scholarly journals Genetic analysis and selection of sampGenetic analysis and selection of samples of soft winter wheat for resistant genes to diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
I. S. Riabovol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Аdaptive properties and selection value of the collection genotypes of winter wheat by the features of ear productivity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
V. O. Hoptsii ◽  
R. V. Kryvoruchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Medium Development ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
Selection Of

In the conditions of the global climate change, it is important to find the donors of the adaptive properties among the existing initial material of wheat, because only on the basis of the targeted selection of the parental components for crossbreeding it can be expected to obtain the selection material with the specified parameters of adaptability. The purpose of this research was to assess the collection samples of soft winter wheat by the features of ear productivity and to establish the adaptive peculiarities by these features. The results of a three-year (2014–2016) study of the level of implementation and variability of the ear productivity features – ear length, ear weight, number of ear spikelets, number of ear grains and grain weight from the ear have been presented in the article, and also the indices of homeostaticity (Hom) and selection value (Sc) of the studied wheat genotypes by these features have been calculated. The object of the research was 45 varieties and 9 selection lines of different genetic and ecological and geographical origin. As the result of the conducted researches, the existence of a significant difference between the collection genotypes of wheat has been established both by the level of the ear productivity development features and their variability during the years of the research. The maximum development level of the ear productivity features had 6 species (Hordovyta, Stanichnaya, Legenda, Pereyaslavka, Oksana, Liryka). By the vast majority of the features, the average level exceeded 7 varieties and 2 selection lines (Rosinka Tarasovskaya, Banga, Venera, Volnitsa, Masha, Krasota, Ebi, Kiu-07, 89-I/2). The homeostaticity index characterizes the ability of the genotype to minimize the negative influence of the environmental factors. It has been established that the collection samples of soft winter wheat had different levels of homeostaticity features of ear productivity. Some collection varieties of wheat had a high level of homeostaticity by certain features of ear productivity, but a low or medium development level of the features themselves. Some genotypes were characterized by high values of both homeostaticity and features development level. The greatest value is represented by the genotypes in which high homeostaticity and selection value is combined with a high level of productivity features development – Zdobna, Dobirna, Zapashna, Dbailyva, Fermerka, Krasota, Masha, Stanichnaya, Oda, Legenda, Kyu99, 89-I/2, etc. These genotypes can be used as the donors of a high level of ear productivity with their high homeostaticity. Thus, as the result of the conducted researches, we have established different nature of the manifestation and variability of the ear productivity features of the collection genotypes of soft winter wheat of different genetic origin. The conducted assessment of the homeostaticity and selection value of the productivity features allowed identifying a number of the varieties and selection lines of wheat that can be used in the combination selection as the donors of high ear productivity in the complex of adaptability have been carried out. Key words: soft winter wheat, genotype, ear productivity, homeostatic, adaptability, selection value.

