scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PAYMENT CARDS FRAUD TRANSACTIONS AND MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2(79)) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
KHAYALADDIN R. TAGHIYEV ◽  
TAMERLAN H. RUSTAMOV ◽  
ARAZ A. HASANZADE
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Customer Acceptance ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Conclusion Section

Topicality. The trends of fraud and the history of fraud in general with the emergence of new gaps due to the rapid development of information technology is analysed in the article.The systematization of types and forms of fraudulent intervention, their consequences and ways of counteraction taking into account the interests of users is made.Aim and tasks. The causes of payment card fraud, the main forms and types of possible fraudulent transactions and areas of payment card fraud were further classified and investigated.Research results. The investigation revealed the most common cases, including lost and stolen payment cards, counterfeit cards and fraudulent transactions without a payment card, and identified measures to combat them. At the same time, the ways of using different methods for the implementation of fraudulent transactions were analyzed. In the context of the rapid growth of e-commerce during the global pandemic, widespread fraud and steps to be taken against them have been revealed. Another noteworthy part of the research is the continuation of research in the language of numbers based on statistical data, as well as the collection and accuracy of statistical reporting.Conclusion. Thus, first, the cases of fraud on payment card transactions in the European Union were disclosed, and then the correlation coefficient between payment transactions in the payment card market in the Republic of Azerbaijan and fraudulent transactions was calculated. An investigation was also conducted into the implementation of preventive measures against fraudulent transactions, which are important for financial institutions and payment service users, as well as and the steps to be taken in a consistent manner are explained in the article. The life cycle of payment cards is divided into three main stages, customer acceptance, identification and decision-making, the specific features of each stage and ways to prevent risks in these stages are noted in the article. In the end, the results of the research are reflected in the conclusion section of the article.

scholarly journals Dialektika Keagamaan dan Kebangsaan dalam Tarekat Shiddiqiyyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ahmad Munjin Nasih ◽  
Meidi Saputra ◽  
Tasmuji Tasmuji ◽  
Abd. Syakur
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
National Monument ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Religion And Nationalism ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this study was to describe the history of the Shiddiqiyyah Tarekat, the forms of nationalism in the Shiddiqiyyah Tarekat, and the meeting point of religion and nationalism in the Shiddiqiyyah Tarekat. The research approach used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study. The results showed that the Shiddiqiyyah Tarekat was a tarekat with very rapid development and had its own uniqueness that was different from other Sufi groups or tarekat. The forms of nationalism of the shiddiqiyyah tarekat were the eight abilities that must be held, the national monument, the poetry of the source of the independence of the Indonesian nation and the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and the establishment of a brotherhood of love for the Indonesian homeland. The meeting point of religion and nationalism in the shiddiqiyyah tarekat was the concept of hubbul wathan minal iman, which means that love for the country was part of faith.

scholarly journals MARKET OF PAYMENT CARDS: STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Legkostup ◽  
Olha Vaganowa
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Payment Instruments ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Large Distribution

The purpose of the research work is to conduct a scientific analysis of the payment cards market in Ukraine, as well as to find ways to improve it using foreign experience. The urgency of the research topic is conditioned by the significant growth of the role of cashless payments at the present stage of the formation and development of the Ukrainian economy. Formation of a market economy, improvement of technical means of payments, growth of volumes of domestic and foreign economic operations of Ukraine with other countries, cause a large distribution of cashless payments, replacement of traditional payment instruments with new ones, rapid development and improvement of the payment card market.Using non-cash payments leads to acceleration of settlement operations and cash flow. Also, formation of a market economy, improvement of technical means of payments, growth of volumes of domestic and foreign economic operations of Ukraine with other countries, cause a large distribution of cashless payments, replacement of traditional payment instruments with new, rapid development and improvement of the payment cards market. Therefore, the use of technologies encourages banks to expand the range of services provided by them, improve their quality, increase the level of accessibility, reliability and convenience for customers, and, accordingly, is one of the strategic factors for strengthening the competitive position in the market of banking services of the country.

scholarly journals Vaccine diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Aleksa Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aligned Media ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
The Eu

