Improved Binning of Operating Modes in EPA Simulator Program for Transit Buses: Case Study in Beijing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2627 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxu Li ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Guohua Song
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Simulator Program

The Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) quantifies emissions as a function of the operating mode (opmode) and emissions rates. The opmode, the determinant parameter in estimating emissions, is defined by two critical parameters: speed and scaled tractive power (STP). Activity characteristics of transit buses are commonly recognized as being quite different from those of other vehicles, and this study found the values of the two parameters for transit buses to be much smaller than those for other vehicles. However, the MOVES program uses an identical opmode binning method for transit buses and other vehicles, a method that likely leads to errors in emissions estimations for transit buses. This paper developed a binning method based on massive field data collected in Beijing to improve the opmode binning for transit buses. To this end, STP fractions, vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) fractions, and emissions contributions were first investigated. The STP values were grouped into nine bins on the basis of analysis of emissions rates and emissions contributions. Three speed bins were then determined with the hierarchical clustering method and the averaging of VKT fractions. As a result, 29 opmode bins were defined for transit buses. Finally, the proposed method was applied to real-world emissions data in Beijing. The results indicated that the proposed binning method could reduce errors in emissions estimation errors. On average, the relative errors in estimating carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and hydrocarbon emissions by the proposed method were 2.0%, 5.9%, 1.6%, and 1.5% lower, respectively, than errors made by the MOVES method.

scholarly journals Computational study of smoke flow control in garage fires and optimization of the ventilation system

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Milos Banjac ◽  
Barbara Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Smoke Flow ◽  
Emergency Operating

With the aim of evaluating capabilities of a ventilation system to control the spread of smoke in the emergency operating mode, thereby providing conditions for safe evacuation of people from a fire-struck area, computational fluid dynamics simulation of a fire in a semi-bedded garage was conducted. Using the experimental results of combustion dynamics of a passenger car on fire, optimal positions of ventilation openings were determined. According to recommendations by DIN EN 12101 standard, the operating modes of a ventilation system were verified and optimal start time of the smoke extraction system was defined.

scholarly journals Modernization of a frequency-controlled asynchronous electric drive system

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
I. V. Shestakov ◽  
N. R. Safin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Asynchronous Motor ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Sinusoidal Voltage ◽  
Pulse Width Modulated ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Asynchronous Electric Drive ◽  
Research Show

The paper introduces the results of mathematical simulation of the operating modes of an asynchronous motor when powered by a sinusoidal voltage source and a width-modulated voltage pulse source. The study shows the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of an asynchronous electric drive. Findings of research show the feasibility of studying the switching of the motor power source from a pulse width-modulated voltage to a sinusoidal voltage source in the nominal operating mode in order to increase the energy efficiency of the electric drive

Understanding and Optimizing Vessel Propulsive Power and Fuel Use: Using Duty Cycle Analysis Computations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald MacPherson ◽  
Elizabeth Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Individual

The maritime industry is in a mindset to save fuel and reduce emissions. How one achieves this end, however, can be a matter of some debate. While substantial industry effort is being placed on things that can be optimized, to achieve real benefit and financial return one must first understand the details about how the vessel consumes propulsive energy during its mission. This paper discusses a rational, simple, and effective systems engineering approach to identify power and fuel demands via computational propulsion analysis of the individual operating modes of a vessel’s duty cycle. It explains sensible consumption metrics that can be used to evaluate and compare different physical systems, strategic plans, or helm decisions. A duty cycle operating mode analysis calculation for a tugboat in multi-role service (as a harbor tug and in long haul ocean barge towing) is demonstrated using COTS software, including examples of design-side and shipboard decision options and consequences.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Speed and Waiting Time at Intersections in Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafri ◽  
Rony ◽  
Adri
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Control Direction ◽  
Intersection Control

Pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time are critical parameters for designing traffic signals and ensuring pedestrian safety. This study aimed to carry out microscopic level research on pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time at intersections in Dhaka. To fulfill this aim, crossing-related data of 560 pedestrians were collected from three intersections in Dhaka using a videography survey method. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out, and then two multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for these two parameters by using the collected data. From the results, 1.15 m/s was found to be the design pedestrian crossing speed. Results also show that the crossing speed of pedestrians was associated with intersection control type, gender, age, crossing type, crossing group size, compliance behavior with control direction, and crossing location. In case of waiting time, findings show that pedestrians did not want to wait more than 20–30 s to cross the road. Furthermore, the waiting time of the pedestrians varied with intersection control type, gender, age, minimum gap, waiting location, and vehicle flow. Findings of this study will help to alleviate traffic safety problems by designing an effective intersection control system.

