scholarly journals Simbol pada Makam Syekh Bil Ma’ruf dan Sosio-Religi Pulau Tangnga Sulawesi Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Abu Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

This research concentrates on the actual religion surrounding the famed tomb-archeology of Sulawesi. This study, which focusses in particular on the Muslim religious leaders in Polewali Mandar, must first consider the first ancient tombs in Polman. In particular, we focus on the tomb at the Tangnga Island District of Binuang Polewali Mandar. Our selection of the tomb of Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf is motivated by that man’s key role and his remarkable persona given a society in which the veneration of tombs was central to people’s beliefs, and given that tomb archaeology can shed light on the sociology of a past society. It seems that the degree of veneration of a tomb corresponds to the honour in which a certain character’s memory is held. It seems that the veneration of Sheikh bil Ma’ruf’s tomb is directly proportional to the public celebration of this man’s deeds in his lifetime and the example that he gave to the flourishing local Islamic community in Sulawesi that came to be. Keywords: Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf, tomb,Sociology of Religy,Archeology Penelitian ini adalah studi tentang arkeologi-religi dengan makam sebagai objek kajiannya. Penelitian ini, menghendaki sebuah penelusuran arkeologis terhadap makam tokoh agama Islam di Polewali Mandar dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan inventarisasi makam-makam kuno di Polman. Objek kajian arkeologi religi dilakukan pada makam syekh Bil Ma’ruf di Pulau Tangnga Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Pemilihan objek makam sangat ditentukan oleh peran tokoh tersebut semasa hidupnya yang mempunyai peran keagamaan serta ketokohan kuat di tengah-tengah masyarakat. analisis sosial dilakukan untuk melihat lakon masyarakat terhadap makam. Hal ini sebagai pengejewantahan dari Archeology is sociology for the past. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan tokoh yang dimakamkan berbanding lurus dengan perilaku masyarakat terhadap makam dengan melakukan lakuan-lakuan bernuansa keagamaan yang terangkum dalam hajatan-hajatan yang dilakukannya serta pola keberislaman masyarakat setempat. Kata Kunci: Syekh Bil Ma’ruf, Makam, Sosiologi Religi, Arkeologi

scholarly journals Indestructible Pasts and Paranoid Presents: John Franzen against Active Forgetting in Purity

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Cristina Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Unconscious Desire ◽  
Selection Of

Forgetting and remembering are as inevitably linked as lifeand death. Sometimes, forgetting is motivated by a biological disorder, brain damage, or it is the product of an unconscious desire derived from a traumatic event (psychological repression). But in some cases, we can motivate forgetting consciously (thought suppression). It is through the conscious repression of memories that we can find self-preservation and move forward, although this means that we create a fable of our lives, as Nietzsche says in his essay “On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life” (1997). In Jonathan Franzen’s novel, Purity (2015), forgetting is an active and conscious process by which the characters choose to forget certain episodes of their lives to be able to construct new identities. The erased memories include murder, economical privileges derived from illegal or unethical commercial processes, or dark sexual episodes. The obsession with forgetting the past links the lives of the main characters, and structures the narrative of the novel. The motivated erasure of memories becomes, thus, a way that the characters have to survive and face the present according to a (fake) narrative that they have constructed. But is motivated forgetting possible? Can one completely suppress facts in an active way? This paper analyses the role of forgetting in Franzen’s novel in relation to the need in our contemporary society to deny, hide, or erase uncomfortable data from our historical or personal archives; the need to make disappear stories which we do not want to accept, recognize, and much less make known to the public. This is related to how we manage information in the age of technology, the “selection” of what is to be the official story, and how we rewrite our own history

scholarly journals ABSTRACT OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITY OF A WORKGROUP ON «DECOMMUNIZATION» OF PUBLIC AREA OF THE TOWN OF VINNYTSIA: HISTORIAN’S VIEW

