Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror

This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

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Media, War, and Peace: A Post Pulwama Comparative Study of India and Pakistan

ISSUE1 - Journal of Peace, Development & Communication ◽

10.36968/jpdc-v05-i01-30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽

pp. 357-368

Author(s):

Dr. Farasat Rasool ◽

Mr. Arif Ahmad ◽

Zeeshan Zaighum

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

National Security ◽

War And Peace ◽

States Data ◽

The Media ◽

War Journalism ◽

Peace Journalism ◽

Elite Newspapers

According to Johan Galtung’s theory, war journalism and peace journalism are two frames. Peace journalism is a solution oriented while war journalism escalates conflicts. This study aims at comparatively exploring the nature of coverage during a conflict. This paper examines the role of the Pakistani and Indian elite press after the Pulwama attack, leading to the Balakot airstrike. For the collection of data, researchers have selected four leading elite newspapers i.e. two from Pakistan and two from India. The researchers have collected two month’s data after the incident of Pulwama leading to air craft conflict between the two states. Data is collected through content analysis which is further analyzed. The findings indicated that the media with dominate war frames compromise national security.

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Coverage of Cross Border Terrorism by Op-Ed of Global Press: A War and Peace Journalism Perspective

Global Political Review - Fall 2018 ◽

10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-i).02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol IV (I) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Tahir Mahmood ◽

Sumera Khalid ◽

Urwah Iftikhar

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

War And Peace ◽

Unit Of Analysis ◽

Cross Border ◽

Chisquare Test ◽

War Journalism ◽

Peace Journalism ◽

Almost All

This study is a content analysis of Op-rd from US, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani press. It is based on the war journalism frame and peace journalism frame devised by John Galtung. Convenient sampling method was used and each paragraph was taken as a unit of analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. The study checked the overall inclination of a countrys press with the perspective of war and peace journalism. The study analyzed the data from three year and found the significant results. It was observed that press of almost all countries are doing war journalism in sizeable measure. The global press has given stories with a war journalism frame in more quantity than the peace journalism. The study found that global press has given notable importance to the issue of terrorism between India and Pakistan. The statistical analysis and ChiSquare test of the data also gave significant results.

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Press-Government Relationship during War on Terror A Comparative Analysis of the Editorials of Nawa-Waqt and Dawn (2001-2019)

Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences ◽

10.47067/ramss.v4i2.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 495-505

Author(s):

Muhammad Qamar Zaman Baber ◽

Sajjad Ahmad Paracha

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mass Media ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

War On Terror ◽

Print Media ◽

Media Framing ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government

This study is mainly an appraisal of print media of Pakistan on the subject of War on Terror. It is a retrospective analysis led by conducting content analysis of editorials of “Nawa-e-Waqt and Dawn”. The results vibrantly disclose that “Nawa-e-Waqt” contributed additional reportage to “War on terror” in relation to Dawn. As Nawa-e-Waqt more criticized the Government of Pakistan in its editorials regarding its policies in WoT as compare to Dawn. This retrospective analysis acquires its theoretical framework from Robert Entman’s theory of framing that argues the aspects of salient and Selection. He pronounces framing practice as to choice some observed reality and brand it further salient. He says more that media framing in a way they can be appraise, deduce, expresses, and kind something central and the approvals towards a certain objects subscribed. The foundation of Framing Theory is that the mass media emphases consideration on specific happenings and then spaces them within a particular meaning.

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Print Media's Role in Securitization

Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development - Media Diplomacy and Its Evolving Role in the Current Geopolitical Climate ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3859-2.ch004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 56-82

Author(s):

Sudeep Uprety

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

National Security ◽

Print Media ◽

Foreign Affairs ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

The Media ◽

Sensitive Issues

This chapter attempts to understand the inter-relationship between the media and the national security/foreign affairs sector in Nepal, particularly unfolding the perceptions between each other and the resultant impression in the print media – thereby carrying forward the “securitization” discourse. Through the process of content analysis and expert opinions, this chapter advocates for the “desecuritization” of sensitive issues such as national security and diplomacy, promoting peace and cooperation rather than polarization of ideas and perspectives.