Study on Micro-Grid Operating Mode Based on Game Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1272-1277
Author(s):  
Hai Jing Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Li ◽  
Guang Shi ◽  
Jun Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Management

By describing the characteristics and the prospects of commercial application of current micro-grid, this paper analyzed the possible investors, operation subject and main users of micro-grid, and built the corresponding operating modes on this basis. Furthermore, based on the existing national policies and power grid management policies, this paper conducted an analysis of the feasibility and reliability of every operating mode and worked out several operating modes which are in line with regulations of our country and at the same time ensure the security of power grid.

scholarly journals Modelling of a Power Converter with Multiple Operating Modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Feng ◽  
Luo Yutao
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
Power Inversion

In order to achieve DC voltage matching, on-board charging, and DC/AC power inversion, three independent power converters are often needed in traditional Distributed Power Converter (DPC) systems of electric vehicles (EVs): bidirectional DC/DC (Bi-DC/DC), AC/DC, and DC/AC. The requirement of electronic devices such as power switches, inductors, and capacitors make the converter costly and complicated in structure. In this paper, a power converter with multi-operating mode (PCMM) is presented. The proposed PCMM can work in Bi-DC/DC, AC/DC, and DC/AC modes. The state-space averaging model of PCMM considering resistance of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and the inductor is presented. Based on this model, the transfer function of the system is derived and the controller is designed. The simulation and experimental results show that PCMM can meet the design target and verify the feasibility of the model. The measurement results show that the weight of PCMM proposed in this paper is reduced by 51.2% compared with the traditional structure.

The Research of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Error Based on Insertion Loss and Beam-Splitting Ratio of Y-Waveguide

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang You ◽  
Ping Huang ◽  
Shao Feng Lou
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Fiber Optic Gyroscope ◽  
Beam Splitting ◽  
Splitting Ratio ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Tail Fibers

Y-waveguide is widely used in the integrated optics,among which the beam-splitting ratio and insertion loss are the most critical parameters. The measurement setups and methods for the two parameters are introduced. The temperature is the most important factor to the stability of Y-waveguide. As for the insertion loss, the measurement setup was built up based on the measurement principle, and the factors which affected the measurement of the insertion loss were analyzed. As for the beam-splitting ratio, the output luminous power for two tail fibers of Y-waveguide was measured respectively. In different temperature condition, we study the error of FOG by various beam-splitting ratio after working out the beam-splitting ratio according to the formula. Then put into compensation implement.

Reliability Analysis of Hybrid Actuation Based on GSPN

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1914-1917
Author(s):  
Li Ming Yu ◽  
Shou Qiang Wei ◽  
Tian Tian Xing ◽  
Hong Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Hybrid Actuation

Generalized stochastic Petri nets is adopted to develop the reliability models of two operating modes of the hybrid actuation system, which is composed of a SHA (Servo valve controlled Hydraulic Actuator), an EHA (Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator) and an EBHA (Electrical Back-up Hydrostatic Actuator).The dependability of hybrid actuation is got through the Markov chain which the Petri nets sate is isomorphic to and the Monte-Carlo simulation. Simulations are conducted to analyze influences of the operating mode and the fault coverage on system reliability of hybrid actuation system.

Real-Time Emissions Modeling with Environmental Protection Agency MOVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2503 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjun Park ◽  
Kyoungho Ahn ◽  
Hesham A. Rakha ◽  
Chungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Probe Vehicle ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Emissions Modeling ◽  
Scripting Language

The objective of this study was to develop a framework for real-time emissions modeling to improve ecofriendly intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. The proposed framework can be utilized for real-time ITS applications, such as ecorouting, and applications for the environment with a real-time information synthesis program. To develop a more efficient framework, a new interface with the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model was developed to enhance computational performance. In addition, a methodology that used a probe vehicle equipped with onboard equipment was suggested for collecting operating mode distribution through the network to generate input for the MOVES model. Through virtual implementation with a simulation environment developed with the Python scripting language, this study demonstrated that the proposed framework generally worked as designed. The study also investigated the effects of probe vehicle sampling size on estimation accuracy.

A novel piezoelectric actuator with two operating modes

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxiang Liu ◽  
Shengjun Shi ◽  
Jipeng Yan ◽  
Weishan Chen ◽  
Dongmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Bending Vibrations ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Maximum Thrust

A novel piezoelectric actuator with two operating modes is proposed and tested in this work, whose unique feature is that it has different mechanical output performances under two bending resonance frequencies. The proposed actuator is fabricated by bonded eight pieces of lead zirconate titanate ceramic plates on an aluminum alloy beam symmetrically. When the ceramic plates are excited by signals with resonance frequency of the first bending mode of the actuator, two bending vibrations will be superimposed to form elliptical movements on the two driving tips, which is the first operating mode. The other operating mode can be realized easily by changing the working frequency to the second bending mode of the actuator. These two operating modes are calculated and compared in detail. The prototype achieves a maximum no-load speed of 171 mm/s and maximum thrust force of 0.6 N using the first operating mode, whereas these two values are increased to be about 208 mm/s and 0.76 N under the second operating mode. The weight of the proposed piezoelectric actuator is about 17.7 g, and the maximum force weight ratio is tested to be about 42.9 N/kg.

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