scholarly journals دور الأدب المقارن في عالميّة الأدب الإسلاميّ: دراسة تاريخية وصفية (The Role of Comparative Literature in the Globalization of the Islamic literature: A Historical and Descriptive Study)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
يوسف مسلم أبو العدوس (Yusuf Muslim Abu al-Oudos)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
The One ◽  
Islamic Literature

ملخص البحث:تهدف هذه الدراسةُ إلى إبراز دور الأدب المقارن في خدمة الآداب الإسلاميّة، وإيصالها إلى جميع أنحاء العالم؛ إذ اعترفَ الأدب المقارن منذ بداياته بعالميّة الأدب الإسلاميّ، وتأثيره في الآداب العالميّة، وبخاصّة الأدب الأوروبيّ، ومن هذا المنطلق يمكن تحديد الخطوط العريضة لهذه الدراسة على الشكل الآتي: العوامل التي ساعدت وتساعد في عالميّة الأدب الإسلاميّ، وأثر بعض الأعمال الأدبيّة العربيّة في آداب الأمم الأخرى، ومن هذه الأعمال: قصة مجنون ليلى، وقصة حيّ بن يقظان، وكتاب ألف ليلة وليلة، وكتاب كليلة ودِمنة، وأخيرا الوقوف عند التأثيرات الإسلامية في الكوميديا الإلهية، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن الآداب العربية والكتب كان لها الأثر البليغ في الآداب الغربية.الكلمات المفتاحية: الأدب المقارن- العالمية–  مجنون ليلى– حي بن يقظان– ألف ليلة وليلة.Abstract:This study aims at pointing out the positive role of comparative literature in uplifting the Islamic literature and conveying it to the rest of the world. Since the dawn of its emergence, it has been acknowledging the globalized characteristics of the Islamic literature and the influences that it bore on the world literatures and in particular the Europen literature. From this point, it is possible to determine the general overview for this study:  the factors that had helped and are still helping in globalizing the Islamic Literature, the influences of some Arab literary works on the literatures of other nations such as: The story of Majnūn and Laylā, The Story of Ḥayy b. Yaqaẓān, The One thousand and One Nights, The Kalīlah wa Dimnah. Finally the study will shed the light on the Islamic influences in the Divine comedy. It concluded that traces of influences of Arabic literature are inherent in the Western literature.Keywords: Comparative Literature– Globalization– Laylā Majnūn- Ḥayy b. Yaqaẓān– One thousand and One Night.Abstrak:Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan peranan positif sastera bandingan dalam menaikkan sastera Islam dan menyampaikan ke seluruh dunia. Sejak daripada permulaan kemunculannya, ia telahpun memperakui ciri-ciri global sastera Islam dan pengaruh-pengaruhnya yang di dapati dalam kesusasteraan dunia dan khususnya kesusasteraan Eropah. Bertitik tolak daripada pemerhatian ini, tinjauan am untuk kajian ini adalah berdasarkan kepada: faktor-faktor yang telah dan masih membantu dalam melonjakkan sastera Islam diperingkat global, pengaruh-pengaruh beberapa karya sastera Arab terhadap kesusasteraan kelompok bangsa lain seperti: Kisah Laylā dan Majnūn, kisah  Ḥayy b. Yaqaẓān, kisah seribu satu malam, kisah Kalīlah wa Dimnah. Kajian akan turut memberikan perhatian kepada pengaruh-pengaruh Islam dalam komedi ketuhanan serta akan turut menyimpulkan kesan-kesan serta pengaruh-pengaruh kesusasteraan Arab yang sedia ada dalam kesusasteraan barat.Kata kunci: Sastera Bandingan– Globalisasi– Laylā Majnūn–  Ḥayy b. Yaqaẓān– Seribu satu Malam.

scholarly journals Grammar writing for a grammar-reading audience

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
User Friendly

Thousands of languages are currently in danger of extinction without having been adequately documented by linguists. This fact represents a tragedy for communities in which endangered languages are spoken, for linguistics as a discipline and for all of humanity. One major role of the field of linguistics is to describe languages accurately and thoroughly for the benefit of all concerned. This paper presents the results of an informal survey of major users of grammatical descriptions and gives lists of dos and don’ts for those contemplating a descriptive study of one of the many endangered languages of the world. Concrete suggestions are provided that will help grammar writers produce user-friendly, thorough and useful grammatical descriptions.

scholarly journals Conflicts in the environment of Russian political emigration in Switzerland in 1870