scholarly journals Transgressive variability in the number of ears of the main spike in F2 populations when crossing soft winter wheat varieties of different early maturity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
H. L. Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Positive Degree ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Aim. Determination of the degree and frequency of positive transgressions by the number of ears of the main spike in F2 populations created by crossing varieties of soft winter wheat of different maturity depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the year and selection of economically valuable biotypes for subsequent breeding work. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. In the majority of F2 populations, created by hybridization of soft winter wheat varieties of different vegetation periods, a significant form-making process took place in terms of the number of spikelets in the main spike. The experimental data obtained indicate a significant effect of matched pairs before hybridization and hydrothermal conditions of the year on the manifestation and formation of the number of spikelet’s in an ear F2. So, under the conditions of 2019, the majority of F2 populations for the number of spikelet’s in the main spike (17.4–21.5 pcs.) Significantly exceeded the parental forms. A positive degree (Td = 5.3–33.3 %) and the frequency of transgression (Tf = 3.3–96.7 %) were found in 85.7 % of the populations. In 2020, the average population number of spikelets in the main spike (15.0–18.6 pcs.) Was significantly less. When used in hybridization of early maturing varieties by the parent form, the decrease in the number of spikelets was 0.5–19.9 %. At the same time, for crossing mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late varieties, the number of spikelets decreased by 2.8–28.9 %. Thus, it can be argued that populations in which early maturing varieties were the maternal form are less exposed to unfavorable conditions of the year. A positive degree (Td = 5.3–38.9 %) and the frequency of recombinants (Tf = 3.3–46.7 %), under the conditions of 2020, was established in 35 out of 42 F2 populations, which amounted to 83.3 %. Conclusions. The use of winter wheat varieties of different early maturity in hybridization in most cases contributes to the formation of F2 in populations and the selection of positive transgressive biotypes by the number of spikelets in the main spike. Conducted studies have established a significant effect of the parental forms used in hybridization and the hydrothermal conditions of the year on the formation of the number of spikelets in the main spike in F2 populations of soft winter wheat. Populations where the early maturing varieties were the maternal form are characterized by a more stable manifestation of the number of spikelets in the main spike. The decrease in the number of spikelets in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.5–19.9 % for 2.8–28.9 % in populations obtained by hybridization of mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late varieties. In years with contrasting hydrothermal conditions, hybrid populations F2 were identified, which formed more than the average F2 number of spikelets in the main spike and had high rates of the degree and frequency of positive transgressions, namely: Mironovskaya early / Kolchuga; Kolchuga / Stolichnaya; Shchedraia niva / Vidrada; Antonovka / Stolichnaya.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF GRAINS IN CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE HUMIDIFICATION OF THE NORTH-EASTERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bondareva ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Vashchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Work ◽  
High Yield ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The North ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing

The purpose of the research is to develop a system of methods for assessing the adaptability of the selection material of spring barley and winter wheat, to create varieties with a high yield potential in conditions of unstable moisture. During 2016-2020, the Donetsk State Agricultural Science Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine conducted research in the direction of creating high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat and spring barley, adapted to the conditions of the northeastern region of Ukraine. The research was carried out according to the method of field work by B. A. Dospekhov and the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Research methods: general scientific, field, laboratory, statistical. Based on the analysis of the biological potential of the productivity elements of spring barley, the parameters of the promising variety were determined. A method for assessing the adaptability of spring barley breeding material when grown in conditions of unstable moisture has been developed. The highest yield was formed by the varieties Stalyy, Bravyy and Repriz – 3,74 t/ha, 3,78 t/ha and 3,74 t/ha, respectively (standard variety Stalker – 3,12 t/ha). To obtain highly productive genotypes of winter wheat in drought-resistant conditions of the Donetsk region, the selection of forms was carried out, the selection of forms was carried out on the basis of early earing According to the results of competitive variety testing of winter wheat, the best hybrid combinations were gk784/1 x Povaha and gk94 / 117 x Dosvid, which formed the grain yield 7,52 and 7,77 t/ha, that is, they exceeded the standard Donetskaya 48 (6,78 t/ha) by 0,74 and 0,99 t/ha. Two samples were identified according to the indicator of early maturity gk491 (gk704 / 1 x Povaha) and gk598 (Lan25 x gk789/1), which vikoloshuyut 2-4 days earlier than the standard Donetskaya 48 and during three years of study stably showed this sign.

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

Variation in Grain Functional Quality for Soft Winter Wheat

Crop Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1086-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Hazen ◽  
P. K. W. Ng ◽  
R. W. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

scholarly journals THE SELECTION OF S. CEREVISIAE MUTANTS DEFECTIVE IN THE START EVENT OF CELL DIVISION

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven I Reed
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Thirty-three temperature-sensitive mutations defective in the start event of the cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cereuisiae were isolated and subjected to preliminary characterization. Complementation studies assigned these mutations to four complementation groups, one of which, cdc28, has been described previously. Genetic analysis revealed that these complementation groups define single nuclear genes, unlinked to one another. One of the three newly identified genes, cdc37, has been located in the yeast linkage map on chromosome IV, two meiotic map units distal to hom2.—Each mutation produces stage-specific arrest of cell division at start, the same point where mating pheromone interrupts division. After synchronization at start by incubation at the restrictive temperature, the mutants retain the capacity to enlarge and to conjugate.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

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