scholarly journals A comparative analysis of forest fire policies in protected areas in Portugal and in the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil): a general approach

2007 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Fantina Tedim ◽  
Maria Lúcia de Paula Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
The State ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Average Area

Recent data suggest that both Portugal and Brazil have seen an increase in the number of forest fires in protected areas. In Portugal, between 1992 and 2003 the annual average area burned in protected areas was 10,418 ha and in the period 2001-2005 was 16,025 ha. Nevertheless, in Brazil, the state of Santa Catarina stands out as the state recording a decrease in the number of fires. Based on these facts, the main objectives of the present research are to analyse the incidence, severity and causes of forest fires in protected areas in both countries and to assess the impacts of prevention and combat policies as well as the strategies and models implemented in the recovery of burned areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of forest fires in Irkutsk region for 2010-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
T. I. Drozdova ◽  
E. V. Sorokovikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
In Fire

The urgency of the ecological problem of natural forest fires in Russia, especially in rich forests of Eastern Siberia, makes it necessary to study their features, consequences, and measures to combat them. The aim of the article is to assess the state of forest fires in Irkutsk region over the last ten years. Based on the statistical data of monitoring in 33 districts, the dynamics of fires was studied, and areas affected by fires were identified. The largest number of fires was revealed in Irkutsk and Bratsk districts. The fire rate was assessed by districts in fire hazardous periods, and the largest fire rate was identified in Bratsk, Kachug, Irkutsk, and Katanga districts. The fire indicators for 2019 were compared with the average indicators for each district. A comparative analysis of the forest fire situation in Irkutsk region and its districts was carried out. Recommendations on possible firefighting measures were provided.

scholarly journals Empirical Research on Climate Warming Risks for Forest Fires: A Case Study of Grade I Forest Fire Danger Zone, Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7773
Author(s):  
San Wang ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Shukui Niu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Forest Fire Danger

The Sichuan province is a key area for forest and grassland fire prevention in China. Forest resources contribute significantly not only to the biological gene pool in the mid latitudes but also in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and slowing down global warming. To study and forecast forest fire change trends in a grade I forest fire danger zone in the Sichuan province under climate change, the dynamic impacts of meteorological factors on forest fires in different climatic regions were explored and a model between them was established by using an integral regression in this study. The results showed that the dominant factor behind the area burned was wind speed in three climatic regions, particularly in Ganzi and A’ba with plateau climates. In Ganzi and A’ba, precipitation was mainly responsible for controlling the number of forest fires while it was mainly affected by temperature in Panzhihua and Liangshan with semi-humid subtropical mountain climates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of temperature, precipitation and wind speed was responsible in basin mid-subtropical humid climates with Chengdu as the center and the influence of temperature was slightly higher. The differential forest fire response to meteorological factors was observed in different climatic regions but there was some regularity. The influence of monthly precipitation in the autumn on the area burned in each climatic region was more significant than in other seasons, which verified the hypothesis of a precipitation lag effect. Climate warming and the combined impact of warming effects may lead to more frequent and severe fires.

scholarly journals Dante’s kindling box

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Josiah Marquis ◽  
Meriem Benlamri ◽  
Elizabeth Dent ◽  
Tharmitha Suyeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
The Relationship

Almost half of the Canadian landscape is made up of forests, but the amount of forest surface area burned every year has been growing steadily since 1960.1 This can be problematic due to the effects that forest fires have not only on the local environment but also on the globe as a whole. A forest fire or vegetation fire is defined as any open fire of vegetation such as savannah, forest, agriculture, or peat that is initiated by humans or nature.2 Vegetation fires contribute heavily to air pollution and climate change and are in turn exacerbated by them as well. Air pollution increases due to emissions from these fires, which contain 90-95% carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as methane and other volatile compounds.2 Emissions from forest fires also contribute to global greenhouse gases and aerosol particles (biomass burning organic aerosols),2 leading to indirect and direct consequences to human health. In contrast to biomass burning for household heating and cooking, catastrophic events of forest fires and sweeping grassland fires result in unique exposures and health consequences. In this case report, the relationship between environmental hazardous air pollutants and the potential physiological and psychological health effects associated with the forest fire that affected Fort McMurray, AB in May 2016 are considered.

