Zakaz dyskryminacji a uchybienie godności studenta

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Monika Zima-Parjaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Male Students ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the subject of disciplinary responsibility of female and male students from the perspective of discriminatory behaviour. Anti-discrimination legislation in Poland, apart from the employment sphere, does not provide protection against discrimination. The Act on the implementation of certain provisions of the European Union in the field of equal treatment introduces broad protection of only some legally protected features. Universities, in the sense of responsibility for the safety and protection of the academic community, introduce internal anti-discrimination regulations, emphasizing important values and principles that every male and female student should follow. Socio-political conditions may influence the disciplinary proceedings of male and female students. Assessment of the breach of the student’s dignity as one of the premises of disciplinary liability encounters many difficulties and more and more often may refer to the conflict of freedom of speech and the right to equal treatment.

scholarly journals Powództwo przeciw dyskryminacji w Ustawie z dnia 3 grudnia 2010 r. o wdrożeniu niektórych przepisów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie równego traktowania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śmiałek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Grounds

Discrimination is a phenomenon that has been existing in our society for many years. The main cause of increased legislative activity in European countries is the action of the European Union, which has issued a number of directives dealing with the problem of discrimination. Poland, as a member of the European Union, was obliged to implement anti-discrimination directives. The legislator did this by enacting the Act of 3 December 2010 on the implementation of certain European Union regulations on equal treatment (hereafter: the equality statute). The equality statue was a good step towards combating discrimination in areas such as the provision of services or capital fl ow. The legislator has also pointed to discriminatory features, including race, age, disability, sex, or sexual orientation. These features cannot serve as a basis for diff erentiating the legal position of legal entities. In carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter, the study presented in this article covered: the normative grounds of an anti-discrimination lawsuit, the right to compensation, which deviates signifi cantly from the defi nition set out in Article 361 of the Civ il Code, the substantive and legal grounds for action, the principles and the procedure for claiming compensation. The article also deals with the eff ectiveness of the application of the measure in the jurisprudence. To that end, the study examined the case law of common courts dealing with the facts related to the equality law. The Ombudsman and other anti-discrimination aut horities have also been contacted for information on the use of this measure. The paper identifi es as well, the potential solutions aimed at increasing the eff ectiveness and frequency of the use of anti-discrimination lawsuits before Polish common courts.

Description Of Differences In Creative Thinking Profile For Male And Female Students In Open Ended Problem Solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hana Shohwatul Islam ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Siswanto Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

<p class="BodyAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the manifestations of high-level thinking is creative thinking, characterized by creating something new from ideas, concepts, experiences, and knowledge that is in one's mind. This study aims to describe the creative thinking profile of male and female students in solving open-ended problems. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subject of the study used was 2 grade VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Surakarta. This research instrument uses open-ended problem tests with indicators of creative thinking and interviews. In describing the student's creative thinking profile, the researcher will pay attention to 4 stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification stages. The results of this study show that male students can explain problems and solutions orally or in writing. While female students can explain the problem and the solution is both verbally but less able to explain with writing</span></p>

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Students' Interpersonal Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Emma Dwi Ariyani ◽  
Dini Hadiani
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

Objective: Interpersonal communication is an essential element of communication that creates meaningful social relationships in the academic environment. Students who have good interpersonal communication skills will be capable of interacting with others. However, it was reported that some students still have a low capacity for interpersonal communication caused by various factors, and one of them is gender. This research attempts to investigate the students’ interpersonal communication concerning gender and to find out whether there is a difference between male and female students in terms of interpersonal communication. Methodology: This study was conducted through a descriptive method. The subject of this study includes 88 students consisting of 66 male and 22 female students at one state polytechnic in Bandung, Indonesia. The data were collected in terms of interpersonal communication and gender. Results: The results show that male students had a slightly higher score of interpersonal communication than females. Regarding the significant elements of effective interpersonal communication, it was found that there are differences in the dominant component of interpersonal communication between male and female students. Female students dominated the area of equality, indicating that they have a more dominant ability to position themselves as equivalent to their communication partners to create comfortable communication. Male students dominated the area of openness, empathy, supportiveness, and a positive attitude showing that they have a more dominant ability to show a willingness to communicate honestly and full of understanding, so they were able to give support and positive thought. Implication: The study recommends the use of appropriate communication activities that can encourage the students to be open, to be supportive, and to be positive. This condition will enable teachers to choose and apply the appropriate methods in the teaching and learning process to support the development of students’ interpersonal communication.

