scholarly journals Synergistic effects of Persicaria odorata (Daun Kesom) leaf extracts with standard antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ridzuan ◽  
Hairul Aini Hamzah ◽  
Anis Shah ◽  
Norazian Mohd Hassan ◽  
Baharudin Roesnita
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activity of different types of P. odorata leaf extracts was evaluated in combination with standard antibiotics. Persicaria. odorata leaves were extracted with n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH).  Each extract was applied on vancomycin (30µg), erythromycin (15µg) and gentamicin (10µg) discs, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the synergistic activity of each combination on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was performed on the active extract. Synergistic effects seen were mainly from the n-hex+antibiotics combinations, mainly on the Gram-positive bacteria (7 additive, 5 antagonistic), with MIC range from 50 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (2 additive, 2 indifferent, 5 antagonistic). In particular, synergism showed by the combination of n-hex+van were all additive against the susceptible bacteria. DCM extract combination showed synergistic effects on three Gram-positive species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes). Meanwhile, MeOH+antibiotics combination showed significant additive synergistic effects (p<0.05) on S. aureus and S. epidermidis.  The major compounds of leaves extract were decanal and β-citral. n-Hex extract superiorly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria growth as compared to DCM and MeOH extracts. The additive synergistic property of the n-hex P. odorata extract could be further studied for possible use as an antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Ritu Kumari Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (LINN.) G. DON. VAR. “ROSEA” AND “ALBA”

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amresh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Ambasta ◽  
Surendra Kumar Prasad ◽  
M. P. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Life Saving

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. “rosea” and “alba”) under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety “rosea” and “alba” was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions.Results: Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species “rosea” and “alba” exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive.Conclusion: From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” could be efficiently used in the development of new life-saving drugs against bacterial pathogens. 

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

scholarly journals TEICOPLANIN RESISTANCE IN GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL ISOLATE: AN EMERGING THREAT

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
SATISH CHANDEL ◽  
PARAG SHARMA ◽  
PRATIK AKHANI ◽  
RAMESH AGRAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Central India ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
The Future

Objectives: Development of antimicrobial resistance in microorganism isolated from blood stream infection constitutes a major concern about their treatment. Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria. This study was planned to determine Teicoplanin resistance in the Central India and recommend policy changes for prevention of the future resistance to the higher antibiotics. Methods: A total of 1855 septicemia suspected blood samples were studied. The blood culture samples were processed and identified in the microbiology laboratory according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Kirby B disk diffusion method. Results: About 39.5% of blood culture samples showed positive growth for organism. We observed high teicoplanin resistance (29.5%) among Gram-positive isolates, predominantly (53%) in the Enterococcus species. Conclusion: Teicoplanin resistance has emerged tremendously in the present study. Hence, attention is required about this serious issue otherwise very limited choice of antibiotics will be available for treating infections in the future.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium guajavaL.) on Two Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipul Biswas ◽  
Kimberly Rogers ◽  
Fredrick McLaughlin ◽  
Dwayne Daniels ◽  
Anand Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Guava Leaves

Aim.To determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts against two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coliandSalmonella enteritidis) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage bacteria. The guava leaves were extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). The efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria through a well-diffusion method employing 50 μL leaf-extract solution per well. According to the findings of the antibacterial assay, the methanol and ethanol extracts of the guava leaves showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas the gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all the solvent extracts. The methanol extract had an antibacterial activity with mean zones of inhibition of 8.27 and 12.3 mm, and the ethanol extract had a mean zone of inhibition of 6.11 and 11.0 mm againstB. cereusandS. aureus, respectively. On the basis of the present finding, guava leaf-extract might be a good candidate in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent. This study provides scientific understanding to further determine the antimicrobial values and investigate other pharmacological properties.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic and Watery Extracts to Fruit of Berberis vulagaris on growth of some species of pathogenic bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-81
Author(s):  
Rana Ali Hassan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
High Effect