scholarly journals Forest Fire in East Nusa Tenggara during 2015-2019: Comparison to Forest Fire in Kalimantan and Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Sumaryati ◽  
D F Andarini ◽  
N Cholianawati ◽  
A Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Total Column

Abstract East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has big forest fires following some provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra. However, forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara have less attention in forest fires discussion in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara and their impact on reducing visibility and increasing carbon monoxide (CO) from 2015 to 2019. In this study, hotspot, forest fire area, Oceanic Niño Index, visibility, and CO total column data were used to analyze the forest fires using a statistical comparison method in East Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. The result shows that the number of hotspots in East Nusa Tenggara less than in Kalimantan and Sumatra for the same forest fire area. The forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara do not harm the atmospheric environment significantly. East Nusa Tenggara dominantly consists of savanna areas with no peatland, hence, the forest biomass burning produces less smoke and CO. Furthermore, the forest fire in East Nusa Tenggara has not an impact on decreasing visibility and increasing CO total column, in contrast, visibility in Sumatra and Kalimantan has fallen to 6 km from the annual average, and CO total column rise three times of normal condition during peak fire.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL LOCATION OF FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT FOR LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FOREST FIRES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
A. A. Renkas ◽  
V. V. Popovych ◽  
A. M. Dominik
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Voronoi Diagrams ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Fire Departments

Localization and forest fire suppression is an urgent problem for the whole world. Given the heterogeneity of forests on the planet, approaches to modeling the spread of fires and their extinguishing are different. In this article a method for determining the required number of forces and means for the localization of ground forest fires is offered, taking into account the location of firefighting equipment in forests. To forecast the spread of fire, equidistant places from the fire departments in forests were chosen using Voronoi diagrams. The results of the calculation make it possible to conclude whether there are enough available forces and means to localize the predicted fire and to suggest additional firefighting equipment locations. The use of Voronoi diagrams for the State Enterprise "Zhovkva Forestry" in the Lviv region showed 12 dangerous areas, which are located the furthest from the fire departments. The method for determining the optimal location of firefighting equipment was applied to the Butynskyi forestry in Zhovkva forestry enterprise. Reducing the time of free spread of ground forest fires by 25% using rational placement of firefighting equipment and machinery, allows to reduce the number of employees for its localization by 53.8%.

Hydrological resilience to forest fire in the subarctic Canadian Shield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Spence ◽  
Newell Hedstrom ◽  
Suzanne Tank ◽  
William Quinton ◽  
David Olefeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
New Framework

<p>Forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger in the subarctic Canadian Shield, so understanding the effect of fire on catchment scale water budgets is becoming increasingly important.  The objective of this study was to determine the water budget impact of a forest fire that partially burned a ~450 km<sup>2</sup> subarctic Canadian Shield basin.  Water budget components were measured in a pair of catchments; one burnt and another unburnt. Burnt and unburnt areas had comparable net radiation, but ground thaw was deeper in burned areas.  Snowpacks were deeper in burns. Differences in streamflow between the catchments were within measurement uncertainty.  Enhanced winter streamflow from the burned watershed was evident by icing growth at the streamflow gauge location, which was not observed in the unburned catchment.  A new framework to assess hydrological resilience to forest fire across the region revealed that watersheds with higher bedrock and open water fractions are more resilient to hydrological change after fire in the subarctic shield, and resilience decreases with increasingly wet conditions.  </p>

Monitoring Forest Fire using Geo-Spatial Information Techniques and Spatial Statistics: One Case Study of Forest fire in Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqil Tariq ◽  
Hong Shu ◽  
Saima Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Forest Density ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Severity Rating

