scholarly journals GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
◽  
O. Krupych
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of research is determination of an effective soil cultivation method that will create favorable soil conditions for plant growth and development, accumulation of crop seeds and provides high economic efficiency of culture growing on sod-podzolic soils in the Western region of Ukraine. Research methods - hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the impact on yield and efficiency of soybean cultivation of the following factors: – factor A (soil type): a) turf deeply gley sandy; b) sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam; – factor B (tillage): a) traditional (plowing with a reversible mounted plow PON-5/4 to a depth of 25 cm); b) mulching (disking in two tracks with a harrow BDV-3.6 to a depth of 15 cm). The plow and the disc harrow were aggregated with HTZ-150 K tractors According to the quality scores, the turf deeply gleyed sandy soil of plot I by all criteria prevails over similar parameters of sod-slightly podzolic sandy soil of plot II, which indicates its higher fertility. The agrochemical score of the soil in plot I is 56 and is higher than in plot II, where it is equal to 37 points. In the area and density of the stem in the gathering period was 1.7-1.9 pcs./m2 greater compared to this indicator in the II site. On the site and plants grew better and evolved. Biological yield on the site and amounted to 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was greater than in the II region by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of research, deterioration of grain performance in variant with mulk treatment is also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional treatments was 13.6 % and 12.0 % more comparable to variants of mulum grinding. In section I, the density of stems during the harvest period was 1.7-1.9 units/m2 higher compared to this indicator in section II. In the area I plants grew and developed better. Biological yield in plot I was 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was higher than in plot II by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of the research, the deterioration of grain productivity indicators in the variant with mulching was also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional tillage was 13.6% and 12.0% higher compared to mulching options. According to research, it can be stated that soil fertility has a greater impact on soybean grain productivity than tillage systems. The costs of growing soybeans, depending on the type and mechanical composition of the soil and the method of tillage ranged from 18860 to 19735 UAH / ha. Higher tillage costs were obtained in section I, which was characterized by heavier mechanical composition of gley soils. However, the soils of plot I have higher fertility and optimal acidity, which allowed to obtain higher grain productivity than in plot II – 1.77-1.01 t/ha against 1.25-1.40 t/ha. Due to higher yields, the unit cost of production in section I was 9818-10765 UAH/t and was lower by 4019-4323 UAH/t compared to section II. Conclusions. The use of traditional tillage requires higher costs, but due to higher yields, and hence the growth of income from the sale of seeds, greater profits and the level of profitability of production. Therefore, it should be noted that in the conditions of Western Ukraine, the traditional method of tillage based on plowing is a more effective method than mulching.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

The impact of wheat stubble on evaporation from a sandy soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
K. Whisson ◽  
S. F. Micin ◽  
D. Zeelenberg ◽  
S. P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
The Impact

In Mediterranean-type climates, dryland soil water storage and evaporation during the hot and dry summer are poorly understood, particularly for sandy-textured soils. Continued evaporation during summer, and any effects of crop stubble management, could have a significant impact on annual components of the water balance and crop yield. In this research, the effect of wheat stubble management on summer evaporation and soil water storage was investigated for a sandy soil in south-western Australia, during the summers of 2005–06 and 2006–07. Treatments comprised: retained standing stubble; retained flattened stubble; removed stubble; and removed stubble followed by burying the crowns with topsoil from an adjacent area. Under ‘dry’ conditions, evaporation continued at ~0.2 mm/day. In contrast to previous results for finer textured soil types, stubble retention did not decrease the rate of evaporation, but marginally (10–30%) increased evaporation on 7 out of 14 days when measurements were taken. Significant differences due to stubble management were observed in two successive summers, but only for relatively dry soil conditions. There were no significant differences observed for several days after irrigation or rainfall. Under dry conditions in the absence of rainfall, total decrease in water storage during a 90-day summer period could be ~20 mm, but differences attributable to stubble management are likely to be a few mm.

scholarly journals Need for sustainability policy – a case study of the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) in the western region of Tianshan Mountain, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Ruan ◽  
Cun-De Pan ◽  
Ning-Yi Xu ◽  
Xia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Tianshan Mountain ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Logging Ban ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact

A case study of the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) in the western region of Tianshan Mountain was undertaken between 2001 and 2003. Data on the geographic, climatic, ecological, and social economy background of the study area were collected. The impact of the NFCP on the forest, soil, water, and biodiversity in the study area were analyzed and evaluated. The results show that a complete logging ban in the study area cannot replace sustainable forest management; a more flexible policy should be adopted to resolve technical, social and economic problems associated with the complete and suddenly implemented logging ban. In order to strengthen the long-term sustainability of the NFCP, public awareness and funding support China should be increased. Key words: sustainability, Natural Forest Conservation Program, NFCP, forest management, Tianshan Mountain

