scholarly journals Use of fiber-glass materials for protection of industrial pipes against corrosion

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Т. P. Venhrynyuk ◽  
V. Ya. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Polyurethane Coating ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Dry Conditions

A method to increase the resistance to spread of crack-like and corrosion defects on the outer surface of pipelines by using a new, developed, multicomponent composite coating and a method for its application has been developed. The method is effective in terms of applying repair coating without taking the pipeline out of service. The protective coating, obtained according to this method to protect pipes from damage, is marked by heat resistance, strength, high adhesion to steel pipes, high insulating and anti-corrosion properties. The viscosity at impact of the coating obtained is 15 J, which corresponds to a very reinforced coating of class B. To reduce water absorption and increase adhesion, a polyurethane coating is applied to the pipe, which has water-repellent properties. This makes it possible to exclude from the process of strengthening the pipeline an additional finishing operation (applying a hydrophobic water-repellent coating to the surface of the pipe). After applying fiberglass to the epoxy coating layer, fiberglass coating is obtained, which, due to its high wetting ability and adhesion of epoxy resins to fiberglass, has high static and dynamic strength. Due to the low shrinkage of epoxy resins during their curing, microcracks are not formed on the surface of the coating. When fiberglass comes into contact with a heated polyurethane coating, an elastic layer is formed, which ensures reliable adhesion of the coating to the pipe; the transient specific electrical resistance of the coating is 1.1 ∙ Ohm/m2. Thus, the resulting coating is compatible with the cathodic protection system and ensures the resistance of the coating to peeling during cathodic polarization, as well as high resistance of the coating adhesion to steel in wet conditions. The coating is intended for both underwater use and for dry conditions, as well as for long-term operation wet conditions at temperatures up to 65º C. In relatively dry conditions, the coating operating temperature is up to plus 100º C. The coating is designed to protect and strengthen the surface of steel oil and gas pipelines at the stage of their manufacture, construction, transportation and repair. This coating can be used in other industries to protect pipelines and tanks from atmospheric, soil and other types of corrosion, as well as from mechanical damage.

Study of Corrosion and Mechanical Resistance of Structural Pipe Steels of Long-Term Operation in Hydrogen Sulfur Containing Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 1045 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Valerii Makarenko ◽  
Svitlana Manhura ◽  
Maksym Kharchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Melnikov ◽  
Andrii Manhura
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Analysis of literature sources, as well as practical data indicate that the existing scientific, technical and technological developments to ensure reliable corrosion-mechanical resistance and durability of oil and gas pipelines and other shell metal structures of critical use and subordinate to the State Service for Mining Supervision and Industrial Safety of Ukraine largely find contradictions and uncertainty; there are no quantitatively substantiated recommendations for practical application in order to ensure corrosion and mechanical resistance of pipelines operating in technologically aggressive environments under alternating temperature and barometric conditions and loads; there is a need for a systematic study of the causes, conditions and mechanisms of corrosion and mechanical damage of long-term equipment, which will significantly increase the operational reliability of industrial equipment. Experimental studies have established the causes and substantiated the mechanisms of metal softening with increasing service life (from 0 to 25 years) that leads to its degradation, especially during long-term operation in corrosive environments. A method for forecasting the residual working (accident-free) life of pipeline metal structures has been developed, which makes it possible to purposefully regulate their operational condition. This allows the timely use of technical, design and technological measures to improve the performance of such structures. Numerous and diverse results of experimental tests of metal samples for various purposes have been obtained, which provide an opportunity to create a base for comparative analysis of steels in many parameters of crack resistance, which will become a reliable basis for scientific and practical substantiation of the equivalent replacement of some steel grades with other grades, taking into account technological loads, corrosive environments and others.

Laboratory and Field Investigations of the Performance of HPCC Coatings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser King ◽  
Jenny Been ◽  
Robert Worthingham ◽  
Grant Rubie
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Field Exposure

Three-layer FBE-polyolefin coatings offer the promise of good adhesive and corrosion properties from the FBE layer coupled with resistance to mechanical damage from the outer polyolefin layer. TransCanada Pipelines have been investigating the long-term behaviour of High Performance Composite Coating (HPCC) using a combination of laboratory testing and field trials. In the laboratory, panels of HPCC were subjected to standard CD disbondment testing following a two-stage degradation process. The degradation process, designed to simulate field exposure, involved impact damage followed by exposure to either a hot-water soak (60°C), or to microbiologically active soil with and without the application of CP. Following exposure, the duplicate panels were subject to 28-day CD disbondment tests to determine the extent of damage caused by the combination of impact and soil/hot water exposure. In the field, a section of HPCC coating was excavated and examined after 11 years service. In addition to visual inspection, the coating was examined in situ using a newly developed impedance technique EISPlus. This technique is a development of earlier EIS techniques and allows the dielectric properties of the coating to be determined in addition to the impedance of the solution-filled pores. EISPlus provides an improved sensitivity for high-impedance coatings, such as FBE, HPCC, and polyolefin tape. Furthermore, since it is a dry technique, rapid measurements can be made on coatings exposed to field conditions allowing the in-service performance to be determined. Results of both the laboratory testing and field EISPlus measurements are presented and the long-term performance of the coating discussed.

