuipes genital ratio in Pemalang 1: 1,33 with that ratio will reproduce well. 

United Nation’s Media Reporting of Peacekeeping Operations on Syrian Conflict: Perspective of Peace Journalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Syrian Conflict

This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

scholarly journals A comparison of the epidemiology of low back pain in Indian and Coloured communities in South Africa

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aadil Docrat
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Permanent Residents

In order to investigate low back pain in an Indian and a Coloured community in South Africa, a population-based epidemiological survey was carried out in which 1 000 subjects were interviewed (500 Indians and 500 Coloureds). Subjects were selected using the Systematic Random Sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire, designed by the researcher, was used to elicit information about the subjects' demography, general characteristics and details regarding low back pain (incidence, prevalence, severity, disability, treatment). Only subjects 18 years or older who were permanent residents of the 2 suburbs were included in the study. The author carried out the interviews personally

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