scholarly journals The effects of top pruning on growth and production of conelets and cones in Pinus brutia Ten seed orchards of different ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Murat Alan ◽  
Selim Kaplan ◽  
Turgay Ezen ◽  
Rumi Sabuncu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Young Seed

In economic and biological terms (rapid growth, the ability to produce seeds at an early age, etc.) Pinus brutia Ten. is one the most important forest tree species in Turkey. Considerable progress has been made in Pinus brutia Ten. breeding program and both phenotypical and according to the results of progeny trials, totaling 615-hectare seed orchardshas been established. Pinus brutia Ten. seed orchardshas reached 43% of the total orchard area and covered the largest area. To acquire information on the management of seed orchards, top pruning has been carried out on three Pinus brutia Ten. seed orchards of different ages (old, middle-aged and young). Two top pruning regimes were applied in these three seed orchards, once in 2008 to the old orchard, while a single topping regime was applied in 2008 and 2012 to the middle-aged and young orchards.Each year, the height, diameter at breast height, and bi-directional crown diameter were measured, and all conelets and cones on ramets were counted beforeand after pruning. At the end of four years, control ramets in old and young seed orchards had higher values of height, diameter at breast height, and volume indexcompared to the middle-aged orchard. On the other hand, even though the control ramets in the middle-aged seed orchard reached a greater height, pruned ramets reached a greater volume index and diameter at breast height. While the height differences observed between control and pruned ramets in all seed orchards at the beginning eventually decreased, it was observed that the heights of pruned ramets grew proportionally larger. No difference was founded between the control and pruned ramets in terms of cone and conelet production. Pruning intervals and regimes varied in old, middle-aged and young seed orchards, and it was acknowledgedthat top pruning could be used for old, middle-aged and young seed orchard managements.

scholarly journals Forward, backward selection and variation analysis of growth traits in half-sib Larix kaempferi families

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
Yanyan Pan ◽  
Xiaona Pei ◽  
Fuwei Wang ◽  
Chenglu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Selection Ratio ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Total Average

Abstract Tree height and diameter at breast height of 30 half-sib Larix kaempferi families were analyzed at different ages. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in growth among dif­ferent families. Phenotypic variation coefficients of the traits tree height and diameter at breast height among families of different ages ranged from 11.04 % to 31.74 % and 19.01 % to 19.83 %, respectively. Average heritability of tree height and diameter at breast height ranged from 0.87 to 0.96 and 0.93 to 0.96, respectively. Significant positive correlations were obser­ved among all traits at different ages. By the method of multip­le-traits comprehensive, six families (L18, L12, L8, L3, L25 and L20) were selected as being elite using a 20 % selection ratio at 12 years of age. Average values of these elite families were 11.15 % and 16.83 % higher than the total average for height and diameter at breast height, and genetic gains were 10.53 % and 15.79 %, respectively. Forty five elite individual plants were selected using a 5 % selection ratio which were 23.47 % and 24.90 % higher than the overall average for height and diame­ter at breast height, respectively.

scholarly journals Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandu Wirabuana ◽  
RAHMANTA SETIAHADI ◽  
RONGGO SADONO ◽  
MARTIN LUKITO ◽  
DJOKO SETYO MARTONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Setiahadi R, Sadono R, Lukito M, Martono DS, Matatula J. 2020. Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4291-4300. The capability of community forests for offsetting carbon emissions highly depends on their biomass production. Unfortunately, the measurement of tree biomass in community forests using a destructive method is expensive and time-consuming. It is also almost impossible to conduct this method for all trees in the observation area. Therefore, the development of allometric equations is essential to support tree biomass estimation in community forests. This study was designed to construct specific models for predicting individual tree biomass in community forests, located in Madiun, Indonesia. We destructively sampled approximately 120 trees from four different species (30 trees for each species), i.e., Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For every tree sample, the measurement of biomass was conducted in each tree’s component, namely roots, stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equations were developed with regression analysis using predictor variables, like diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results found that for four species, the mean biomass in the stem was 50.3%, followed by branches 25.4%, roots 15.9%, and leaves 8.3%. The best equation for estimating biomass in every component and total of four species was different. However, our study showed that the equation lnŶ = -3.037 + 1.430 lnD + 1.684 was reliable to estimate total individual tree biomass of four species in the surveyed area since this model had accuracy of 90.8%. Referring to these findings, we recommended the utilization of an allometric equation as an alternative method for facilitating more efficient biomass measurement in the community forests.