Relations Between the Principle of Neutrality and Elements of Value Added Tax Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Paweł Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Neutrality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Method Analysis

Abstract The principal of neutrality is a key principle of the European Union (EU) Value Added Tax (VAT) system. The concept of tax neutrality has a number of dimensions and meanings. The purpose of the article is to examine whether the principle of neutrality shapes the main elements of VAT structure, what concepts of tax neutrality are proper to shape each of those elements, and how the principle of neutrality affects each of those elements. The method adopted for the examination is a doctrinal method – analysis of the VAT Directive provisions (using a formal-dogmatic approach supported by analysing selected judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU) but without those that concern special rules. The study showed that the basic elements of the VAT structure such as the subject of taxation, object of taxation, tax basis, tax rates, exemptions, and conditions of payment are shaped in different manner and extent by the principle of neutrality. Tax neutrality in its basic sense (marked N1) has the strongest influence on basis of taxation (improper amount of the basis disallows shifting the tax forward onto the customer and regaining output tax to relieve the taxable person entirely from the burden of the VAT) and obviously it influences the right to deduct input tax likewise in the tax period (term of refund). Tax neutrality in another sense (marked N2) by demanding equal treatment, affects such VAT elements as subject and object of taxation, exemptions and rates. Tax neutrality in the broadest sense (N3), as a term consisting of N1 and N2, concerns all the elements of VAT.

The Mirror and the Window: Making Implicit Perceptions of Leadership Explicit

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-629
Author(s):  
Anne M. Greenhalgh ◽  
Christopher I. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Business School ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Perceptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perceptions Of Leadership

Images of leadership serve as mirrors reflecting assumptions and as windows revealing possibilities. We take a visual and less common methodological approach and highlight particular images by way of a linguistic and stylistic analysis. The foundation of this study—an archive of 8,283 images and essays—is noteworthy, since it represents nearly the entire population of undergraduates at an elite business school over the past 16 years. Our analysis reveals the salient commonalities and subtle differences in male and female perceptions. On one hand, the most frequently posted male and female images of leadership are assertive and concerned about the welfare of others and combine stereotypical and archetypal masculine and feminine characteristics. The act of leadership is also transformational and empowering rather than transactional and directive. On the other hand, the qualities of leadership are value-centric for both male and female students; but males are more inclined to see hierarchy and agentic qualities, while females are more likely to see communal characteristics. Moreover, the vast majority of images is male, but female students put a greater emphasis on gender nonspecified subjects and are twice as likely as male students to identify the subject of leadership as “ she.”

A New Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity Test: I. Construction and Psychometric Properties

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Götz ◽  
R. Lynn ◽  
A. R. Borisy ◽  
H. J. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Representational Pictures

This paper reports progress in construction of a new test of visual aesthetic sensitivity, differing from previous tests in that the items were drawn by an experienced artist of international reputation. There are 42 sets of 2 non-representational pictures, differing in that one of these has been changed by the incorporation of certain intentional design faults; there is thus a “right” and a “wrong” picture, and it is the task of the subject to discover the right answer. Eight practising artists validated the construction by agreeing 100% in their answers with the key. The test was administered to 111 male and female students, and 369 male and female children. There were no sex differences, no very significant correlations with intelligence, and very little by way of correlations with personality traits. The mean score of the children was 30, that of the students 35, a very significant difference. Within the group of children, however, there was no correlation with age. The distribution of scores was skewed, with easy items (high scores) predominating. The difficulty levels of the items were similar for adults and children, male and female. The internal reliability of the test was .84 for the adults. The retest reliability of the test was .70 for girls and .32 for boys, but the samples were small.

