Development of PECS Application for Sample Preparation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Chen ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
W.T. Kary Chien
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Plasma Cleaning ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ar Plasma ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Cross-sectional polishing has been widely used in the semiconductor industry. As demand for higher throughput increases, the time spent manually performing a final polish is an improper method for cross-section preparation. Etching is the major function of Precise Etching and Coating System (PECS). In this article, the focus is on Ar plasma cleaning performance on a sample after rough polishing and a sample after a short time final polishing using PECS. To evaluate performance of Ar plasma cleaning, two samples were prepared for SEM observation. X-SEM images before and after Ar plasma cleaning revealed that Ar plasma cleaning is not an effective method to correct micro scratches. The combination of final polishing and stain into one step was found to improve sample quality and throughput. PECS Ar plasma was found to be an effective sample cleaning method when compared to the time spent on final polishing.

Reliability of die to wafer bonding using copper-tin interconnections

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000425-000440
Author(s):  
Arnaud Garnier ◽  
Rémi Franiatte ◽  
David Bouchu ◽  
Romain Anciant ◽  
Séverine Chéramy
Keyword(s):  
Wafer Bonding ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Neutral Atmosphere ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thermomechanical Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kirkendall Voids ◽  
Cu Bonding

One major step for 3D integration is the die stacking which has to meet mechanical and electrical requirements. Transient Liquid Phase bonding is studied because it is suitable with high interconnection density and also multiple stacking. For this study, top and bottom wafers including redistribution layers were electroplated with CuSn and Cu respectively. Die to wafer bonding was carried out at 250 °C in neutral atmosphere. Capillary underfill was added in some cases to check its influence. Interconnections quality was then assessed. Electrical tests were carried out using daisy chains. Shear tests enabled to check mechanical strength and failure location. Finally, cross sectional scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry allowed identifying metallurgical phases and potential defects. These characterizations were achieved before and after aging. This aging consisted either in thermal cycle test (TCT: 500 cycles between −40 °C and 125 °C with 10min soak time) or high temperature storage (HTS) applying the same thermal budget as during the TCT. After assembling, interconnections have very good electrical and mechanical properties. Their degradations are measured after TCT but they are larger than after HTS. This reveals failure mechanisms is not only based on chemical aging but also involve thermomechanical stress. This last feature has been limited thanks to underfill addition. Its effect was investigated through TCT where electrical yield drop was lower than when the gap between the die and the wafer is not filled. Moreover, SEM images reveal different kinds and densities of voids. Kirkendall voids are located at the Cu/Cu3Sn interface. Smaller voids are visible at the initial bonding interface in the case of CuSn to Cu bonding. After aging, some cracks develop mainly through Kirkendall voids which therefore seem to be the most detrimental defects to overcome.

scholarly journals Financial Market Reaction to Patent Lawsuits against Integrated Circuit Design Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Su-Chen Yu ◽  
Kuang-Hsun Shih
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Patent Litigation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Stocks

With the rapid advancement in technology, Taiwan’s integrated circuit (IC) design companies have made a mark in the international semiconductor industry but are unable to independently develop the key core technologies they need. Therefore, strategic alliances, competition and cooperation have become a means for enterprises to quickly obtain patents and capture the market. However, listed companies upstream and downstream of Taiwan’s supply chain have been facing patent infringement lawsuits in recent years. This research mainly aims to provide investors with investment strategies when companies face patent litigation, analyze the abnormal returns on the underlying stocks through the event research method, and use the cross-sectional multiple regression model to explore the changes in different factors based on the results. The empirical results show that positive abnormal returns are generated before and after a company faces patent litigation and the cumulative abnormal rewards are all positive and significant after the incident, which indicates that the company may still have an opportunity to make a profit when facing patent litigation, which can be used as a reference for investors.

Determination of the metal toughness components in impact-bending test

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. B. Maksimov ◽  
I. P. Shevchenko ◽  
I. S. Erokhina
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sample Width