10.33287/1195 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Ю. І. Коломоєць
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Section

Russian political emigration from the beginning of its birth in the first half of the nineteenth century was constantly in search of forms and methods of struggle with royal power in the homeland. Detachment from Russia, the feeling of isolation that was inherent in emigration to the early twentieth century, were an important factor in the ongoing conflicts that took place in its environment. We note the conflicts between the «old» and the «young» emigration in the late 1860’s, between the Marxists and the populists of the 1880’s, between the revolutionary Marxists and the «economists» at the end of the 1890’s. All of these, as a rule, were due to excessive the ambitions of some leaders, the attempt to become the «rulers of ideas» for revolutionary youth, due to significant financial problems. In the list of these and similar conflicts there are events of 1870, when in the environment of political emigration there are two serious confrontations between the leader of anarchists M. Bakunin on the one hand and S. Nechaev or «Russian section of the First International» - on the other. These conflicts significantly influenced the situation in emigration, disorganized it, weakened the ability to fight the tsarist regime. They were accompanied by sharp accusations, searches for compromising materials, attempts to get support from leaders of the world revolutionary movement. The ambitions of young revolutionaries such as S. Nechaev or M. Utin were also connected with the attempt to take the main place among the emigrants, moving to the background of former leaders M. Bakunin, M. Ogarev, P. Lavrov. All this led to split in emigrant colonies, which consisted mainly of student youth. Violent discussions, accusations, boycotts became a hallmark of emigrant life. Basically, all these events took place in Switzerland, which at that time already became the center of not only Russian, but also international political emigration. Conflicts were directed at the political annihilation of the opponents, which subsequently resulted in the arrest and extradition to the Russian government of S. Nechaev in 1872, the cessation of the activities of the Russian Section of the First International and the return of M. Utin to Russia and the cessation of revolutionary activity in general. The positive side of these conflicts was the rallying of emigrants around their leaders, better information on the state of affairs in their environment, the development of new forms and methods of interaction and the strengthening of the role of revolutionaries from Russia itself.

scholarly journals PERAN RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP REGULASI EMOSI PADA KOMUNITAS HIJRAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ratna Purnamasyary ◽  
Sito Meiyanto ◽  
Mohammad Khasan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
A Value ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Contribution

Hijrah is a changing the one self of a person, from a bad to be a better person. This study aims to examine the role of religiosity on emotional regulation in the hijrah community.The subject in this research are the ikhwan and akhwat in hijrah community “X” with the total of 100 respondents. The measuring instrument used in this study is the religiosity scale and emotional regulation scale. This study used quantitative methods and for the sampling the researcher used incidental sampling techniques.The method used for the data analysis is a simple regression analysis and an additional age and gender analysis using the cross tabulation analysis (crosstab) with the help of SPSS 21.0. The results of data analysis showed a regression coefficient of 0.379 with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.01), indicating that the hypothesis proposed in this study was accepted, that there was a significant positive role between religiosity towards emotional regulation in ikhwan and akhwat in the hijrah community. The result of the additional analysis using crosstab shows that the most dominant age of the subject are between 20 to 25 years old and the most dominant gender is akhwat. Effective contribution of religiosity towards emotional regulation is 0,144 or 14,4% and the rest is 85.6% influenced by others factors that is gender, age, culture and education.

scholarly journals Competențele – expresie a rezultatelor școlare

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Elena Ramona Cenușe
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Education School ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning

In the Romanian educational system, the concept of competence is relatively new, its appearance and use being related to the curricular perspective of educational organization. Synthetically, competence can be defined as ”an ensamble of `savoir faire` (know how) and `savoir-e’tre’ (manners) allowing a good accomplishment of a role, of a function or of an activity” (D`Hainaut). The model of curricular projection centered on competences is meant to improve the efficiency of the internal structure of the curriculum, and of the teaching, learning and evaluation processes. This ”new educational target” aims to: -focus on the final learnig acquisitions; accenuate the action-related dimension of the pupil’s personality; clearly define the school offer according to the pupil’s interests and skills, and to social expectations. Thus it is possible for the modern education to assume an increasing autonomy for the one who learns, so that the differences between the world of education/school/ the didactic process and the real (social, professional) world may palpably decrease.