The global COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in scale and scope. The COVID-19 vaccines have not only become an indispensable weapon in the fight against the pandemic but also served as a sign of the technological and scientific prestige of the countries that developed them. While the term "vaccine diplomacy" is not new, it may have become much more relevant in times of global pandemic. The aim of this research is to analyze the vaccine diplomacy of China, the EU, and Russia towards Serbia during the global COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the study also presents Serbia's efforts to engage in its own vaccine diplomacy at the global level. The novelty of this research can be seen in a comparative analysis of the efforts of the "vaccine diplomacy" of the EU, China, and Russia towards Serbia. In addition, this research also presents the results of the survey data on Serbian citizens and their perceptions of foreign aid received during the pandemic. It can be concluded that the Chinese and Russian medical aid to Serbia were very well received by the Serbian government, government-aligned media, and the Serbian public. Concerning the aid of the European Union, it was neither significantly advertised by the media, nor was the Serbian public perception significantly changed in the favour of the EU. At the same time, the Serbian government engaged in vaccine diplomacy of its own, to strengthen the ties with Yugoslavia's former allies from the Non-Alignment Movement.

scholarly journals AFTER TEN YEARS IN THE ALLIANCE

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Learning From Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Professional Fields

At the beginning of the year, we announced that the third issue of the Contemporary Military Challenges would be dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the accession of the Republic of Slovenia to NATO. However, we did not expect such a good response. We received articles from authors who are very familiar with the history of Slovenia's efforts to join the Alliance; most of them were also personally involved in the process. Since they are still present and active in their professional fields, their views of the past events have a special personal character, while their views of the future are enriched by the theoretical knowledge and personal experience. Unfortunately, we cannot publish all the articles we have received. The guiding principle in the selection was the focus on the defence and military contents, since we mainly wanted to pay attention to the contents to which this publication is dedicated and which are defined in its acts as its basic mission. In 2009, we marked the fifth anniversary of Slovenia’s membership in the Alliance and the sixtieth anniversary of the Alliance with a special thematic issue.The themes covered were very interesting for the countries of the South Eastern Europe which were treading the path that Slovenia had already travelled. We expect this issue to be of interest to people who like the defence and military themes, to younger generations and to all those who might still be on the road of approximating to or entering the Alliance. By reading the contents below, you can discover how successful we were in ensuring this interest. The article titled NATO after 2014 – Back to the Roots or Forward towards the Future? by Uros Lampret and Staša Novak presents the Alliance today, the current security trends that are emerging in the world, and the responses to them. The authors claim that back to the roots or forward towards the future does not mean two different directions, but something completely different. In theoretical and practical terms, Milan Jazbec gives an overview of the Slovenian experiences at the time which constitutes the central theme of this issue. He uses the term “learning from experience”, and the title of his article Slovenia and NATO: the Long and Winding Road is not merely symbolic. Andrej Osterman prepared an overview of the operation of the Slovenian Armed Forces and its experiences within the Alliance. In the article titled Republic of Slovenia in NATO – Slovenian Armed Forces Ten Years Later, he presented the key changes and progress of the Slovenian military. Damir Črnčec and Janez Urbanc focused on the intelligence and security area. In the article titled Streamlining the Intelligence and Security Structures in NATO and the European Union, the authors describe in detail the changes in the organization and the functioning of the intelligence and security community in the international environment, and also the role of Slovenia in it. In his article titled Slovenia's Contribution to Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme (APRP) – Policy Advisor’s Perspective, Aljosa Selan presents the activities in Afghanistan after the gradual withdrawal of the Allied Forces, aimed at the best possible preparation of the country’s residents for an independent and quality everyday life. The Normative Role of the Alliance in Non-Conventional Security Threats – Cyber Defence of the Member States is the title of the article written by Adriana Dvoršak. The author raises topical issues which are changing so rapidly that the security structures are already aware of possible threats. There is much that still needs to be done in order to achieve effective protection. We would like to thank all the authors for their work and efforts, especially for their willingness to share with us their knowledge, experiences and views. We invite all those who might be thinking about preparing an article, but have not yet decided to do so, to send us their contributions.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Erik Mathisen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
The Relationship

The Civil War marked a turning point not only in the history of the republic, but the history of citizenship in the United States as well. But there is more to this moment than might appear on the surface. What this book stakes out are a new set of questions about what it meant to be a citizen, how Americans thought about it, and just how much the rapid development of two warring nation-states brought the relationship between citizens and states into such sharp relief. By placing ideas about obligation at the center of a history of citizenship during the Civil War era, The Loyal Republic charts new ground.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES OF THE LUBLIN TRIANGLE – A NEW FORMAT OF COOPERATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE HISTORICAL PAST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Aleksieieva ◽  
Kateryna Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Eastern Partnership Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
International Peacekeeping