Soil water drying and recharge rates as affected by tillage under continuous barley and barley-canola cropping systems in northwestern Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Azooz ◽  
M A Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Impact

In areas of the northwestern Canadian Prairies, barley and canola are grown in a short growing season with high rainfall variability. Excessively dry soil in conventional tillage (CT) in dry periods and excessively wet soil in no-tillage (NT) in wet periods could cause a significant decrease in crop production by influencing the availability of soil water. The effects of CT, NT and NT with a 7.5-cm residue-free strip on the planting rows (NTR) on soil water drying (–dW/dt) and recharge (dW/dt) rates were studied in 1992 and 1993 during wet and dry periods to evaluate the impact of NTR, NT and CT systems on soil moisture condition. The soils, Donnelly silt loam and Donnelly sandy loam (both Gray Luvisol) were selected and soil water content by depth was measured by time domain reflectometry. Water retained at 6 matric potentials from –5 to –160 kPa were observed. In the field study, –dW/dt was significantly greater in CT than in NT in the silt loam for the 0- to 30-cm layer during the first 34 d after planting in 1992. The 0- to 30-cm soil layer in CT and NTR dried faster than in NT during a period immediately following heavy rainfall in the silt loam in 1993. The drying coefficient (–Kd ) was significantly greater in CT and NTR than in NT in the silt loam soil in 1993 and in the sandy loam soil in 1992 in the top 30-cm depth. The recharge coefficient (Kr) was significantly greater in NT and NTR than in CT for the silt loam soil. The NTR system increased the –dW/dt by 1.2 × 10-2 to 12.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and by 10.2 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1993 in the sandy loam soil as compared with NT. The dW/dt was 8.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 greater in NTR in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and was 1.9 × 10-2 greater in NTR in 1992 than in CT in the sandy loam soil. The laboratory study indicated that NT soils retained more water than the CT soils. The NTR practice maintained better soil moisture conditions for crop growth than CT in dry periods than NT in wet periods. Compared with NT, the NTR avoided prolonged near-saturated soil conditions with increased soil drying rate under extremely wet soil. Key words: Water drying, water recharge, water depletion, wet and drying periods, hydraulic properties, soil capacity to retain water

scholarly journals Accounting practitioners perception over the impact of IFRS implementation on the performance of entities in the construction sector from the western region of Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Oana Bogdan ◽  
Dorel Mateş ◽  
Aura Emanuela Domil ◽  
Marina Adriana Puşcaş ◽  
Ancuţa Puşcaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Western Region ◽  
List Type ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Abstract Through this paper, we want to identify the correlations between the benefits and costs of adopting IFRS standards in construction entities in the Western Region of Romania and their performance, using the Pearson correlation coefficient, which measures and describes the direction, degree and form of the association between two variables, thus obtaining high, reasonable, weak and very weak links between the benefits / costs and the performance of the entity. The tool used in the research undertaken by construction companies is the questionnaire. The questionnaire “On the Costs and Benefits of IFRS in Construction Companies in the Western Region of Romania” was disseminated among professional accountants in order to identify the perceptions of economists operating in construction companies in the Western Region Romania on the costs and benefits of implementing international standards. Thus, through this paper we aim to identify the correlations between the following benefits and costs: - Benefits of implementation: comparability of information, increased transparency, increased access to capital, cost savings, reduction of informational asymmetry, - Implementation costs: IFRS readiness level, complexity of standards, link between accounting and taxation, existing accounting tradition, costs associated with IFRS conversion, and - Performance of the entity viewed from the perspective of: total revenue and turnover. In the research, we chose to present the analysis of compared to both the total revenues and the turnover, because the difference between the two economic-fiscal indicators is mainly represented by the financial revenues and the incomes from the disposals of assets.

scholarly journals The impact of green credit on economic growth—The mediating effect of environment on labor supply

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257612
Author(s):  
Cai Chen ◽  
Yingli Zhang ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Wenrui Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact

Background The progress of green credit in China is accelerating, but its development is uneven and insufficient in different regions. And whether the issuance of green credit can effectively promote the improvement of the environment and economy is not well understood. Objective Previous research has found that green credit promotes economic growth through improvement of the industrial structure and green technological innovation. However, these studies have not considered the positive externality of environmental improvement even though environmental improvement and economic growth are requirements of the sustainable development concept. Methods We use the chain-mediated model to estimate the impact of green credit issuance on the economic growth of different provinces since the large-scale implementation of green credit in China with data from 2008 to 2016. Results and conclusion This paper shows that the issuance of green credit can improve labor supply rather than labor productivity through the improvement of air quality to achieve regional economic growth. Such a chain-mediated path is different from the economic growth caused by industrial structural adjustment and green technology innovation. At the national level, every 1% increase in green credit issuance relative to industrial loans will increase the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by approximately 4.6 yuan, or 0.012%, through air quality and labor supply, accounting for 2.875% of the total effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to regional industrial structure differences and diminishing marginal effects, the impact of green credit is stronger in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. For every 1% increase in the proportion of green credit issuance relative to industrial loans, the per capita GDP growth achieved through the chain-mediated path is approximately 30.17 yuan in the western region, approximately 6.6 times greater than that at the national level. Within a 95% confidence interval of 5000 bootstrap samples, this path is found to be true, and the chain-mediated effect accounts for approximately 12.96% of the total indirect effect. Limitations The limitation of this paper is the measurement of green credit. Although green credit has a large volume, it remains underdeveloped, and there is a lack of perfect indicators. Most existing studies have adopted only alternative or reverse indicators to measure the issuance of green credit. For example, this paper takes the interest expenditure of six high-energy-consuming enterprises as the reverse indicator, which may to a certain extent lead to the overestimation of the issuance of green credit and its impact on the environment and economy. Future research can accurately explore the performance of green credit on the basis of its mature development.

