EFICIÊNCIA DE COMBATE AOS INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO BRASILEIRAS

A precariedade dos planos de combate aos incêndios florestais, torna o fogo a principal ameaça às Unidades de Conservação. Os Registros de Ocorrência de Incêndios (ROIs) são estratégias para aumentar a eficiência no enfrentamento aos incêndios. Assim, com a presente pesquisa objetivou-se analisar a eficiência de combate aos incêndios florestais em Unidades de Conservação brasileiras. Foram utilizados os ROIs do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Fogo referentes ao intervalo de 2010 a 2020. Foram avaliados o número de ROIs completos e incompletos, tipos de detecção, quantidade de área queimada, tempo de detecção, de ataque e de combate. Os resultados evidenciaram que apenas 52,33% dos ROIs estavam completos e que 2019 foi o ano com mais ROIs completos. Os pontos de observação e a ronda foram os principais métodos de detecção. As unidades de conservação brasileiras sofreram com a destruição de 31.918.617,41 hectares no período analisado, que significa índice de severidade extremo. Conclui-se que as unidades de conservação brasileiras apresentam baixa eficiência de combate aos incêndios florestais, principalmente de ataque inicial e combate, sendo necessário melhorar a eficiência da detecção e combate, infraestrutura, realizar treinamentos e conscientização sobre a importância dos ROIs. Palavras-chave: proteção florestal; registro de ocorrência de incêndios; áreas protegidas. Firefighting efficiency in Brazilian Protected Areas ABSTRACT: The precariousness of plans to combat forest fires, makes fire the main threat to Protected areas. Fire Occurrence Records (ROIs) are strategies to increase efficiency in fighting fires. Thus, we aimed analyze the efficiency of fighting forest fires in Brazilian Protected Areas. ROIs by National Fire Information System for the period 2010 to 2020 were used. The number of complete and incomplete ROIs, types of detection, amount of area burned, time of detection, attack and combat were evaluated. The results showed that only 52.33% of the ROIs were complete and that 2019 was the year with the most complete ROIs. Observation points and patrol were the main detection methods. Brazilian protected areas suffered from the destruction of 31,918,617.41 hectares in the analyzed period, which means an extreme severity index. It is concluded that Brazilian protected areas have low efficiency in combating forest fires, mainly in initial attack and combat, and it is necessary to improve the efficiency of detection and combat, infrastructure, conduct training and awareness about the importance of ROIs. Keywords: forest protection; record of fire occurrences; protected areas.

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A simulation model of the growth and suppression of large forest fires in Ontario

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf06107 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Justin J. Podur ◽

David L. Martell

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Suppression ◽

Discrete Event ◽

Severe Weather ◽

Initial Attack ◽

Event Simulation ◽

Area Burned ◽

Discrete Event Simulation Model ◽

Large Fires

Most of the area burned by forest fires in Canada is due to the few fires that escape initial attack and become large. We developed a discrete event simulation model of the growth and suppression of large fires in the province of Ontario. Based on fire, weather and suppression data from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, our model includes a logistic regression component to predict the probability that a fire will escape initial attack and burn more than 100 ha, a component that simulates the growth of large fires based on weather and forest vegetation, and a component that simulates fire suppression by firefighters and aircraft. We used our model to predict area burned under mild and severe weather with varying levels of fire suppression resources. We found that, although severe weather limits fire suppression effectiveness, suppression has a significant effect on area burned even during severe fire seasons.

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A comparative analysis of forest fire policies in protected areas in Portugal and in the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil): a general approach

Territorium Revista Portuguesa de riscos prevenção e segurança ◽

10.14195/1647-7723_14_7 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Fantina Tedim ◽

Maria Lúcia de Paula Herrmann

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

The State ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Annual Average ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Area Burned ◽

Average Area

Recent data suggest that both Portugal and Brazil have seen an increase in the number of forest fires in protected areas. In Portugal, between 1992 and 2003 the annual average area burned in protected areas was 10,418 ha and in the period 2001-2005 was 16,025 ha. Nevertheless, in Brazil, the state of Santa Catarina stands out as the state recording a decrease in the number of fires. Based on these facts, the main objectives of the present research are to analyse the incidence, severity and causes of forest fires in protected areas in both countries and to assess the impacts of prevention and combat policies as well as the strategies and models implemented in the recovery of burned areas.

