Development of a Green Color Retention Method for Lactic Acid Fermented “Nozawana”

Field research was conducted in 2017–2019 on “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to determine whether an amino acid based biostimulant program applied in the late season (October-November) and early season (March-April) could extend fall color retention (FCR) or hasten the spring green-up (SGU), respectively. Bermudagrass was treated with the biostimulant under five different managements: non-treated; 6 times at 5 L ha−1 weekly; 3 times at 5 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval; 6 times at 10 L ha−1 weekly; and 3 times at 10 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and visual ratings (turf green color and percentage of green coverage in the subplot) were determined weekly, and turf clipping dry weight for the SGU studies. At the end of the FCR studies (2017 and 2018), there was no effect of the biostimulant; although, some isolated positive effects were detected during the experiment in 2017 on bermudagrass treated weekly at 10 L ha−1 for NDVI. However, there was a slight positive effect on SGU when this physiological process occurred slowly (year 2018) and the biostimulant was applied weekly at 10 L ha−1 (4.4 kg N ha−1), compared to another performed management and warmer years (2017 and 2019).

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Effect of Alkaline Copper Quaternary Type D on Color Retention, Mold Resistance, and Surface Physicochemical Characterization of Neosinocalamus affinis Bamboo

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-19-00066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 302-308

Author(s):

Lu He ◽

Lin Chen ◽

Jiulong Xie ◽

Jinqiu Qi ◽

Yongze Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Spectroscopy Analysis ◽

Green Color ◽

Type D ◽

Color Retention ◽

Mixed Aqueous Solution ◽

Mold Resistance ◽

Alkaline Copper Quaternary

Abstract The effect of alkaline copper quaternary type D (ACQ-D) treatment on color retention, mold resistance, and surface physicochemical characterization of Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo was analyzed. The results showed that a treatment of 0.25 percent ACQ-D solution combined with pretreatment of potassium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate mixed aqueous solution can achieve a desired green color on the bamboo surface. The mold test result revealed that the treated bamboo samples had better mold resistance than samples only treated with a mold inhibitor. The thermogravimetric–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the treated and the control samples indicated that the chemical structure of the surface was slightly modified, e.g., silicon was almost completely removed, which enhanced liquid permeability. The dilute ACQ-D solution combined with a proper pretreatment process could retain the favorable green color of bamboo and also improve mold resistance by slightly modifying the surface chemistry.

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Digitization of Broccoli Freshness Integrating External Color and Mass Loss

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1305

Author(s):

Yoshio Makino ◽

Genki Amino

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Vision System ◽

Color Space ◽

Storage Period ◽

Evaluation Index ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Green Color ◽

Color Retention

Yellowing of green vegetables due to chlorophyll decomposition is a phenomenon indicating serious deterioration of freshness, and it is evaluated by measuring color space values. In contrast, mass reduction due to water loss is a deterioration of freshness observed in all horticultural crops. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel freshness evaluation index for green vegetables that combines the degree of greenness and mass loss. The green color retention rate was measured using a computer vision system, and the mass retention rate was measured by weighing. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed using both variables (greenness and mass) as covariates to obtain a single freshness evaluation value (first canonical variable). The correct classification of storage period length by LDA was 96%. Green color retention alone allowed for classification of storage durations between 0 day and 10 days, whereas LDA could classify storage durations between 0 day and 12 days. The novel freshness evaluation index proposed by this research, which integrates greenness and mass, has been shown to be more accurate than the conventional evaluation index that uses only greenness.

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Post-effects of high hydrostatic pressure on green color retention and related properties of spinach puree during storage

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies ◽

10.1016/j.ifset.2012.11.007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Rongrong Wang ◽

Qian Xu ◽

Jia Yao ◽

Yajie Zhang ◽

Xiaojun Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

Green Color ◽

Color Retention

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Effect of heat treatment, pH, sugar concentration, and metal ion addition on green color retention in homogenized puree of Thompson seedless grape

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 595-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yongju Zheng ◽

Junling Shi ◽

Zhongli Pan ◽

Yongle Cheng ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Thompson Seedless ◽

Green Color ◽

Color Retention ◽

Seedless Grape

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Genes for Retention of Green Fruit Color through Maturity of Acorn Squash