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Process and Determinants of Cross-Border Migration of Nepalese People of India

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v32i1.24784 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 167-184

Author(s):

Laxman Singh Kunwar

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Migration Process ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Cross Border ◽

Determining Factors ◽

Employment Situation ◽

Migration Theories

Cross border migration between Nepal and India has long history with unique dimensions. This paper highlights the migration process and determining factors of cross border migrants of Nepalese people to India. Some literatures related with migration between Nepal and India as well as main migration theories including their debates are highlighted. The study households were selected randomly by using systematic random sampling method. The information was collected through field study by using structured and semi structured questions. The participation of ancestors in cross border, sources of information, accompanies of migrants and decision makers for cross border migration were analyzed in migration process. Main reasons of crossing the border, employment situation, poverty and income, land holding size, indebtedness and frequencies of migrants crossing the border by themselves were concluded the main determining factors in cross border migration.

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Abundance and Diversity of Diatom Class Bacillariophyceae as Bioindictaor of Pollution in the Waters of Tanjung Luar Fish Landing Based

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 525

Author(s):

Niswatul Audah ◽

Lalu Japa ◽

M. Yamin

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Species Similarity ◽

Sample Points ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Tanjung Luar is coastal water used as a waste disposal area for Fish Landing Based (FLB) activities. However, the condition of the waters with phytoplankton as a bioindicator has never been reporting. This research aims to know Bacillariophyceae in terms of abundance, diversity, and measurement of environmental pollution variables. Methods Sampling at the study location was determined by a systematic random sampling method. Data analysis Bacillariophyceae were determined using formula abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. The index of similarity of species between sample points was determined based on the Bray-Curtis Cluster Analysis. Furthermore, the results showed an abundance of Bacillaryophyceae of 322,000 individuals / L classified as low, the diversity index of Bacillariophyceae of 2.162 classified as moderate, and a dominance index of 0.138 (without dominating species). The results showed that the highest species similarity index was between sample points II and III (57.9%), and the lowest species similarity index between sample points I and II was 23.7%. Water pollution on the waters of PPI Tanjung Luar is classified as moderate pollution level and oligotrophic fertility.

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A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research

Critical Comments in Biomedicine ◽

10.18502/ccb.v2i2.7397 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moslem Basti ◽

Farzan Madadizadeh

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Stratified Random Sampling ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Probabilistic Sampling ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Main Components

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research. Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided. Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned. Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.

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DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v7i1.9818 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Masrur Islami

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Principal Component ◽

Marine Resources ◽

Low Density ◽

Small Islands ◽

Environmental Characteristics ◽

Systematic Random Sampling

Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that is influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods. Keywords: gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island

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Profil Pekerja Pemanen Kelapa Sawit Bagian Cutting Egrek

Herb-Medicine Journal ◽

10.30595/hmj.v4i2.9931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Risma Karlina Prabawati ◽

Erna Lidiana

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Work Attitude ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Work Posture

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is a label for the perception of pain or pain in the musculoskeletal system. MSDs can be caused by the equipment, techniques, and activities performed during work. Harvesters who use manual techniques or cutting egrek have the potential risk for MSDs as a result of an ergonomic work attitude and posture. This study aims to determine the profile of oil palm harvesters using cutting egrek techniques. This research is a descriptive research with the survey method. Samples were obtained by systematic random sampling method, amounting to 82 people. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Most CuE technique oil palm harvesters were at the age of 41-50 years, working period of 6-10 years, and with a work posture that needed immediate improvement, and 76.8% suffered from MSDs complaints. So that it is necessary to have immediate intervention from companies and workers to reduce the risk of MSDs complaints in the future, especially in posture and work techniques.

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