appealed to the Queen on being besieged by the wild sense, especially in the concluding cantos, of leaving Irish (see Vi4.1n). In reading this ‘darke conceit’, an iron world to enter a golden one. But do these no one could have failed to recognize these allusions. ways lead to an end that triumphantly concludes the The second point is that Spenser’s fiction, when 1596 poem, or to an impasse of the poet’s imaginat-compared to historical fact, is far too economical ive powers? For some readers, Book VI relates to the with the truth: for example, England’s intervention earlier books as Shakespeare’s final romances relate in the Netherlands under Leicester is, as A.B. Gough to his earlier plays, a crowning and fulfilment, ‘a 1921:289 concludes, ‘entirely misrepresented’. It summing up and conclusion for the entire poem and would seem that historical events are treated from for Spenser’s poetic career’ (N. Frye 1963:70; cf. a perspective that is ‘far from univocally celebratory Tonkin 1972:11). For others, Spenser’s exclamation or optimistic’, as Gregory 2000:366 argues, or in of wonder on cataloguing the names of the waters what Sidney calls their ‘universal consideration’, i.e. that attend the marriage of the Thames and the what is imminent in them, namely, their apocalyptic Medway, ‘O what an endlesse worke haue I in hand, import, as Borris 1991:11–61 argues. The third | To count the seas abundant progeny’ (IV xii point, which is properly disturbing to many readers 1.1–2), indicates that the poem, like such sixteenth-in our most slaughterous age, especially since the century romances as Amadis of Gaul, could now go matter is still part of our imaginative experience as on for ever, at least until it used up all possible virtues Healy 1992:104–09 testifies, is that Talus’s slaughter and the poet’s life. As Nohrnberg 1976:656 aptly of Irena’s subjects is rendered too brutally real in notes, ‘we find ourselves experiencing not the allegorizing, and apparently justifying, Grey’s atrocit-romance of faith or chastity, but the romance of ies in subduing Irish rebels (see V xii 26–27n). Here romance itself ’. For still others, there is a decline: Spenser is a product of his age, as was the Speaker ‘the darkening of Spenser’s spirit’ is a motif in many of the House of Commons in 1580 in reporting studies of the book, agreeing with Lewis 1936:353 the massacre of Spanish soldiers at Smerwick: ‘The that ‘the poem begins with its loftiest and most Italians pulled out by the ears at Smirwick in solemn book and thence, after a gradual descent, Ireland, and cut to pieces by the notable Service of a sinks away into its loosest and most idyllic’; and with noble Captain and Valiant Souldiers’ (D’Ewes Neuse 1968:331 that ‘the dominant sense of Book 1682:286). As this historical matter relates to Book V, VI is one of disillusionment, of the disparity between it displays the slaughter that necessarily attends the the poet’s ideals and the reality he envisions’; or that triumph of justice, illustrating the truth of the common the return to pastoral signals the failure of chivalry in adage, summum ius, summa iniuria, even as Guyon’s Book V to achieve reform (see DeNeef 1982b). destruction of the Bower shows the triumph of tem-Certainly canto x provides the strong sense of an perance. This is justice; or, at best, what justice has ending. As I have suggested, ‘it is as difficult not to become, and what its executive power displayed in see the poet intruding himself into the poem, as it is that rottweiler, Talus, has become, in our worse than not to see Shakespeare in the role of Prospero with ‘stonie’ age as the world moves towards its ‘last the breaking of the pipe, the dissolving of the vision, ruinous decay’ (proem 2.2, 6.9). In doing so, Book and our awareness (but surely the poet’s too) that his V confirms the claim by Thrasymachus in Plato’s work is being rounded out’ (1961a:202). Republic: justice is the name given by those in power Defined as ‘doing gentle deedes with franke to keep their power. It is the one virtue in the poem delight’ (vii 1.2), courtesy is an encompassing virtue that cannot be exercised by itself but within the book in a poem that sets out to ‘sing of Knights and Ladies must be over-ruled by equity, circumvented by mercy, gentle deeds’ (I proem 1.5). As such, its flowering and, in the succeeding book, countered by courtesy. would fully ‘fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline’ (Letter to Raleigh 8). Courtesy: Book VI

2014 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Keyword(s):  
Strong Sense ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Empiricism, Perception and Conceptual Change

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
World Line ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Conceptual Revolution