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Joint Regional Simulation of Annual Area Burned in Canadian Forest Fires

The Open Forest Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874398600801010037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 37-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Magnussen

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Area Burned ◽

Regional Simulation

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Empirical Research on Climate Warming Risks for Forest Fires: A Case Study of Grade I Forest Fire Danger Zone, Sichuan Province, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7773

Author(s):

San Wang ◽

Hongli Li ◽

Shukui Niu

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Danger Zone ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Area Burned ◽

Forest Fire Danger

The Sichuan province is a key area for forest and grassland fire prevention in China. Forest resources contribute significantly not only to the biological gene pool in the mid latitudes but also in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and slowing down global warming. To study and forecast forest fire change trends in a grade I forest fire danger zone in the Sichuan province under climate change, the dynamic impacts of meteorological factors on forest fires in different climatic regions were explored and a model between them was established by using an integral regression in this study. The results showed that the dominant factor behind the area burned was wind speed in three climatic regions, particularly in Ganzi and A’ba with plateau climates. In Ganzi and A’ba, precipitation was mainly responsible for controlling the number of forest fires while it was mainly affected by temperature in Panzhihua and Liangshan with semi-humid subtropical mountain climates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of temperature, precipitation and wind speed was responsible in basin mid-subtropical humid climates with Chengdu as the center and the influence of temperature was slightly higher. The differential forest fire response to meteorological factors was observed in different climatic regions but there was some regularity. The influence of monthly precipitation in the autumn on the area burned in each climatic region was more significant than in other seasons, which verified the hypothesis of a precipitation lag effect. Climate warming and the combined impact of warming effects may lead to more frequent and severe fires.

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Gangguan Hutan di KPH Kuningan Divisi Regional Jawa Barat dan Banten

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.10.3.159-165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 159-165

Author(s):

Ati Dwi Nurhayati ◽

Liana Arhami

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Forest Disturbance ◽

Forest Products ◽

Forest Disturbances ◽

Community Based ◽

Forest Protection ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Legal Remedies ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

And Control

Forest protection is an effort to prevent and control the destruction of forests, forest areas, and forest products caused by human actions, livestock, fires, pests and diseases. The aims of this research are to identify the types of forest disturbance especially those caused by humans and physically, analyze the factors causing forest disturbance, and analyze efforts to control forest disturbance at KPH Kuningan. Forest disturbances that occurred in the KPH Kuningan during 2010-2014 included: timber theft, forest fires, forest encroachment, and natural disasters. The background of forest disturbance in the Kuningan KPH is mainly due to the socio-economic conditions of the community around the forest that are still low. Strategic actions taken to prevent forest disturbance at the KPH Kuningan are to take pre-emptive actions in the form of counseling and establish good relations between officers and the community through social communication and Community Based Forest Management (PHBM), preventive actions in the form of patrols and safeguards against forest potential, and repressive actions in the form of legal remedies against the perpetrators. Key words: cause of forest disturbance, type of forest disturbance, forest disturbance control

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APPLICATION OF ABLATION MATERIALSFOR HEAT PROTECTION OF CABINS OF FIRE-FIGHTING MACHINES

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 134-141

Author(s):

Vladimir Kotenko ◽

Vladimir Abrazumov ◽

Mihail Ermochenkov

Keyword(s):

Thermal Radiation ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Thermal Protection ◽

Protective Coatings ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Main Requirement ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Intense Heat

Forest fires are accompanied by the release of a huge amount of heat, and the temperature at the edge of a forest fire, where firefighting equipment usually operates, reaches 300-700 °C. Fire engines are exposed to intense heat to extinguish forest fires. The main requirement for the design of such machines is the availability of rational thermal protection. Studies of various methods of thermal protection of cabins have showed the possibility of lowering the temperature on the inner surface of the cabin, but these methods show low efficiency. Protection of cabs from thermal radiation is not provided in the new developments of forest fire machines. It is proposed to use pre-preg coatings to protect cabins of forest fire engines. They are successfully used in spacecraft designs. Recent technologies for the production of such materials, developed recently, have significantly reduced the cost of production of these materials. It expands the possibilities of their application for other equipment subjected to intense heat exposure. The calculations have showed that the heat-protective coatings of the cabins made of pre-pregs quickly warm up to acceptable temperatures. However the use of water reserves in the tank of the car to cool the inside of the cabs provides high protection efficiency even at the limiting values of heat fluxes that occur in the fireplace. At the same time, water is not consumed; it is heated, circulating between the tank and the heat exchanger. The proposed method of protecting cabs of fire machines from thermal radiation is original one. It is a subject of further development.

