A New Technique for Scan Chain Failure Diagnosis

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Guo ◽  
Srikanth Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Failure Diagnosis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Transition Faults ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Output Side ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Scan Chain ◽  
Diagnostic Resolution

Abstract In this paper, we present a scan chain fault diagnosis procedure. The diagnosis for a single scan chain failure is performed in three steps. The first step uses special chain test patterns to determine both the faulty chain and the fault type in the faulty chain. The second step uses a novel procedure to generate special test patterns to identify the suspect scan cell within a range of scan cells. Unlike previously proposed methods that restrict the location of the faulty scan cell only from the scan chain output side, our method restricts the location of the faulty scan cell from both the scan chain output side and the scan chain input side. Hence the number of suspect scan cells is reduced significantly in this step. The final step further improves the diagnostic resolution by ranking the suspect scan cells inside this range. The proposed technique handles both stuck-at and timing failures (transition faults and hold time faults). The experimental results based on simulation and silicon units for several products show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Thermal Frequency Imaging: A New Application of Laser Voltage Imaging Applied on 40nm Technology

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Celi ◽  
Sylvain Dudit ◽  
Thierry Parrassin ◽  
Philippe Perdu ◽  
Antoine Reverdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Carrier Density ◽  
Deep Submicron ◽  
Charge Carrier Density ◽  
Voltage Imaging ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Scan Chain

Abstract For Very Deep submicron Technologies, techniques based on the analysis of reflected laser beam properties are widely used. The Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) technique, introduced in 2009, allows mapping frequencies through the backside of integrated circuit. In this paper, we propose a new technique based on the LVI technique to debug a scan chain related issue. We describe the method to use LVI, usually dedicated to frequency mapping of digital active parts, in a way that enables localization of resistive leakage. Origin of this signal is investigated on a 40nm case study. This signal can be properly understood when two different effects, charge carrier density variations (LVI) and thermo reflectance effect (Thermal Frequency Imaging, TFI), are taken into account.

scholarly journals Green Biased Technical Change in Terms of Industrial Water Resources in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2789
Author(s):  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Fangcheng Sun ◽  
Huaizu Wang ◽  
Yi Qu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Green Performance ◽  
Green Productivity ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Output Side

As a significant ecological corridor from west to east across China, the Yangtze River Economical Belt (YREB) is in great need of green development and transformation. Rather than only focusing on the overall growth of green productivity, it is important to identify whether the technical change is biased towards economic performance or green performance in promoting green productivity. By employing the biased technical change theory and Malmquist index decomposition method, we analyze the green biased technical change in terms of industrial water resources in YREB at the output side and the input side respectively. We find that the green biased technical change varies during 2006–2015 at both the input side and output side in YREB. At the input side, water-saving biased technical change is generally dominant compared to water-using biased technical change during 2006–2015, presenting the substitution effects of non-water production factors. At the output side, the economy-growth biased technical change is the main force to promote green productivity, whereas the role of water-conservation biased technical change is insufficient. The green performance at the output side needs to be strengthened compared to the economic performance in YREB. A series of water-related environmental policies introduced in China since 2008 have promoted the green biased technical change both at the input side and the output side in YREB, but the policy effects at the output side is still inadequate compared to that at the input side. The technological innovation in sewage treatment and control need to catch up with the economic growth in YREB. Our research gives insights to enable a deeper understanding of the green biased technical change in YREB and will benefit more focused policy-making of green innovation.

Buckling Induced Nonlinear Phenomenon in a Micro-Electromechanical Resonator

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
B. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomenon ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuation ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Beam Structures ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Output Side

Oscillations of micro-electromechanical resonators constructed from clamped-clamped beam structures are studied in this effort. Piezoelectric actuation is used to excite these structures on the input side and piezoelectric sensing is carried out on the output side. Although axial loads in clamped-clamped beam based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have been considered before, the relevance of buckling to this problem has not studied before in such “small” scale systems. In this work, possibilities for buckling are examined, and it is shown that for resonance excitations, consideration of buckling may help explain associated experimentally observed spatial patterns as a nonlinear phenomenon.

scholarly journals Hybrid LLC Converter with Wide Range of Zero-Voltage Switching and Wide Input Voltage Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8250
Author(s):  
Bor-Ren Lin ◽  
Kun-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Zero Voltage Switching ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Input Region ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Zero Voltage

A new hybrid inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converter is investigated to have wide voltage input operation capability and zero-voltage turn-on characteristics. The presented circuit topology can be applied for consumer power units without power factor correction or with long hold-up time requirement, photovoltaic energy conversion and renewable energy power transfer. To overcome the weakness of narrow voltage gain of resonant converter, the hybrid LLC converter with different turns ratio of transformer is presented and the experimental investigation is provided to achieve wide voltage input capability (400 V–50 V). On the input-side, the converter can operate as full bridge resonant circuit or half bridge resonant circuit with input split capacitors for high or low voltage input region. On the output-side, the less or more winding turns is selected to overcome wide voltage input operation. According to the circuit structures and transformer turns ratio, the single stage LLC converter with wide voltage input operation capability (400 V–50 V) is accomplished. The laboratory prototype has been developed and the experimental waveforms are measured and demonstrated to investigate the effectiveness of the presented hybrid LLC converter.