Natural Frequencies and Damping of a Full-Scale Pipe Loop in Air and Water

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
Complex Manner ◽  
Submerged Conditions

A full scale pipework system, typical of oil and gas installations located on the sea floor, was subjected to vibration tests in both dry and submerged conditions. The frequency range examined covered 10 Hz to 500 Hz. The objective of the tests was to provide experimental data so that computer simulations could be developed and validated. The method used to determine the vibration properties was that of an experimental modal analysis using an impact hammer. The hammer was modified for underwater use. In dry conditions the damping was found to be very small (damping ratio less than 0.0002) despite the construction being typical. When submerged the effect of the surrounding water was significant. The changes in the natural frequencies from the dry case to the wet case occurred in such a complex manner that it was not possible to identify a simple shift between wet and dry vibration modes. It was necessary to include appropriate added mass coefficients in the computer simulation for both the pipe and the support system. The effect of the surrounding water on the damping was measured but found to be insignificant. It was concluded that immersion in water does not add significant damping to oil and gas pipework.

Wet Compression: Performance Test of a 3D Impeller and Validation of Predictive Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ferrara ◽  
Lars E. Bakken ◽  
Stefano Falomi ◽  
Giuseppe Sassanelli ◽  
Matteo Bertoneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Wet Compression

In the last few years wet compression has received special attention from the oil and gas industry. Here, the development and implementation of new subsea solutions are important focus areas to increase production and recovery from existing fields. This new technology will contribute to exploitation of small and remote fields and access in very deep water. In this regard liquid tolerance represents a viable option to reduce the cost of a subsea compression station bringing considerable simplification to the subsea process itself. However, the industry may experience some drawbacks: the various levels of liquid presence may create operational risk for traditional compressors; the liquid may cause mechanical damage because of erosion and corrosion of the internal units and the compressor performance might be affected too. The experimental investigation conducted in the study considers dry and wet conditions in a laboratory setup to understand how the presence of liquid influences the stage performance. The test campaign has been carried out at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, in Trondheim, to assess the performance and operating range of a tridimensional impeller when processing a mixture of gas and liquid phases. Experimental results allowed validating the OEM internal prediction code for compressors’ performance in wet conditions. Finally, the effect of liquid on machine operability has been assessed through a left-limit investigation by means of dynamic pressure probes readings in order to evaluate the stall/surge behaviour for different values of liquid mass fraction.

scholarly journals The Performance of Wood Decking after Five Years of Exposure: Verification of the Combined Effect of Wetting Ability and Durability

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miha Humar ◽  
Davor Kržišnik ◽  
Boštjan Lesar ◽  
Christian Brischke
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Moisture Performance

Wood is one of the most important construction materials, and its use in building applications has increased in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood, we need to understand the factors affecting wood’s service life. A new concept for characterizing the durability of wood-based materials and for predicting the service life of wood has recently been proposed, based on material-inherent protective properties, moisture performance, and the climate- and design-induced exposure dose of wooden structures. This approach was validated on the decking of a model house in Ljubljana that was constructed in October 2013. The decay and moisture content of decking elements were regularly monitored. In addition, the resistance dose DRd, as the product of the critical dose Dcrit, and two factors taking into account the wetting ability of wood (kwa) and its inherent durability (kinh), were determined in the laboratory. DRd correlated well with the decay rates of the decking of the model house. Furthermore, the positive effect of thermal modification and water-repellent treatments on the outdoor performance of the examined materials was evident, as well as the synergistic effects between moisture performance and inherent durability.

scholarly journals Characterization of non-metallic inclusions in corrosion -resistance nickel - based EP718 and 718 alloys by using electrolytic extraction method

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Karasev ◽  
Ekaterina Alekseeva ◽  
Aleksey Lukianov ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Electrolytic Extraction ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

It is known that non-metallic inclusions (NMI) that are formed during steel production and heat treatment can significantly affect the properties of final steel products. Therefore, it is very important to be able to determine the content of harmful NMI in steels. Nickel-based alloys are widely used in the oil and gas recovery industry, due to a good combination of strength and corrosion properties. Earlier studies have shown that the corrosion properties in immersion test and electrochemical tests for Ni-based EP718 alloys are slightly lower than that for 718 alloys. The focus in this study was the influence of different NMI on the corrosion resistance of these alloys. The characteristics of inclusions (such as size, morphology, and chemical composition) were analysed by using the electrolytic extraction method followed by three-dimensional investigations using SEM in combination with EDS. It was found that some non-metallic inclusions in EP718 alloys significantly reduce its corrosion resistance. It was also shown that a primary dissolution of the metal matrix occurs around certain inclusions during electrolytic extraction. Based on obtained results, the corrosion active non-metallic inclusions can be determined in these Nickel-base alloys and some recommendations for optimization of their production technology can be formulated.