This study was done to test the activity of watery and alcohol extract of the fruit of Berberisvulagaris against of two species of gram positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcusaureus also ,two species of negative gram bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agarwell diffusion method, the results showed that the alcohol extract of the Berberis vulagaris withhigh activity against gram positive and the effect was increase with the increasing of theconcentration. While the watery and alcohol extract has a high effect on gram negative bacteriawhich effect only with high concentration, while there is no effect in low concentration and theresults showed that the alcohol extract of the Berberis vulagaris with high activity against grampositive compare with watery extract. MIC and MBC were measured and the results wereidentical for the previous results, for the effect of both extracts on the growth of gram negativeand positive bacteria HPLC analysis was don for Berberis vulagaris which is quantitative andqualitative assay to measure the concentration of some alkaloid compound Tetrandrine,Chondocurine, bamine, which be with high ratio on Tetrandrine compound 38.42, the rate ofalkaloid compound in fruit of Berberis vulagaris was higher

scholarly journals Antibacterial efficacy of Bacopa monnieri leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Viqar Khan ◽  
Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Indu Shukla ◽  
Athar Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Abstract Background: Bacopa monnieri (Linn) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia, and used in the treatment of cough or as an antiseptic. The traditional use of this plant suggests its possible antibacterial properties, but its efficacy has not been examined yet. Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Materials and methods: Five different concentrations (500 μg, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL) of crude leaf extracts of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell were tested for antibacterial efficacy against seven Gram-positive and 11 Gramnegative bacteria. The sensitivity of plant fractions was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results: Maximum activity was revealed by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, followed by aqueous, benzene, and petrol extracts. Phyto-chemical analysis of the plant leaf showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Conclusion: This plant may be effective for treatment of different pathogenic diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial efficacy of black seed honey in combination with penicillin and amoxiclav against gram-positive bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Rozely Hossain ◽  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
M. A. Rayhan ◽  
Kashfia Nawrin ◽  
Mohammad M. Billah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The emergence of antimicrobial resistance possesses a great threat for the existence of mankind. Antibiotics like penicillin and amoxiclav are at the brink of losing their efficacy entirely in exposure to resistant bacteria. Thus, the present study was aimed to find out the antibacterial efficacy of black seed honey as an alternative natural source which can act independently and boost the efficacy of standard drugs alongside.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Penicillin, amoxiclav and black seed honey were first individually trailed against four gram-positive bacteria - <em>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis </em>and<em> Micrococcus luteus</em>.<strong> </strong>Afterwards, penicillin and amoxiclav were used in combination with honey and compared the synergistic effects with their individual efficacy. Zones of inhibition from well diffusion method, percentage inhibition, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations by microdilution method were determined in the present study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Black seed honey alone demonstrated great inhibitory potential against <em>S. aureus </em>(9.7 mm), <em>S. epidermidis </em>(9.9 mm) and <em>M. luteus</em> (9.3 mm) in well diffusion method. Moreover, its combination with amoxiclav showed synergistic effect against all bacteria except <em>S. epidermidis</em>. However, its conjugation with penicillin was not able to produce any synergism as exhibited by zones of inhibition. The lowest concentration (1.56%) of honey applied individually or in combination in microdilution method found<strong> </strong>highly effective which established an inverse dose dependent relationship with efficacy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From the data it can be concluded that the black seed honey is a highly potent natural agent which can be utilized in antimicrobial therapy. However, further investigation is recommended to identify the responsible compound for such activity.</p>

Antimicrobial activity of three species of Phyllanthus (quebra-pedra) and its commercial product