2017 ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Karoyeva
Keyword(s):  
Group Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Town ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with practical activity of the workgroup created in order toadminister the Law of Ukraine «On condemnation of totalitarian regimes inUkraine and prohibition of propaganda of their insignia» within the town ofVinnytsia. The workgroup had to reveal objects containing communist andSoviet insignia that exists in the public urban area, to work out advice andpropositions as to replacing town toponyms containing insignia of communistthe totalitarian regime with new names.The article content is arranged in the following blocks: a) creation of theworkgroup; b) decision-making algorithm (from historians’ point of view);c) scientific grounds of historian group activity; d) selection of objects forfurther discussion; e) procedure of discussion of proposed new toponyms.Six historians residing in Vinnytsia were introduced into the workgroup.They belong to various generations and represent both governmental andpublic organizations. The following principles have been defined for organizingof the historian group activity: - toleration (provides for respectful attitude towards various canons ofhistoric memory except for Soviet-communist one);- historicism (due regard to be paid not only to the past but to currenttendencies and challenges of the future as well);- education (the activity has to promote dialogs between various socialgroups and formation of unified collective memory);- local topicality with a view to the formation of unified image/brand of thetown.Several approaches to practical activity on replacing of toponyms havebeen developed in order to ensure smooth work process. They were intendedto be used simultaneously or in sequence depending on the actual situation butevery proposal was concerned from the proposed standpoints in line with allthe following approaches:- historicity (provides for restoration of historical names of places andimplementation of historical and urban practical methods of representationof the town history in toponymy);- commemoration (this approach traditionally provides for drawing attentionto the formation of ethnic and national identity and cultural matrixof the nation, but in the course of solving of nation-wide problems Vinnytsiahistorian group strived to be oriented to the identity of local urbancommunity);- locality (conformity of toponyms to peculiarities of nature, history,economics and culture of Vinnytsia, Bratslavshchyna, and Podillia regions);- concreteness (provides for conformity of a toponym to its actual local(in line with toponym’s scale) circumstances (geographical, biological,industrial, cultural, religious, personological etc.);- actualization (due regard to be paid to the necessity of drawing attentionto certain events and persons that, as a rule, are not of the nationwidescale).Out of total 836 town place names, 147 toponyms (85 names) have beenreplaced with new ones and reasoning for 5 names (12 toponyms) has beenchanged. Thus decommunization encompassed 19% of the town toponymicalsystem.

scholarly journals GENDER, VIOLENCE, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN ISLAM: MUSLIM FEMINIST SCHOLARS IN THE PUBLIC EYE

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
Shannon Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intellectual Diversity ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Shed Light

Three recent books focused on law, gender, and Islam not only make important individual contributions to the field of law and religion, but together, in their attention to issues of gender, sex, violence, and law, signal an important development in both this field and the field of Islamic studies. This state of the field essay examines Kecia Ali's revised and expanded edition ofSexual Ethics and Islam, Ayesha Chaudhry'sDomestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition, and Hina Azam'sSexual Violation in Islamic Law. Individually and collectively, these works shed light on the way that societies use gender as a fundamental tool of social organization and hierarchy. While Ali, Chaudhry, and Azam focus mainly on the classical Sunni Islamic tradition, their insight has wider methodological import for the study of law and religion. Further, they illuminate the intellectual diversity within the Islamic tradition, both in the past and in the present. In doing so, they draw attention to the process of how the intellectual tradition is retrieved and appropriated in contemporary contexts. Finally, their work is historical and descriptive as well as normative: this kind of scholarship challenges the distinction in the study of religion between these two categories. Ali, Chaudhry, and Azam each places her observations and arguments about classical Sunni Islamic texts and traditions in productive conversation with ethical and legal questions that Muslims face today.

The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Czubryt ◽  
Leon Espira ◽  
Lise Lamoureux ◽  
Bernard Abrenica
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Isolated Cardiomyocytes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. While focus has been primarily on how sex modulates atherogenesis, it is becoming clear that sex is both a predictor of outcome and an independent risk factor for a number of other cardiac diseases. Animal models and human studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which sex influences the function of cardiomyocytes in health and disease. This review will survey the current literature on cardiac diseases that are influenced by sex and discuss the intracellular mechanisms by which steroid sex hormones affect heart function. A theory on how sex may regulate myocardial energy metabolism to affect disease susceptibility and progression will be presented, as well as a discussion of how sex may influence outcomes of experiments on isolated cardiomyocytes by epigenetic marking.