Abstract Background Understanding the spatial patterns of forest fires is of key importance for fire risk management with ecological implications. Fire occurrence, which may result from the presence of an ignition source and the conditions necessary for a fire to spread, is an essential component of fire risk assessment. Methods The aim of this research was to develop a methodology for analyzing spatial patterns of forest fire danger with a case study of tropical forest fire at Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Pakistan. A geospatial technique was applied to explore influencing factors including climate, vegetation, topography, human activities, and 299 fire locations. We investigated the spatial extent of burned areas using Landsat data and determined how these factors influenced the severity rating of fires in these forests. The importance of these factors on forest fires was analyzed and assessed using logistic and stepwise regression methods. Results The findings showed that as the number of total days since the start of fire has increased, the burned areas increased at a rate of 25.848 ha / day (R 2 = 0.98). The average quarterly mean wind speed, forest density, distance to roads and average quarterly maximum temperature were highly correlated to the daily severity rating of forest fires. Only the average quarterly maximum temperature and forest density affected the size of the burnt areas. Fire maps indicate that 22% of forests are at the high and very high level (> 0.65), 25% at the low level (0.45-0.65), and 53% at the very low level (0.25 – 0.45). Conclusion Through spatial analysis, it is found that most forest fires happened in less populated areas and at a long distance from roads, but some climatic and human activities could have influenced fire growth. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that geospatial information technique is useful for exploring forest fire and their spatial distribution.

scholarly journals Analysis of forest fire and climate variability using Geospatial Technology for the State of Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmad ◽  
Laxmi Goparaju
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Hotspot Analysis

Abstract The dynamic changes in the regimes of forest fires are due to the severity of climate and weather factors. The aim of the study was to examine the trend of forest fires and to evaluate their relationship with climate parameters for the state of Telangana in India. The climate and forest fire data were used and uploaded to the GIS platform in a specified vector grid (spacing: 0.3° x 0.3°). The data were evaluated spatially and statistical methods were applied to examine any relationships. The study revealed that there was a 78% incidence of forest fires in the months of February and March. The overall forest fire hotspot analysis (January to June) of grids revealed that the seven highest forest fire grids retain fire events greater than 600 were found in the north east of Warangal, east of Khammam and south east of Mahbubnagar districts. The forest fire analysis significantly followed the month wise pattern in grid format. Ten grids (in count) showed a fire frequency greater than 240 in the month of March and of these, three grids (in count) were found to be common where the forest fire frequency was highest in the preceding month. Rapid seasonal climate/weather changes were observed which significantly enhanced the forest fire events in the month of February onwards. The solar radiation increased to 159% in the month of March when compared with the preceding month whereas the relative humidity decreased to 47% in the same month. Furthermore, the wind velocity was found to be highest (3.5 meter/sec.) in the month of February and precipitation was found to be lowest (2.9 mm) in the same month. The analysis of Cramer V coefficient (CVC) values for wind velocity, maximum temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and precipitation with respect to fire incidence were found to be in increasing order and were in the range of 0.280 to 0.715. The CVC value for precipitation was found to be highest and equivalent to 0.715 and showed its strongest association/relationship with fire events. The significant increase in precipitation not only enhances the moisture in the soil but also in the dry fuel load lying on the forest floor which greatly reduces the fuel burning capacity of the forest. The predicted (2050) temperature anomalies data (RCP-6) for the month of February and March also showed a significant increase in temperature over those areas where forest fire events are found to be notably high in the present scenario which will certainly impact adversely on the future forest fire regime. Findings from this study have their own significance because such analyses/relationships have never be examined at the state level, therefore, it can help to fulfill the knowledge gap for the scientific community and the state forest department, and support fire prevention and control activities. There is a need to replicate this study in future by taking more climate variables which will certainly give a better understanding of forest fire events and their relationships with various parameters. The satellite remote sensing data and GIS have a strong potential to analyze various thematic datasets and in the visualization of spatial/temporal paradigms and thus significantly support the policy making framework.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF WBC/MONITORING OF FIREFIGHTERS PARTICIPATING IN RESPONSE TO CHORNOBYL FOREST FIRES IN APRIL–MAY 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
D. Bazyka ◽  
◽  
P. Fedirko ◽  
V. Vasylenko ◽  
O. Kolosynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Internal Radiation

