scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF LATEX/FILLER NANOCOMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Mohamad Firdaus Omar ◽  
NURIAH MOHAMAD ◽  
Fathilah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Latex Compounding

Latex compounding which incorporates various types of clays as filler to the rubber can significantly give reinforcement in the rubber matrix when rubber/clay nanocomposites are formed, but the filler agglomerates. Thus, study was conducted by using Kaolin clay as the filler in the rubber nanocomposites with silane coupling agent to functionalize the surface of the filler. This study was done in order to investigate the mechanical properties of various functionalized Kaolin in latex nanocomposites, to prepare various ratios of Kaolin to rubber, and to characterize mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the Kaolin in latex nanocomposites. To achieve these, six types of silane coupling agents was used for Kaolin filler surface functionalization purpose during the filler’s incorporation in latex compounding. The optimized coupling agent, USi-7301 (?-chloropropyltrimetoxysilane) – with tensile strength value of 32.77 MPa, elongation at break value of 632.589 % and force at break value of 6.737 N – was used to further functionalize Kaolin filler in different ratios so as to achieve the optimum mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the filler in the polymer matrix. Universal tensile machine was used to analyze the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, while the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to observe the morphological and thermal properties of the nanocomposites, respectively. The results showed that reducing the Total Solids Content (TSC) of Kaolin filler to 26 % somehow showed the optimized properties of the nanocomposites, giving 34.00 MPa tensile strength, 576.494 % elongation at break and 6.564 N force at break. Rough surface morphology was observed under SEM suggesting the occurrence of phase separation between the hydrophilic filler and the hydrophobic rubber matrix. In the DSC plot, sample with USi-7301 and with functionalized Kaolin filler 26 % TSC showed glass transition temperature shifted to lower region compared to normal nitrile rubber. The reinforcement of nanocomposites formed will not only enhance the properties of the nanocomposites, but is also economically feasible thus brings advantages to the industry. ABSTRAK: Penyebatian lateks yang menggabungkan pelbagai jenis tanah liat sebagai pengisi dalam getah dapat memberi pengukuhan dalam matriks getah dengan ketara apabila nanokomposit getah / tanah liat terbentuk, tetapi pengisi mengagregat. Oleh itu, kajian dijalankan dengan menggunakan tanah liat Kaolin sebagai pengisi dalam nanokomposit getah dengan ejen gandingan silan untuk menambah-fungsi permukaan pengisi tersebut. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti sifat mekanik pelbagai Kaolin (yang berfungsi) dalam nanokomposit lateks, untuk menyediakan pelbagai nisbah Kaolin terhadap getah, dan untuk mencirikan sifat mekanik, haba dan morfologi Kaolin dalam nanokomposit lateks. Untuk mencapainya, enam jenis ejen gandingan silan digunakan untuk tujuan menambah-fungsi permukaan pengisi Kaolin semasa penggabungan pengisi dalam penyebatian lateks. Ejen gandingan silan yang paling optimum, USi-7301 (?-silan kloropropiltrimetoksi) - dengan nilai kekuatan tegangan 32.77 MPa, nilai pemanjangan ketika pemutusan 632.589% dan kekuatan daya ketika pemutusan 6.737 N - digunakan dengan lebih lanjut untuk menambah-fungsi pengisi Kaolin dalam nisbah yang berbeza untuk lebih mencapai sifat mekanikal, haba dan morfologi optimum pengisi dalam matriks polimer lateks. Mesin tegangan universal digunakan untuk menganalisis sifat mekanik nanokomposit, sementara Mikroskopi Elektron Pengimbasan (SEM) dan Kalorimetri Pengimbasan Berbeza (DSC) digunakan untuk menganalisa sifat morfologi dan haba nanokomposit tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan Jumlah Kandungan Pepejal (TSC) pengisi Kaolin kepada 26% menunjukkan sifat optimum nanokomposit, dengan kekuatan tegangan 34.00 MPa, pemanjangan ketika pemutusan sebanyak 576.494% dan daya ketika pemutusan sebanyak 6.564 N. Morfologi permukaan kasar diperhatikan di bawah SEM dan ia menunjukkan berlakunya pemisahan fasa antara pengisi hidrofilik dan matriks getah hidrofobik. Dalam plot DSC, sampel dengan USi-7301 dan dengan pengisi Kaolin yang difungsikan dengan 26% TSC menunjukkan suhu peralihan kaca beralih ke kawasan yang lebih rendah berbanding getah nitril biasa. Pengukuhan nanokomposit yang terbentuk bukan sahaja akan meningkatkan sifat nanokomposit, tetapi juga dapat dilaksanakan secara ekonomi sehingga memberi banyak kelebihan kepada industri.

Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Quartz/Sericite/Wollastonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2953-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fang Guan ◽  
Hui Qun Yang ◽  
Yan Qiang Yu ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Guo Bing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Parallel Arrangement

In the paper, ultrafine quartz, sericite and wollastonite modified with silane coupling agents KH-570 were incorporated into natural rubber(NR). The synergisitc effect on reinforcing NR caused by the three types of fillers was investigated under a same vulcanizing formulation and process. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the vulcanizates were conducted through mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of mechanical properties tests showed that when one of these three fillers was loaded within NR alone, the tear strength and permanent set of NR vulcanizates filled with quartz could reach 27.61 kN m-1and 16.0%, respectively, stress at 300% elongation of NR vulcanizates filled with sericite could attain 4.69 MPa, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of NR vulcanizates filled with wollastonite could get to16.64 MPa and 951.21%, respectively. Under the condition that the filler loadings were 40 parts per hundred parts of rubber(phr), and the mass ratio of quartz, sericite, wollastonite was 1:1:3, the tensile strength and tear strength could come up to 17.33MPa and 27.54 kN m-1. The mechanical properties of NR composites filled with mixtures were found to be complemented by those three types of minerals. SEM results revealed that the fillers are well dispersed in the rubber matrix in the parallel arrangement with a densest stack, and the synergistic reinforcment effect of the fillers on NR was obvious.

Preparation and Properties of Sponge Rubber Based on Natural Rubber and Cassava Starch

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Komsun Temna ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Anuwat Saetung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cure Characteristic

In this work, the sponge rubbers based on cassava starch masterbatch in latex phase with the difference technique (non-gelatinized and gelatinized cassava starch) were preformed. The cassava starch contents from 0 to 70 phr were also studied. The cure characteristic, mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. It was found that the scorch time and cure time were increased with an increasing of cassava starch contents in both techniques. The mechanical properties i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength were decreased with an increasing of cassava starch contents, except 500% modulus. However, the sponge based on gelatinized technique gave the better mechanical properties than that of non-gelatinized cassava starch. The SEM micrographs of sponge NR from gelatinized technique were also able to confirm a good interfacial interaction between hydrophilic cassava starch and hydrophobic NR.

scholarly journals Silane Coupling Agent Modifies the Mechanical Properties of a Chitosan Microfiber

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
Toshinobu Okabayashi ◽  
Saki Yasutomi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Silane Coupling

Chitosan microfibers are widely used in medical applications because they have favorable inherent properties. However, their mechanical properties require further improvement. In the present study, a trimethoxysilane aldehyde (TMSA) crosslinking agent was added to chitosan microfibers to improve their tensile strength. The chitosan microfibers were prepared using a coagulation method. The tensile strength of the chitosan microfibers was improved by crosslinking them with TMSA, even when only a small amount was used (less than 1%). TMSA did not change the orientation of the chitosan molecules. Furthermore, aldehyde derived from TMSA did not remain, and siloxane units were formed in the microfibers.

scholarly journals Reinforcing Behaviors of Sulfur-Containing Silane Coupling Agent in Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Various Vulcanization Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5163
Author(s):  
Mengxin Wang ◽  
Xiaoqian Hao ◽  
Wenju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Silane Coupling

Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) is known as an intelligent material constituted of a rubber matrix as well as soft magnetic particles. Silane coupling agents are used to raise the interplay between the inorganic particles and rubber matrix. Silane coupling agent, bis-[-3-(trimethylsilyl propyl)tetra sulfide] (Si69), was picked for comparison of its reinforcing efficiency in the MRE with various vulcanization systems: a conventional (CV), semi-efficient (semi-EV), and efficient (EV) vulcanization system. The outcome illustrated that not only was there improved Si69 surface hydrophobicity of the magnetic particles, but also enhanced Si69 in the interplay between the rubber matrix and magnetic particles. On one hand, the saturated induced magnetic modulus and zero magnetic field modulus of MRE was increased in the vulcanization system, and the loss factor was reduced after the magnetic particles were modified by Si69. On the other hand, the effect of Si69 on the MRE depended on the vulcanization system. The Si69 provided better enhancements in the EV system due to effects of the sulfur contribution of Si69.

Cellular Bi2O3/natural rubber composites for light-weight and lead-free gamma-shielding materials and their properties under gamma irradiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2199735
Author(s):  
Phakamat Limarun ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Elongation At Break

This work investigated the effects of a radiation-protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and blowing agents, namely azodicarbonamide (ADC) and oxy-bis (benzene sulfonyl) hydrazide (OBSH), on gamma attenuation and the mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of cellular natural rubber (NR) composites for potential use as light-weight and lead-free gamma-shielding materials. The contents of Bi2O3 were varied from 100 to 300 and 500 parts per hundred of rubber by weight (phr) and the contents of ADC or OBSH were varied from 0 to 8 and 16 phr. The results indicated that the addition of Bi2O3 enhanced the overall gamma-shielding ability, density, tensile modulus, and hardness (Shore OO), but lowered the tensile strength and elongation at break. On the other hand, the addition of ADC or OBSH resulted in decreases in the density, linear attenuation coefficient ( μ), and overall tensile properties but an increase in the mass attenuation coefficient ( μm), with ADC producing better mechanical properties than samples with OBSH. In addition, investigations on the properties of the cellular Bi2O3/NR composites under additional 35 kGy and 70 kGy gamma irradiation revealed that the irradiated samples had increased density, tensile modulus, and hardness (Shore OO), but decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and μm after such ageing. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that the developed cellular Bi2O3/NR composites not only had efficient and promising gamma-shielding and mechanical properties but also offered comfort and light-weight to users, which could potentially reduce discomforts caused by wearing heavier conventional radiation-protective equipment.