Constructions of Authenticity at Scottish Historic House Museums

Collections ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Anna Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
House Museums ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Museum Objects ◽  
Historic House Museums ◽  
Historic House ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

This study investigates how authenticity is perceived and negotiated by curators at a selection of Scottish historic house museums (HHMs). Many HHMs are preserved so as to recreate the dwellings of remarkable historical personalities, thus showcasing a unique blend of period artifacts, replicas, and original objects once in the possession of their inhabitants. Focusing on three different case studies, this research investigates how these authentic museum objects are displayed to and interpreted for the public; how relevant their authenticity is from a curatorial perspective; what are the factors influencing curatorial perceptions of authenticity; and how (or, if) HHMs help visitors negotiating the inauthenticity of replicas and period objects displayed onsite. While most studies have examined constructions of authenticity at tourism sites and in terms of their impact on consumers’ behavior, this work aims to shed light on how museum professionals conceive of authenticity within the under-researched context of HHMs, by discussing the outcomes of interviews with curators at the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum and Cottage (Alloway), Broughton House (Kirkcudbright), and Ellisland Farm (Auldgirth).

scholarly journals Addressing Absence

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Esther Duflo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Shed Light

Absent providers are a major problem both for public health facilities and primary schools in many developing countries. For example, in India, absence rates for teachers are over 24 percent, and for health providers they are over 40 percent. This paper presents evidence on a number of innovative strategies to reduce absenteeism in government– and nongovernmental organization–run schools and health facilities. These strategies were implemented in Kenya and India over the past few years and have been evaluated using the randomized evaluation methodology. The strategies involved alternative levers to fight absence. Some tried to improve incentives for providers, either through rewards and punishments implemented by external monitors, or through facilitating a more active involvement of those who expect to benefit from the service. Others are based on the idea that the providers are discouraged by the lack of interest among the potential beneficiaries in what they are being offered; these strategies aim at increasing the demand for the services as a way of putting more pressure on the providers. The results of these efforts, taken together, shed light not only on ways to address the problem of absence in the public sector, but also on the underlying reasons for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Neighborhood, Segregation, and School Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Zoë Elisabeth Antonia Schreurs ◽  
Shu-Nu Chang Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Assignment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neighborhood Segregation ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past few decades, school choice has been a widely debated issue around the globe, following the development of pluralism, liberty, and democracy. In many countries, school choice systems were preceded by residence-based school assignment systems, creating a strong connection between a neighborhood and its schools’ demographic compositions. However, schools often remain highly segregated. School segregation is thus seen as a major problem and is supposedly driven by three main factors: residential segregation, parental school choice, and schools’ selection of pupils. This paper aims to shed light on what research should be focusing on as regards school choice and residential segregation with the following two research questions: What are the links between neighborhood and school choice in the literature? How are neighborhood and school choice connected to school segregation in the literature? Two main findings emerged: (1) the neighborhood-based social networks that parents developed had limited their school choices and (2) neighborhood segregation is one of the most important factors that contributes to school segregation and is related to multi-ethnic and socioeconomic contexts.