Objective.of this study was to determine the levels of radionuclides in the rescuers’ bodies of the SES during firefighting in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and to assess the dose of internal radiation due to this receipt. Materials and methods. From 06.04.2020 to 19.05.2020 in the State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) measurements of the content of incorporated gamma radionuclides on whole body counters (WBC) operational class «Screener-3M» (Minimum detected activity (MDA) is 300–500 Bq for 5 minutes of measurement at 137Cs) and expert high-sensitivity WBC (MDA is 20 Bq for 10 minutes of measurement at 137Cs). 470 people (523 measurements) in three groups of personnel of the SES of Ukraine who took part in the forest fire liquidation in the exclusion zone in the period from April 4 to May 5, 2020 were examined. Mathematical and spectrometric methods are used in the work. Results and conclusions. In the vast majority (95 %) of the personnel of the SES of Ukraine, examined at the WBC operational class «Screener-3M» (more than 500 measurements), the assessment of the values of the individual effective dose of internal radiation due to 137Cs in the body during firefighting, assuming that it receipt occurred during operation in the exclusion zone, did not exceed the minimum dose detected by MDD (5–14 μSv). The average value of the effective dose of internal radiation in the group of personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Kyiv, which participated in the elimination of forest fires in the exclusion zone from April 4 to May 5, 2020 (26 people) studied at the expert WBC, is 2.5 ± 1.1 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in Cherkasy region, which participated in the fire on April 19–24, 2020 (9 people) – 2.2 ± 0.6 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in the Kyiv region, which took part in the elimination of the forest fire in the exclusion zone on April 4 – May 5, 2020 (42 people) – 4.4 ± 2.4 μSv. Maximum values of 5.1 μSv, 3.5 μSv, 11.8 μSv in the groups of Kyiv city, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions, respectively, which is much lower than the basic dose limit for the population from man-made sources of 1000 μSv · year-1 according to the Law of Ukraine about protection of the person against influence of ionizing radiation. Key words: forest fire, Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, internal irradiation, whole body counters, 137Сs.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO DE BRIGADISTAS DE COMBATE A INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton César Fiedler ◽  
Thiago Oliveira Rodriges ◽  
Marcelo Brilhante De Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ecological Reserve ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Job Conditions

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as condições de trabalho, treinamento, saúde e segurança dos brigadistas de combate a incêndios florestais no Distrito Federal. A pesquisa foi realizada nas Unidades de Conservação da Fazenda Água limpa, Reserva Ecológica do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Instituto Jardim Botânico de Brasília. A coleta de dados foi feita com a aplicação de um questionário em forma de entrevista individual. Participaram da avaliação todos os 53 brigadistas das Unidades de Conservação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a brigada do Jardim Botânico de Brasília tinha um alto percentual de treinados (92,8%), todos com cursos de primeiros socorros e um alto percentual de trabalhadores com problemas de saúde (33,3%). Os brigadistas da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE em sua grande maioria exerciam o trabalho por gosto pela atividade (84,6%), eram bem treinados (92,3%), todos participaram de cursos de primeiros socorros e o percentual de acidentes foi o mais baixo (7,7%). Na brigada da Fazenda Água Limpa foram encontrados os menores percentuais de treinados (39,1%), maiores percentuais de acidentes (17,4%), menores percentuais de pessoas que exerciam a função por gosto pela atividade (30,4%) e menores percentuais de pessoas com problemas de saúde (8,7%). A grande maioria dos brigadistas nas três Unidades de Conservação ressaltou a questão da necessidade de regulamentação das brigadas e atentaram para a insatisfação quanto aos equipamentos de proteção individual utilizados e inadequada reposição. ANALYSIS OF JOB CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST FIRE CREW MEMBERS IN DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRAZIL Abstract This work had as objective to evaluate the job conditions and aspects related to training, health and safety of forest fire crew members in Distrito Federal. The work was carried out at some Protected Areas including Água Limpa Farm, Ecological Reserve of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and Brasília Botanical Garden. The data was collected through individual interviews with 53 fire crew members. The results shown that the fire crew members of Brasília Botanical Garden had a high number of training for forest fires (92,8%), all members obtained first aid courses and there was a high number of health problems (33,3%). The fire crew members of IBGE Ecological Reserve shown a high percentage of satisfaction with the activity (84,6%) and forest fire training (92,3%), all members took first aid courses and there was a low accident rate (7,7%). At Água Limpa Farm there were few fire crew members with training (39,1%), high percentage of accidents (17,4%) and low percentage of health problems (8,7%). Most of the fire crew members at the three Protected Areas shown dissatisfaction with the equipment and job regulations.

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