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.602c ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 602c-602

Author(s):

Harry S. Paris

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Complete Loss ◽

Green Color ◽

Green Fruit ◽

Color Retention ◽

Recessive Genes ◽

Dark Green ◽

Light Green

Most cultivars of acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo), such as `Table Queen', have fruit that are light green when young, become dark green by intermediate age, and remain dark green through maturity, carrying genotype D/D l-l/l-1 L-2/L-2. Many other forms of C. pepo that carry this genotype, the most familiar being the Halloween and pie pumpkins, turn orange at maturity. The genetic basis for green color retention of acorn squash was investigated by crossing `Table Queen' with `Vegetable Spaghetti', `Fordhook Zucchini', and accession 85k-9-107-2 (the parental, filial, backcross, and testcross generation progenies being grown out in the field and observed and scored for fruit color at maturity, between 40 and 44 days past anthesis). The results indicated that the three stocks crossed with `Table Queen' carry two recessive genes, designated mature orange-1 (mo-1) and mature orange-2 (mo-2), which act in concert to result in complete loss of green color before maturity in 1-1/1-1 plants. `Table Queen' is Mo-l/Mo-1 Mo-2∼o-2. Genes D and mo-2 are linked, ≈15 map units apart.

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SUMMER COLOR AND FALL COLOR RETENTION OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS RECEIVING VARYING AMOUNTS AND TIMING OF INORGANIC OR INORGANIC-ORGANIC COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-144 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 1015-1021

Author(s):

S. H. NELSON

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Early Spring ◽

Organic N ◽

Degree Days ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Green Color ◽

Normal Number ◽

Color Retention

Varying levels of N as ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate phosphate, ammonium phosphate sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate (0.83–2.51 kg N/100 m2/season) applied in three replications at 6-wk intervals (mid-May to mid-August) did not markedly affect the summer color quality of Kentucky bluegrass turf when the season was warm. When the season had a below-normal number of accumulated degree days, however, there was a positive correlation and linear regression between green color of the turf and the amount of N applied. When organic N (processed sewage) was used in two of the applications and inorganic N in one of the three replications, the green color response of the turf during summer was even more influenced by growing conditions. With a below-normal accumulation of degree growing days in 1975 there was no difference in green color from varying levels of organic N while in 1976 with an above-normal accumulation of degree days there was a better green color development with the higher levels of organic N. In the fall, higher levels of green color were maintained from higher levels of inorganic N. Varying the amount of nitrogen within the three application dates did not affect this correlation. When two applications of organic N were used in combination with one application of inorganic N, however, this correlation between better green color and higher rate of N did not show up until very late when all scores were relatively low. Although the range of scores for inorganic and inorganic-organic combinations had a similar range on any particular date in the fall, the application of inorganic N on the final date gave the best color retention and those receiving organic N on the final date tended to go dormant earlier. Where early spring green color or fall color retention of the turf is desired in northern climates, the inorganic form of N is more suitable than the organic form. The amount of color was positively correlated with the amount of inorganic N applied during the summer fertilizer program.

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Demonstration of Retinal Glycogen with Silver Methenamine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066875 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 564-565

Author(s):

A. W. Sedar ◽

G. H. Bresnick

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Chromic Acid ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Müller Cell ◽

External Limiting Membrane ◽

Electron Microscope Level ◽

Reactive Process ◽

Inner Limiting Membrane ◽

Muller Cell ◽

And Migration

After experimetnal damage to the retina with a variety of procedures Müller cell hypertrophy and migration occurs. According to Kuwabara and others the reactive process in these injuries is evidenced by a marked increase in amount of glycogen in the Müller cells. These cells were considered originally supporting elements with fiber processes extending throughout the retina from inner limiting membrane to external limiting membrane, but are known now to have high lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to synthesize glycogen. Since the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique was shown to demonstrate glycogen at the electron microscope level, it was selected to react with glycogen in the fine processes of the Müller cell that ramify among the neural elements in various layers of the retina and demarcate these cells cytologically. The Rhesus monkey was chosen as an example of a well vascularized retina and the rabbit as an example of a avascular retina to explore the possibilities of the technique.

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