Formation of the Structure and Properties of Epoxy-Based Composite Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
V.A. Gafarova ◽  
J. V. Bazrova ◽  
L.Z. Teltsova
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Past

Over the past fifteen years, Russian and foreign scientists have conducted a large amount of research in the development and use of composite materials based on epoxy resins, including the ways to restore structural integrity. In the oil and gas industry, composite materials are used for repair works.

Integrity Assessment of Multiple Dents in Oil and Gas Pipelines Using Probabilistic Design Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husain Mohammed Al-Muslim ◽  
Abul Fazal M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Probabilistic Design ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Pipe Geometry

Mechanical damage in transportation pipelines is a threat to its structural integrity. Failure in oil and gas pipelines is catastrophic as it leads to personal fatalities, injuries, property damage, loss of production and environmental pollution. Therefore, this issue is of extreme importance to Pipeline Operators, Government and Regulatory Agencies, and local Communities. As mechanical damage can occur during the course of pipeline life due to many reasons, appropriate tools and procedures for assessment of severity are necessary. There are many parameters that affect the severity of the mechanical damage related to the pipe geometry and material properties, the defect geometry and boundary conditions, and the pipe state of strain and stress. Moreover, multiple damaged areas may exist and interact like in the case of a hit by a multiple-tooth excavator. The main objective of this paper is to determine the distance and orientation where interaction of multiple dents is significant. The strain and stress fields are evaluated for static pressure loading and the stress range and fatigue life are evaluated for cyclic pressure loading. Accordingly, guidelines are developed for the integrity assessment of multiple dents in oil and gas pipelines. The input parameters of the problem including the pipe material, pipe geometry, dent dimensions, and distance and orientation between two dents have a great variability. Therefore, probabilistic design approach is applied to determine the sensitivity and correlation between the output and input parameters. The base case deterministic FEA model has been validated with full-instrumented full-scale tests conducted by Pipeline Research Council International as part of their active program to fully characterize mechanical damage.

scholarly journals Corrosion Properties of 34CrMo4 Steel Modified by Shot Peening

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
Kejian Li ◽  
Xueguo Yin ◽  
Bingbing Li ◽  
Chunhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior ◽  
34Crmo4 Steel

A nanocrystalline layer was prepared on the surface of 34CrMo4 steel by time controlling shot peening (SP, i.e., 1, 5, 10, and 20 minutes). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to analyze the surface, cross-sections, and grain size of the specimens before and after SP. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was used to simulate a liquid under the oil and gas wells environment. It was characterized by the potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The analysis results show that the surfaces of the SP samples were very rough and had numerous cracks. A passive film on SP surface was formed by nanocrystalline grains. However, the passive film formed in the initial stage was not dense or uniform, and cracks occurred in the passive film during peening, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance.

Procedure for Identifying Deformations in Oil and Gas Pipelines Subject to External Forces, Based on Primary ILI Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Galvis Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
External Forces

Oil and gas pipelines that pass through mountainous terrain are subject to an increase in the number of sections affected by the bending deformation’s resulting from external forces, which, when coupled with the construction and operational processes of the systems, cause mechanical damage to the pipelines that has led to containment losses, resulting in operational cost overruns and harmful effects on the environment and on nearby communities, while leaving at high risk the integrity of the petroleum infrastructure. By using primary data obtained through so-called “smart” in-line inspections or intelligent line inspections (ILIs), the occurrence and magnitude of these deformations and displacements of the pipelines can be determined. With the aid of geotechnical analytical techniques, this information can facilitate the interpretation of the processes that induce these thrusts. The starting point is the existing knowledge of the characteristics of the installation of the pipelines and of the clearances permitted by the rules and/or reference standards of the industry. The next step consists of comparing that data against the XYZ Data inertial mapping data (obtained through rotations of the XGP geometric tool) in one or more ILI runs, as part of the mechanical analysis procedure. As a recommended practice, an algorithm is developed for handling the ILI data, showing in parallel the geotechnical zoning data, illustrating it with a study algorithm.

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