Gender Differences in Academic Performance in the subject of Pharmacology: A study conducted in a medical college

2021 ◽  
pp. 2917-2919
Author(s):  
Moazzam Ali Atif ◽  
Sana Tufail ◽  
Khursheed Anwar ◽  
Asia Firdous ◽  
Shazia Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

Background: The proportion of female students is increasing progressively in medical schools, but concern remains about differing performance in exams. A limited data is available on comparison of academic performance of male and female students from developing countries. Aim: To compare them regarding their academic performance in the subject of pharmacology. Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Pharmacology departments of Sheikh Zayed medical college Rahim yar khan and Quaid-e-Azam medical college Bahawalpur among 3rd yr MBBS students of sessions 2019 and 2020. The overall attendance of students was counted and compared as well as all the pharmacology test results were evaluated and compared on the basis of previous record of fortnightly, end of module, midterm and end term examinations. Results: Girls outnumbered boys (528 girls vs 437 boys) in medical admissions. The girls were having better attendance and test results ( 92% vs 65% for better attendance & 26% vs 19% for better results) in both sessions 2019 and 2020. The results also showed that students from literate background and urban areas got more admission in medical college but more number of boys are boarders compared to girls who prefer to be day scholars due to social circumstances of South Punjab. Conclusion: The female students tend to perform better than boys in pre clinical subjects. The number of female medical students is increasing progressively and they out perform their male counterparts both in attendance and internal assessments. The study is documentation of this fact, for future measures that can be done for improvement of male students performance. Keywords: Gender difference, pharmacology, performance

scholarly journals PROFILE OF STUDENT’S REFLECTIVE THINKING IN SOLVING PISA MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS BASED ON GENDER DIFFERENCES

MATHEdunesa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Annisa Rizqa Aulia ◽  
Raden Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Thinking ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Solution Strategy ◽  
School Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Full Consideration

Reflective thinking ability is important in solving problems so students can easily determine the right strategyto solve problems using the knowledge and experience they have. Reflective thinking is an activity or mentalprocess using knowledge or experience with an awareness of what is known and needed that is donerepeatedly and with full consideration of beliefs supported by clear reasons to find a decision or solve aproblem. This study uses four stages of reflective thinking which include (1) describing experiences basedon problems, (2) elaborating experiences to form a solution strategy, (3) analyzing experiences based onsolutions, and (4) evaluating experiences based on the solutions. The purpose of this study is to describe thereflective thinking profile of male and female middle school students in solving PISA mathematics problems.The participant of this research are male and female students of grade VIII in Surabaya. The method used inthis study is a qualitative explorative descriptive study. The results showed that at the stage of describingexperiences based on problems, male and female students use their experiences in solving problems. In thestage of elaborating experience to form a strategy for solving, male students specifically identifymathematical concepts contained in the problem, male and female students choose the right formula andstrategy to solve the problem. At the stage of analyzing experiences based on resolution, male and femalestudents explain the answers given, male students mention strengths and weaknesses related to problemsolving. In the stage of evaluating experience based on the solutions, male and female students state thereasons why the answers given have answered the problem, female students test whether the solution donehas answered the problem.

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMAHAMAN NILAI SIKAP GOTONG ROYONG

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Alpansyah Alpansyah ◽  
Abdul Talib Hasim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Better Than

The aims of this study were: (1) to identify an increase in students' understanding of the value of mutual cooperation through the use of reader response rules in Indonesian Language Learning (KRPDPBI); (2) identifying the use of the reader response principle in Indonesian Language learning (KRPDPBI) there are differences between male and female students. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental study with two different methods. The results showed that (1) the achievement of the score of understanding the value of mutual cooperation for students taught by KRPDPBI was better than for students taught by regular learning according to the curriculum; (2) the achievement of the understanding of the value of male students' mutual cooperation is no better than that of female students.

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