A method for separating the work of impact into two parts - the work of the crack nucleation and that of crack growth - which consists in testing two samples with the same stress concentrators and different cross-sectional dimensions at the notch site is developed. It is assumed that the work of crack nucleation is proportional to the width of the sample face on which the crack originates and the specific energy of crack formation, whereas the work of the crack growth is proportional to the length of crack development and the specific crack growth energy. In case of the sample fracture upon testing, the crack growth length is assumed equal to the sample width. Data on the work of fracture of two samples and their geometrical dimensions at the site of the notch are used to form a system of two linear equations in two unknowns, i.e., the specific energy of crack formation and specific energy of crack growth. The determined specific energy values are then used to calculate the work of crack nucleation and work of crack growth. The use of the analytical method improves the accuracy compared to graphical - extrapolative procedures. The novelty of the method consists in using one and the same form of the notch in test samples, thus providing the same conditions of the stress-strain state for crack nucleation and growth. Moreover, specimens with different cross-section dimensions are used to eliminate the scale effects. Since the specific energy of the crack nu-cleation and specific energy of the crack growth are independent of the scale factor, they are determined only by the properties of the metal. Introduction the specific energy of crack formation and growth makes possible to assign a specific physical meaning to the fracture energy.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Attitude about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Crises in Al-Ahsa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal ◽  
Fahima Akhter ◽  
Amal Ismael Abdelhafez ◽  
Ahmed Mansour Alrajeh
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Respiratory Therapists ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Biomedical waste (BMW) management is an essential practice of healthcare professionals (HCPs) for preventing health and also environmental hazards. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, posing significant challenges for healthcare sectors. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude on BMW management among HCPs when taking care of patients with COVID-19 and associated with demographic variables. From Al-Ahsa healthcare sectors, 256 HCPs were selected randomly, of which 105 (41%) had excellent knowledge, 87 (34%) had good knowledge, and 64 (25%) had poor knowledge with a mean score of 13.1 ± 3.6. A higher mean score was (14.4 ± 3.2) obtained by physicians, and (13.6 ± 3.8) nurses than the other HCPs. Regarding practice, 72 (28.1%) HCPs used and discarded PPE while handling biomedical wastes. Additionally, 88 (34.4%) followed proper hand hygiene before and after each procedure and whenever needed. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists had a more favorable attitude than other HCPs. There was a statistically significant association found among knowledge level and educational qualification (p < 0.0001), gender (p < 0.001), and work experience (p < 0.05). Emphasis is needed to train all HCPs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.

scholarly journals Integrated backscatter-intravascular ultrasound and modification of plaque during excimer laser coronary angioplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Sasaki ◽  
Kenji Nakajima ◽  
Keizo Watanabe ◽  
Yudai Nozaki ◽  
Tadashi Yuguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Integrated Backscatter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty

AbstractThis study aims to test the hypothesis that the effect of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) not only vaporizes thrombi and their underlying coronary plaque, it also changes their quality. We performed a series of cross-sectional analyses in 52 lesions in 51 patients before and after ELCA with integrated backscatter-intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS). The constituent parts of the plaque can be assessed by IB-IVUS (i.e., calcified, fibrous, lipid) according to integrated backscatter values. Minimum lumen diameter, lumen volume and vessel volume expanded after ELCA, while plaque volume did not significantly decrease. There was also a decrease of ‘lipid’ component (35.4–30.3%, P < 0.001) and an increase of IB-IVUS-derived ‘fibrous’ part (34.5–38.3%, P < 0.001). These results may help in understanding plaque change after ELCA. Excimer laser coronary angioplasty seems to contribute to the modification of coronary plaque composition in addition to debulking it.

scholarly journals Utilization potential of intraluminal optical coherence tomography for the Eustachian tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayoung Byun ◽  
Yeon Hoon Kim ◽  
Jingchao Xing ◽  
Su-Jin Shin ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tubal Lumen ◽  
Oct Image

AbstractImaging the Eustachian tube is challenging because of its complex anatomy and limited accessibility. This study fabricated a fiber-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter and investigated its potential for assessing the Eustachian tube anatomy. A customized OCT system and an imaging catheter, termed the Eustachian OCT, were developed for visualizing the Eustachian tube. Three male swine cadaver heads were used to study OCT image acquisition and for subsequent histologic correlation. The imaging catheter was introduced through the nasopharyngeal opening and reached toward the middle ear. The OCT images were acquired from the superior to the nasopharyngeal opening before and after Eustachian tube balloon dilatation. The histological anatomy of the Eustachian tube was compared with corresponding OCT images, The new, Eustachian OCT catheter was successfully inserted in the tubal lumen without damage. Cross-sectional images of the tube were successfully obtained, and the margins of the anatomical structures including cartilage, mucosa lining, and fat could be successfully delineated. After balloon dilatation, the expansion of the cross-sectional area could be identified from the OCT images. Using the OCT technique to assess the Eustachian tube anatomy was shown to be feasible, and the fabricated OCT image catheter was determined to be suitable for Eustachian tube assessment.

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