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Dante’s kindling box

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal ◽

10.5206/uwomj.v86i1.2147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 22-23

Author(s):

Josiah Marquis ◽

Meriem Benlamri ◽

Elizabeth Dent ◽

Tharmitha Suyeshkumar

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Local Environment ◽

Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽

Area Burned ◽

The Relationship

Almost half of the Canadian landscape is made up of forests, but the amount of forest surface area burned every year has been growing steadily since 1960.1 This can be problematic due to the effects that forest fires have not only on the local environment but also on the globe as a whole. A forest fire or vegetation fire is defined as any open fire of vegetation such as savannah, forest, agriculture, or peat that is initiated by humans or nature.2 Vegetation fires contribute heavily to air pollution and climate change and are in turn exacerbated by them as well. Air pollution increases due to emissions from these fires, which contain 90-95% carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as methane and other volatile compounds.2 Emissions from forest fires also contribute to global greenhouse gases and aerosol particles (biomass burning organic aerosols),2 leading to indirect and direct consequences to human health. In contrast to biomass burning for household heating and cooking, catastrophic events of forest fires and sweeping grassland fires result in unique exposures and health consequences. In this case report, the relationship between environmental hazardous air pollutants and the potential physiological and psychological health effects associated with the forest fire that affected Fort McMurray, AB in May 2016 are considered.

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MODELO DE ZONEAMENTO DE RISCO DE INCÊNDIOS PARA UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO BRASILEIRAS: O CASO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO CERRADO (PR)

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v41i3.24049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Letícia Koproski ◽

Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira ◽

Johann Georg Goldammer ◽

Antonio Carlos Batista

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Fire History ◽

Fire Risk ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Slope Aspect ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Risk Map ◽

Integration Model ◽

Forest Protection ◽

Few Data

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer um modelo de zoneamento de risco de incêndios pela análise dos fatores físicos, associados às fontes de ignição e aos fatores de propagação dos incêndios, que pudesse ser aplicado à realidade da gestão das áreas protegidas em território brasileiro. Para tanto, o Parque Estadual do Cerrado foi selecionado como área de estudo. Foram produzidos mapas de riscos referentes à cobertura vegetal (V), influências humanas (H), declividade (D), orientação das encostas (E) e altimetria (A). O zoneamento foi gerado pela superposição dos mapas de risco, em função da somatória ponderada dos riscos parciais, representado pela equação: RISCO: 4V +3H + 1D + 1E + 1A. A partir do zoneamento, foi possível identificar duas áreas prioritárias para o manejo do fogo com relação ao risco de incêndios na Unidade. O modelo de integração traduziu adequadamente os níveis de risco e pode ser aplicado em outras unidades de conservação, especialmente em locais onde não existam muitos dados disponíveis sobre o histórico do fogo, ou onde existam poucos dados disponíveis sobre as áreas de estudo. Recomenda-se a utilização do modelo em locais onde não existam diferenças climáticas significativas.Palavras-chave: Mapas de risco; incêndios florestais; SIG; proteção florestal; áreas protegidas. AbstractFire risk mapping for Brazilian protected areas: the case of Cerrado State Park (PR). The aim of this research was to develop a model of forest fire risk map for Brazilian protected areas. The Cerrado State Park, located in Jaguariaíva city, State of Paraná, south of Brazil, was the focused area. The fire risk map was built up through the integrated analysis of vegetation cover (V), slope gradient (G), slope aspect (A), elevation (E), and human activities (H). For this analysis the Geographical Information System (GIS) was used. The fire risk map was the result of the overlay of the preliminary risk maps, by the model represented by the equation: RISK: 4V + 3H + 1G + 1A + 1E. The results presented that the integration model worked successfully for the area, properly managing the variables according to local characteristics and indicated two priority fire management areas in the Park. The model can be applied to protected areas with few data about fire history or few data about the area itself. The model is not recommended to be used in areas with significantly different climates.Keywords: Fire risk map; wildfires; GIS; forest protection.

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