scholarly journals Property Correlations of Polypropylene based Composites Filled with Mimusop elengi Seed Shell Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Tan Wuan Chien ◽  
Mathialagan Muniyadi ◽  
Yamuna Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Shell Powder

Abstract The saturation point of Mimusop elengi seed shell powder (MESSP) and the effect of MESSP addition on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were studied. Tensile fracture, physio-mechanical properties and thermal behavior of composites were characterized using tensile and impact testing, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron micrograph, and differential scanning calorimetry. Processability of composites were feasible up to 20 wt. % MESSP by which agglomeration of MESSP and poor dispersion of MESSP in PP was observed above 20 wt% MESSP loading. Increasing MESSP loading showed tremendous improvement in tensile modulus and impact strength, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break were reduced. Water absorption and thermal decomposition of composites remain comparable with addition of MESSP up to 20 wt. %. Reduction of tensile strength was attributed by weak adhesion between MESSP and PP. However, morphological analysis revealed the presence of physical interaction via PP chain interlocking on MESSP surface.

Effects of Carbon Nanotube on Tensile and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR and NR/XSBR Nanocomposites Prepared by Latex Compounding

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud ◽  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Latex Compounding

In this study, natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) and NR/carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (NR/XSBR) nanocomposites with carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by a latex compounding method. The dry weight ratio of either NR/SBR or NR/XSBR was fixed to 80/20 and the CNT loading in each blend was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 phr. The nanocomposite latices were cast into sheets on a glass mold and then cured at 80°C for 3 h. The tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain, elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss tangent) of the vulcanizates were then evaluated. The results showed that the addition of CNT at a very loading could enhance the tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain and storage modulus of these two rubber bends in a dose dependent manner, except that the tensile strength peaked at an optimum filler level, declining at higher filler loadings, whilst the elongation at break deteriorated. Moreover, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% strain of the NR/XSBR nanocomposites appeared to be higher than those of the NR/SBR nanocomposites at the same CNT loadings.

scholarly journals Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Modification of Areca Fiber/Natural Latex

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Yiren Pan ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyao Zhu ◽  
Huiguang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this paper, the areca fiber was extracted by physical and chemical treatment, and then the areca fiber/natural latex composite was prepared by natural latex impregnation technology. In order to combine areca fiber and natural rubber latex better, three silane coupling agents with different action mechanism were selected: Si−69, KH550, and KH570 which were used to treat the areca fiber/natural latex compound. The results show that the silane coupling agent can change the surface of the fiber from hydrophilic surface to organophilic surface, making the bonding of areca fiber to natural latex more closely. At the same time, the mechanical properties, physical and mechanical properties, swelling properties, and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the tightly bonded areca fiber/nature latex composites were improved. After observing the micro-structure through a scanning electron microscope, it was found that the three silane coupling agents could effectively bind areca fiber and natural latex to enhance the performance of the composite material, of which Si−69 performed best, and the tensile strength and tear strength of the composite increased by 21.19% and 12.90% respectively.

Physical Properties of Rice Husk Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladawan Srisuwan ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

In this study, rice husk fiber (RHF) was used as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). NR composites were prepared at various RHF contents, i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr. Sulfur conventional vulcanization was used. Effect of RHF content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphological properties of NR composites were investigated. The results showed that scorch and cure times of RHF/NR composites were not affected by increasing RHF content. Crosslink density, tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of NR composites slightly decreased with increasing RHF content whereas M100 and M300 of the composites slightly increased with increasing RHF content.

The Effects of Kenaf Loadings and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Waste Tire Dust/Kenaf (Pp/WTD/KNF) Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Ling Pang ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Internal Mixer

The mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/waste tire dust (WTD)/kenaf (KNF) composites with and without 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent were investigated. The composites were prepared using a Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer, where different KNF loading (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 phr) were used. The results revealed that the tensile modulus increased with increasing KNF loading but tensile strength and elongation at break were found decreased. Composites with APTES give higher tensile strength and modulus but lower elongation at break than composites without APTES. The presence of APTES enhanced the interfacial adhesion between PP/WTD matrices and KNF which result in higher tensile strength and modulus of the composites. These findings were supported by the morphological study of the tensile fractured surfaces of the composites.

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