In recent times it has become fashionable to emphasize the role of conceptual change in the (philosopher's) history of science. To judge from recent writers (Feyerabend 5-9, Kuhn 18), every significant theoretical change in science is first and foremost a revolution in scientific concepts—a conceptual revolution. According to this view, every level of experience is affected by each fundamental theoretical change: physical theory, experimental practice and even perceptual experience. The Aristotelian patrician who watched the sun sink beneath the horizon not only had different beliefs (theory) about the phenomenon but actually saw something different from the Newtonian gentleman who saw the horizon rise above his eye-sun line, and the Einsteinian professional who saw the sun's varying geometrical relations to the world light-geodesics on which successive temporal stages of his eye world-line lay. Moreover, such is the completeness of the conceptual-experiential shifts undergone in a fundamental scientific change that it is impossible to meaningfully discuss the one theory within the confines of the other or, indeed, to provide any systematic, cumulative comparison of successive theories.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-721
Author(s):  
Samah Selim
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
Unites States

The question that the five literary scholars participating in this roundtable have set out to answer is the following: “How has ‘theory’ affected the field of Arabic literature in the Unites States and vice versa?” By theory, we understand both the entire range of poststructuralist critical practice that emerged through continental philosophy in the 1960s and the canonical disciplinary object that came to dominate departments of literature in the United States in the 1980s. Most of us were beginning our graduate careers around this latter decade, in departments of Middle East studies or English and comparative literature, and experienced firsthand that moment of encounter referred to in the following essays. A couple of decades later, and irrespective of our institutional locations, all of us, as a matter of course, continue to work at the intersection between national traditions and the world of theory, as do our colleagues in the field and our graduate students. At the same time, there was a feeling amongst us of being at a crossroads of sorts—a certain sense of malaise, or perhaps urgency, that manifested itself in a recurring set of questions about the field here and now: questions about history and reading, about translation and audiences, and about institutional and cultural politics, that all somehow emerged from the era of sanctions and war during which we came of age and that now haunt the time of revolution in which we live. If the present roundtable raises more questions than it answers, we hope that it will at least initiate a broader discussion about the practice and purpose of the discipline of Arabic literature in the American humanities today.

Nauka wobec wyzwań współczesnej rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chodubski
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Productive Force ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
The One

It is indicated in the lecture that science, as human activity that aims at the objective recognition of a person and his universe, is nowadays perceived as a fundamental power that generates the cultural and civilizational nature of mankind and the world around it. The widening horizon of cultural life has been changing and still changes the scientific and research challenges, including the way, in which science is defined. At present, scientific and technological progress, legal solutions, educational requirements, constantly generate new challenges for science and make it a productive force. The role of social and political sciences that until recently strived to make their ways to achieve the title of science that is a methodologically structured knowledge about human, society and the world, has been changing.At present, the place of social and political reality in the sphere of scientific cognition is perceived as dichotomous – on the one hand, due to the methodology of researches, including attempts to compare them with exact sciences, their scientific separateness is assessed critically; however, on the other hand, taking into account the worked out methods and ways of defining cultural and civilizational reality, explantation of occurrences, processes, humanistic and social values, they are set in the classical science studies, as a whole.

Religion, Conflict, and Reconciliation: Ecumenical Initiatives Amidst Human Brokenness and Community Division

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Jerald D. Gort
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractAfter reflecting on the ambiguous role of religion in terms of violence, Jerald D. Gort in this article outlines, first, the conditions for true reconciliation among peoples (acknowledgement of Christian complicity; no cheap reconciliation; no utopian enthusiasm; no fatalistic view of human capacity); then, second, he outlines the initiatives ofthe World Council of Churches (WCC) toward justice and reconciliation in the world. Such initiatives involve the struggle against injustice on the one hand and a practice of the "wider ecumenism" (dialogue of histories, theologies, spiritualities, and life) on the other.

Mit der Großstadt aus der Armut: Eine neue Theorie der Industrialisierung

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is no doubt that industrialization was the main cause of modern economic welfare. The reasons for more or less industrialization in various regions of the world have been discussed widely for decades. However, a closer examination reveals that none of the controversial arguments and explanations put forward stand the test of empirical scrutiny. What has previously been ignored is the central role of large cities in provoking industrialization. Given all the other preconditions necessary for industrialization, it was finally the mass markets of large cities that made industrial mass production profitable for potential entrepreneurs. Thus, wherever large cities and urban agglomerations emerged in the world, industrialization followed suit. In a global and comparative perspective, industrialization was not so much a matter of countries but rather a matter of regions dividing the world into highly urbanized, industrialized and more prosperous regions on the one side, and still primarily rural, preindustrial and poorer regions on the other..

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