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Tássia Campos de Lima Silva ◽  
Jorge Veras Filho ◽  
Janete Magali Araújo ◽  
Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque ◽  
Vânia Teixeira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the antimicrobial activity of three plant species of the genus Phyllanthus (P. amarus Schum. and Thom., P. tenellus Roxb. and Phyllanthus niruri L.) and its commercial dye (phytotherapic), opposite the bacteria and yeasts. Methods: we evaluated the antimicrobial activity against microorganisms by disk diffusion method, and then evaluated minimum inhibitory concentration of the best results from the microdilution method. Results: the medicinal species have antimicrobial activity to Gram-positive bacteria. The commercial dye showed significant antimicrobial activity. The extracts showed the best activity for S. aureus (P. amarus with MIC 0.16 mg / mL and P. tenellus with MIC 0.10 mg / mL), opposite to B. subtilis results were also satisfactory (P. amarus 0.25 mg / mL and P. tenellus 0.30 mg / mL). The commercial dye showed MIC greater than 1mg/ml only for S. aureus with MIC of 0.70 mg / mL, and for B. subtilis showed MIC 1.10 mg / mL. With respect to the yeast, all substances were less significant than for gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.70 to 1mg/ml for crude extracts and 1.10 to 1.20 mg / mL for the dyeing trade. Conclusion: this study showed the potential antibacterial and antifungal therapeutic value of these species can be better evaluated. Descriptors: Phyllanthus, MIC, antimicrobial, fungicide. RESUMOObjetivo: determinar a atividade antimicrobiana de três espécies de plantas do gênero Phyllanthus (P. amarus Schum e Thom.,  P. tenellus Roxb. e Phyllanthus niruri L.) e de sua tintura comercial (fitoterápico), frente a bactérias e leveduras. Métodos: foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana frente a microrganismos através do método de disco difusão, em seguida foram avaliadas as concentrações mínimas inibitórias dos melhores resultados a partir do método da microdiluição. Os extratos apresentaram melhor atividade para S. aureus (P. amarus com MIC 0,16 mg/mL e P. tenellus com MIC  0,10 mg/mL), frente a B. subtilis os resultados também foram satisfatórios (P. amarus 0,25mg/mL e P. tenellus 0,30mg/mL). A tintura comercial apresentou MIC maior que 1mg/mL apenas para S. aureus com MIC de 0,70mg/mL, já para B. subtilis apresentou MIC 1,10mg/mL. Com relação as leveduras, todas as substâncias resultaram ser menos expressivos  que para as bactérias gram-positivas, variando de 0,70 a 1mg/mL para os extratos brutos e 1,10 a 1,20 mg/mL para a tintura comercial. Conclusão: este estudo mostrou o potencial antibacteriano e antifúngicos destas espécies cujo valor terapêutico pode ser melhor avaliado. Descritores: Phyllanthus, CMI, antimicrobiana, fungicida. RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la actividad antimicrobiana de tres especies de plantas del género Phyllanthus (P. amarus Schum y Thom., P. tenellus Roxb. y Phyllanthus niruri  L.) y su tinte comercial (phytotherapic), frente a las bacterias y levaduras. Métodos: se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana contra microorganismos por el método de difusión en disco y, a continuación, detectado concentración mínima inhibitoria de los mejores resultados de la microdilución método. Resultados: los medicamentos especies actividad antimicrobiana de las bacterias Gram-positivas. El tinte comercial mostraron un importante actividad antimicrobiana. Los extractos mostraron la mejor actividad para S. aureus (P. amarus MIC con 0,16 mg / ml y P. tenellus MIC con 0,10 mg / ml), frente a B. subtilis resultados también fueron satisfactorios (P. amarus 0,25 mg / ml y P. tenellus 0,30 mg / ml). El tinte comercial mostró superior a 1mg/ml MIC sólo para S. aureus con CMI de 0,70 mg / ml, y para B. subtilis mostró MIC 1,10 mg / mL. Con respecto a la levadura, todas las sustancias eran menos importantes que para las bacterias gram-positivas, que van desde 0,70 a 1mg/ml de extractos crudos y de 1,10 a 1,20 mg / ml de tintura para el comercio. Conclusión: este estudio demostró el potencial antibacteriano y antimicótico valor terapéutico de estas especies pueden ser mejor evaluadas. Descriptores: Phyllanthus, CMI, los antibióticos, fungicidas. 

Antimicrobial And Synergistic Activity of The Drug Association of Allium Sativum And Antibiotics Against Group B Streptococcus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa Lima ◽  
Maria Thereza Gamberini ◽  
Domingos Sávio Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Ismael Silva Junior ◽  
Kátia Andrea de Menezes Torres
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Maternal colonization by Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal infection due to vertical transmission from mother to fetus before or during labor. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of SP80 (obtained from RGE) and its synergism associated with the antibiotic against strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. Biomonitoring of SP80 disclosed antimicrobial activity only in fractions F18, F19, F20 and F42. The broth microdilution was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of SP80 and fractions from SP80 and to establish the MIC of SP80 (2.40 mg/mL). By using the disk diffusion method, fifty-five clinical isolates of S. agalactiae and 1 ATCC were tested against the association of SP80 with antibiotic penicillin G and ampicillin, respectively, for synergistic assessment. The association of SP80 with penicillin G showed that the mean of the inhibition halos decreased, but it was not significant, with p<0.07. In contrast, the association of SP80 with ampicillin caused the mean inhibition halos to increase with a p<0.001, a significant result. SP80 has antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Gram-positive bacteria, and the association with the antibiotic ampicillin showed a synergistic effect, which did not occur when in association with penicillin G.

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