Trends in genetic and environmental parameters, genetic correlations, and response to indirect selection for 10-year volume in a Norway spruce clonal experiment

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Bentzer ◽  
G. S. Foster ◽  
A. R. Hellberg ◽  
A. C. Podzorski
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Efficient Selection

Seventy-five clones of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) were tested for height, diameter, and volume at two locations in southern Sweden. Total height was measured at seven ages from age 1 to 10 years, whereas diameter at breast height was measured and volume index calculated only at age 10. Clone effects were consistently significant for all traits, whereas clone × location interaction effects only showed significance for diameter at breast height at age 10, volume index, and height at age 3. Location effects for height were small and error effects large, up to age 6. Between ages 7 and 10, location effects increased considerably, while error effects decreased correspondingly. Clone-mean heritability for height remained stable from years 3 to 10, but was slightly higher at age 1. Genetic correlations between traits were generally large, which made efficient selection for height possible as early as age 4. The correlated response in volume index at age 10, when selecting for height at age 4 or later, was exceptionally good, and it provided gain estimates in volume that were as large as or larger than estimates from direct selection for volume index at age 10.

scholarly journals Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-298
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hayda ◽  
Svitlana Los ◽  
Roman Yatsyk ◽  
Larisa Tereshchenko ◽  
Grygoriy Shlonchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Genetic Value

Abstract The seed orchards (SO) serve possibilities to collect seeds from the selected genotypes or to create artificial population throughout the controlled crossing of the target genotypes. Therefore, the seed material obtained from the clonal and seedling seed orchards offers unique opportunity to improve the genetic value of seeds. Thus, the seed orchards are considered as an important part of the forest seed base being the key object for both modern forestry and forestry research. This paper outlines the forest breeding activities associated with the seed production in the seed orchards in Ukraine over the last 70 years. During this period, the different aspects related to the establishment and management of the seed orchard were studied. In these processes, many failures had occurred, their causes and consequences were described. These main breeding activities were reported considering plain and mountain regions of Ukraine as well as specific aspects of the reproduction of the main forest tree species. As of 2019, the total area of the clonal seed orchards (CSO) reached 1040.3 ha, while seedling seed orchards (SSO) only 273.7 ha. The results of research on the growth, reproductive development, the morphology of the plus trees clones in the SO were generalized. The article on the current problems and challenges for Ukrainian forestry mainly related to forest tree breeding and there was also focus on forest seed industry. For the main forest trees species (Scots pine, English oak and other), targeted breeding programs should be developed. It is relevant to create the genetic bank of the forest seeds.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters of newly introduced tree willow clones in Himachal Pradesh, India

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Sharma ◽  
N.B. Singh ◽  
H.P. Sankhyan ◽  
Punit Chaudhary ◽  
S.K. Huse
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Multipurpose Species

Willows being multipurpose species are well recognized in short rotation forestry world over. 200 clones of different species and hybrids were procured from twenty countries over the period of three years. These were subjected for nursery screening and further 18 promising clones were planted in March, 2006 at university main campus Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The five years growth performance was evaluated and clone J-799 has given maximum plant height (19.33 m) which is at par with the clone NZ-1140 (16.33 m) followed by SI-63-007 (14.30 m). As regards with diameter at breast height and volume index, clone J-799 registered first rank followed by NZ-1140 and 131/25 recording 16.50 cm and 0.554 m3, 15.30 cm and 0.386 m3 ;15.30cm and 0.368m3, respectively. Bole straightness was recorded maximum in clone J-795 that is at par with clones J-194, PN-721 and 131/25 followed by clones J-799, SI-63-007, NZ-1140 and SI-64-017. Heritability in broad sense for bole straightness (46.36%) and genetic gain of the volume index (67.95%) was found highest. Genotypic, phenotypic and environment coefficients of variations were recorded maximum (0.995) for volume index character. Genetic correlation coefficient was highest (0.921) between plant height and volume, while phenotypic correlation coefficient was highest between diameter at breast height and volume index. On the basis of five year growth performance, five clones namely J- 799, NZ-1140, 131/25, SI-63-007 and PN-731 are found suitable for lower and mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Seemingly Unrelated Mixed-Effects Biomass Models for Black Locust in West Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Karol Bronisz ◽  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Robert Tomusiak ◽  
Agnieszka Bronisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees and their components (stem, branches, and leaves). The research was carried out based on data collected in 13 stands (a total of 38 sample trees) of black locust located in western Poland. The model system was developed based on multivariate mixed-effect models using two approaches. In the first approach, biomass components and tree height were defined as dependent variables, while diameter at breast height was used as an independent variable. In the second approach, biomass components and diameter at breast height were dependent variables and tree height was defined as the independent variable. Both approaches enable the fixed-effect and cross-model random-effect prediction of aboveground dry biomass components of black locust. Cross-model random-effect prediction was obtained using additional measurements of two extreme trees, defined as trees characterized by the smallest and largest diameter at breast height in sample plot. This type of prediction is more precise (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 77.603 and 188.139, respectively) than that of fixed-effects prediction (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 238.716 and 206.933, respectively). The use of height as an independent variable increases the possibility of the practical application of the proposed solutions using remote data sources.

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