scholarly journals Dear reader,

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Peep Pruks
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Case Law ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dear Reader ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The last time I addressed our readers was 20 years ago in the Juridica International issue ‘Legislation and Legal Policy’. This year, all eyes on the legal landscape have been turned to the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Estonia. The adopting of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia on 15 June 1920 provided Estonia with a source document that was used to direct life towards a state based on justice and the protection of democracy, fundamental rights and the rights of ethnic minorities. The 100th anniversary of the Constitution is the central theme of the major forum of the Estonian legal community – Estonian Lawyers' Days. The conference kicks off with plenaries and the days will continue with sixteen panels. Under the guidance of experienced moderators more than eighty presenters will take the stage. The programme can be found in this issue. Publication of the thoroughly updated commented edition of the Constitution holds a special place in the event programme dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Estonia. Commented editions of the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Estonia have been published since 2002. The above is a collection of scientific articles, which brings together knowledge on constitutional law that has been accumulated over the years, including looks back at history, a comparison to other legal systems, Estonian and international case-law. Over the course of the past few decades, dozens of lawyers have participated in the preparation of comments on the Constitution; their aim has been to create and constantly update the guide to understanding the Constitution, by means of cooperation and debates. Since 2012, the comments have been published by the Iuridicum Foundation as a web publication, and they are freely available to the public. Some of the scientists who commenced commenting on the Constitution in 2002 have since retired, departed, or distanced themselves from the field. Their duties have been taken over by researchers of a younger generation and practitioners with an academic background who are specialised and competent on the topic of the commented section or chapter. Completely new comments have been written in several parts in an interdisciplinary manner, expanding the legal-philosophical dimension. It is of the utmost importance to primarily continue with the approach introducing different points of view. The target audience of the comments are not just lawyers, but the whole of the Estonian public. The fifth edition of the comments on the Constitution will be presented on 21 December 2020. A selection of articles has been presented on the cover of this year’s issue of Juridica International – from the century-old approach to personal freedom in Estonian Marriage Law, to finding answers to the question of whether it is possible, at the current level of artificial intelligence, to delegate making atypical and more complex administrative decisions to kratts. It is of particular pleasure to note that this time a number of contributions from doctoral students at the beginning of their research careers have made it into this issue of the journal – the future belongs to young people who are able to change the world. Thank you to everyone who, with their initiative and activities, have significantly contributed to the maintenance and development of Estonian rule of law. Happy 100th anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia!

(Dis)placed interventions: Spanningen tussen common en publieke ruimtes

Forum+ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Elly Van Eeghem
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Sinds 2012 richt kunstenaar Elly Van Eeghem haar blik en lens op hoe steden veranderen. In de voorbije zes jaar werkte ze in verschillende stadswijken in Parijs, Berlijn, Montreal en Gent. Ze gebruikte foto- en video-opnames, acties in de publieke ruimte en archiefbeelden om collectieve interventies met lokale buurtbewoners op gang te brengen. Momenteel werkt ze aan een boek en een documentaire podiumvoorstelling als slot van dit project. Voor de beeldkatern van FORUM+ maakte ze een selectie uit archiefbeelden, verzameld tijdens binnen- en buitenlandse residenties.Since 2012 the artist Elly Van Eeghem has directed her gaze and lens at the way towns change. During the past six years she has worked in various urban districts in Paris, Berlin, Montreal and Ghent. She uses photography and video, actions in the public space and archive images in order to kickstart collective interventions with local residents. At present she is working on a book and a documentary stage presentation as the crowning piece of this project. She has made a selection of archive images collected during her residences both in Belgium and abroad for the picture supplement of FORUM+.

scholarly journals Evolution of ARDS biomarkers: Will metabolomics be the answer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. L526-L534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Metwaly ◽  
Andreanne Cote ◽  
Sarah J. Donnelly ◽  
Mohammad M. Banoei ◽  
Ahmed I. Mourad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

To date, there is no clinically agreed-upon diagnostic test for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): the condition is still diagnosed on the basis of a constellation of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and radiological images. Development of ARDS biomarkers has been in a state of continuous flux during the past four decades. To address ARDS heterogeneity, several studies have recently focused on subphenotyping the disease on the basis of observable clinical characteristics and associated blood biomarkers. However, the strong correlation between identified biomarkers and ARDS subphenotypes has yet to establish etiology; hence, there is a need for the adoption of other methodologies for studying ARDS. In this review, we will shed light on ARDS metabolomics research in the literature and discuss advances and major obstacles encountered in ARDS metabolomics research. Generally, the ARDS metabolomics studies focused on identification of differentiating metabolites for diagnosing ARDS, but they were performed to different standards in terms of sample size, selection of control cohort, type of specimens collected, and measuring technique utilized. Virtually none of these studies have been properly validated to identify true metabolomics biomarkers of ARDS. Though in their infancy, metabolomics studies exhibit promise to unfold the biological processes underlying ARDS and, in our opinion, have great potential for pushing forward our present understanding of ARDS.

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