scholarly journals Study on the Impact of Industrial Informatization on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01113
Author(s):  
Jingying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact

Based on the basic regression model, this paper analyzes the impact of industrial informatization on China’s economic growth. The research shows that industrial informatization has a significant positive impact on China’s economic growth. Then, considering the significant differences in the development of industrial informatization in different regions of China, the paper further explores the regional heterogeneity of industrial informatization on economic growth. The results show that there are significant differences in the impact of industrial informatization on economic growth in the three major regions of East, Central and West. That is, industrial informatization has the strongest effect on promoting economic growth in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and industrial informatization has the weakest effect on promoting economic growth in the western region.

scholarly journals The Impact of Marketization on Sustainable Economic Growth—Evidence from West China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3745
Author(s):  
Tingying Chen ◽  
Haitian Lu ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Lina Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
West China ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we aim to study the relation between the marketization level in the western region of China and its economic development, and to provide policy guidance for the economic development of underdeveloped regions. Mixed methods data analysis was conducted using panel data from 82 prefecture-level cities in west China from 2003 to 2017. The overall regression results show that the level of marketization has a significant role in promoting economic growth. At the same time, regional heterogeneity analyses show that the sub-indicators of marketization have different degrees of influence on economic growth in the southwest and northwest of China, whereas the overall level indicator plays a significant role in both regions. In addition, the threshold panel model was used to test whether the influence of marketization on economic growth in the western region had interval characteristics. Through the self-sampling method, it was found that there are double thresholds. In terms of the gradual progress of the marketization level range, it shows a trend of first increasing, then decreasing and then increasing again. The results show that the level of marketization in west China has significantly promoted the economic development of the western region. Additionally, the impact of marketization on economic development in relatively backward regions is gradually increasing and surpassing that of relatively developed regions. Underdeveloped areas in west China can stimulate their advantages by continuously promoting the construction of marketization and improving the level of economic organization, so as to gradually narrow the development gap between regions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Habit Formation on Rural Residents’ Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Chen Shuyue
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
The Impact

Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces (cities, districts) of China from 1995 to 2019, this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’ consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty, and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’ consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method. The results show that: since the reform and opening up, the changes of Chinese farmers’ consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole, but also show a significant habit forming effect, and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption; there is a large gap between regions, and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy, the impact is greater. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption, maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy, enhance the stability, continuity and accuracy of the policy, drive the development of the western region, build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’ income, and further change farmers’ consumption concept.

scholarly journals Impact of Shortened Winter Road Access on Costs of Forest Operations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tevfik Z. Kuloglu ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers ◽  
Axel E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
The Impact

A significant portion of the forest harvesting in the cooler regions of North America occurs in the winter when the ground is frozen and can support machine traffic. Climate change may influence the cost of forestry operations by reducing the period of winter access in those cold regions. In this study, we examined the impact of a shortened period of frozen ground conditions on logging operation and costs. To adapt to shorter period of frozen soil conditions, logging contractors might need to provide more machines and labor to complete logging in a shorter period of frozen conditions. The objectives were to calculate the costs of logging operations of a hypothetical forestry company in Alberta, Canada under two conditions: first, when the wood was hauled to the mill directly; and second, when part of the wood was hauled to satellite yards close to the logging area, thereby minimizing the annual number of idle hauling trucks. General Circulation Models were used to predict future winter weather conditions. Using the current type of harvesting machines and hauling directly to the mill, the unit cost of logging operations ($/m3) was projected to increase by an average of 1.6% to 2.5% in 2030s, 2.8% to 5.3% in the 2050s and 4.8% to 10.9% in the 2080s compared to the base year of 2015–2016. With use of satellite yards during the winter logging, the total logging cost will increase over direct haul, by 1.8% to 2.8% in the 2030s, 3.1% to 5.7% in the 2050s and 5.2% to 11.4% in the 2080s. Using satellite yards, however, will provide year-around employment for hauling truckers and more consistent and reliable hauling operations.

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