Democratic Discontent in Old and New Democracies: Assessing the Importance of Democratic Input and Governmental Output

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dahlberg ◽  
Jonas Linde ◽  
Sören Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Contrasting View ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Democratic Principles

Although the phenomenon of dissatisfied democrats has been frequently discussed in the literature, it has not often been empirically investigated. This article sets out to analyse the discrepancy between the strong support for democratic principles and the widespread discontent with the way democracy works. Drawing on earlier research on the sources of political support, using data from a wide range of democracies, the relevance of two contrasting explanatory perspectives are investigated. The first perspective argues that the sources of democratic discontent are found on the input-side of the political system in terms of representation. The contrasting view argues that the output-side of the political system is most important, where the quality of government plays the pivotal role. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that, in general, both types of factor are important, but also that these processes to a large extent are conditioned by the level of institutional consolidation.

International Human Rights and Israel as Seen in the Work of the Treaty Bodies: Do They Walk the Talk?

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Ruth Halperin-Kaddari ◽  
Amichai Danino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Palestinian Population

The purpose of this article is to review the manner in which the human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs) treat Israel, focusing on the system of periodic reporting, with the aim of examining whether Israel is being accorded ‘special treatment’ or, put more simply, whether a bias against Israel can be ascertained in the work of the HRTBs. In analysing the concluding observations (COBs) issued in respect of six of Israel's recent periodic reports, we identified four distinct population groups within Israeli society, and studied the number and nature of the COBs targeting each of these groups. This we termed the ‘output’. We then looked into the amount of the alternative information provided to the Committees by civil society organisations, which we termed the ‘input’. An examination of the two reveals a clear correlation between the relatively greater weight accorded to the Palestinian population in the occupied territories in the input side of the exercise (the alternative reports) and the output side (the COBs). Thus, what might initially be perceived as proved bias in the treatment of Israel by the HRTBs in light of the seemingly disproportional weight they accord to the conflict, turns out to be at least partially influenced by the information and materials provided to the Committees.

scholarly journals Precise-Orientation-Beamforming Scheme for Wireless Communications between Buoys

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Fengzhong Qu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
Zhujun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Regular Waves ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Communication Distance ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Unstable Position ◽  
Beamforming Algorithm

Utilizing wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor the marine environment is one of the major techniques in oceanographic monitoring, and how to increase the limited communication distance between the buoys in WSN has become a hot research issue. In this paper, a new technique called precise-orientation-beamforming (POB) which uses the beamforming algorithm to increase the communication distance between buoys is presented. As was widely applied in the radar and sonar, the beamforming method was not used to extend the communication distance between buoys so far. The POB method overcomes the unstable position of buoys caused by waves by implementing the orientation filter. The whole process includes two steps: First, the real-time attitude of the antenna array is calculated by the orientation filter. With the known relative direction of the destination node to the antenna array, the second step is to control phased array antenna beamforming parameters, directing the beam at the destination node. The POB scheme has been simulated under the condition of regular waves. The results reveal that POB provides significant power gains and improves the distance between two communicating nodes effectively.

Double incision and snare resection in symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum: a modification of the stag beetle knife technique

Endoscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gölder ◽  
Juliane Brueckner ◽  
Alanna Ebigbo ◽  
Helmut Messmann
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Zenker’S Diverticulum ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Oral Nutrition ◽  
Cricopharyngeal Muscle ◽  
Zenker's Diverticulum ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
A New Technique

Abstract Background and study aim Relief from dysphagia and regurgitation are the main goals of therapy in symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum. Flexible endoscopic treatment has proved to be an effective and safe method in control of these symptoms. The aim of our study was to further improve the resection of the cricopharyngeal muscle using a new technique, the double incision and snare resection (DISR) procedure, to reduce the recurrence rate. Patients and methods From February 2016 to April 2017, 16 patients were treated with 18 DISR procedures at our institution. The symptoms of the patients were recorded by a seven-item questionnaire prior to treatment, and re-evaluation was scheduled at 1 and 6 months after treatment. Results The median age was 70 years (range 55 – 85), and 10 patients were men (62 %). The median size of the diverticulum was 20 mm (range 5 – 40 mm), and the DISR procedure was performed in 28 minutes (range 20 – 47 minutes), with no major postinterventional complications. All patients re-started oral nutrition on the day after the intervention; a gastric tube was not required. The median follow-up was 3 months (range 1 – 15 months). Two patients received a planned second-step procedure, one because of a very large cricopharyngeal muscle and one because of a cyst inside the Zenker’s bridge. Although one patient suffered from mild recurrence of symptoms, she refused a second treatment. All other patients were free of symptoms after treatment. Conclusions The DISR procedure is a new endoscopic treatment technique that safely and reproducibly offers relief from symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum.

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