The article examines the historical origins and further cooperation of the Lublin Triangle countries - Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania – Central and Eastern Europe, the history of which reflects the development of this region in the east of this part of the world. Combined by geographical proximity, foreign policy threats and a common socio-cultural tradition, they have a complex history of development and coexistence. The agreements made during a certain period of time are analyzed, conclusions are made. Opportunities have been identified for strengthening cooperation between the OSCE, the European Union, the Council of Europe, NATO and the Eastern Partnership countries. The possibility of joining the Republic of Belarus to a new format of relations and turning the triangle into a square for further joint cooperation in the direction of expanding opportunities in the field of energy, defense, cultural and social spheres was considered. The youth initiative on creation of a platform for interaction of youth of Ukraine with youth of Lithuania and Poland for the purpose of expansion of cultural, social and educational communications and an exchange of experience for creation of joint projects is considered. The future development of states and interstate initiatives depends on the active work of young people, the creation of the youth wing of the Lublin Triangle is a logical continuation of the interstate initiative, which will not only ensure youth participation in social and political life, but also positively affect Ukrainian-Polish-Lithuanian relations. thanks to youth diplomacy, will promote the development of European integration processes in Ukraine. An important initiative within the Lublin Triangle was the creation of a Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade – LitPolUkrBrig, which provides for international peacekeeping and security operations under the auspices of the UN, EU, NATO and other international security organizations. Conclusions are made on the advantages and disadvantages of countries' participation in the new format of relations between the countries of the Lublin Triangle.

scholarly journals The Importance of Globalization in the Economic Integration of the Countries in the Region: The Case of Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sc. Bekë Kuqi ◽  
Dr. Sc. Petrit Hasanaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries. Globalization is a process that has changed a lot in our everyday lives. This multidimensional and contradictory process brings to life the hopes and achievements that life can bring to it. The rush for greater competition is one of the main objectives of globalization. Such a thing can only be reached with market liberalization, economic integration and technology development. It is important for us to benefit from globalization. Therefore, during this paper we will discuss the importance of globalization for the integration and development of countries in the US and as a case study for Kosovo. Globalization is an unstoppable process for Kosovo, and a hope for integration and development that will impact on economic development and integration into the European Union. Following the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 and the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo on 15 June 2008, the same objectives, more than before, were introduced in Kosovo. Like other transition countries, Kosovo also declared membership in the EU not only objective of foreign policy, but also a strategic social and state goal. The definition of this decision puts Kosovo at the forefront of the transition, reform and harmonization process with EU criteria.

II. The Ankara Agreement, Turkey, and the Eu

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-717
Author(s):  
Elena Katselli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
The Eu

The Republic of Cyprus became independent on 16 August 1960 with the conclusion of three agreements between Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom: the Treaty of Establishment,1 the Treaty of Guarantee,2 and the Treaty of Alliance.3 Due to limited space, this article will not consider the troubled history of the new Republic the structures of which were literally shattered by an unworkable and dysfunctional Constitution a few years only after its establishment and which eventually led to the Turkish invasion and continuing occupation of one third of its territory.4 Rather, this article intends to focus on recent legal developments provoked by Turkey's refusal to recognize the Republic of Cyprus, a Member State of the United Nations and as from May 2004 a Member of the European Union, in the context of Turkey's own aspirations to become an EU Member State.

scholarly journals THE CULTURAL-CIVILIZATIONAL ASPECT IN THE FORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION POLICY OF R. ERDOGAN GOVERNMENTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
A. Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Turkish State

The question of European integration of Turkish Republic is considered as one of the central issues in the sphere of the history of international relations. The origins of this problem should be sought in the processes that have shaped the modern Turkish state, that being the rule of the first President of the Republic. With the government headed by R. Erdogan taking a grip of power in 2002, Turkey has fully revised its foreign policy. In particular, it intensified efforts to integrate the state to the EU. However, these intentions could not be realized due to a number of reasons. The article considers cultural-civilization influence on the formation of the foreign policy of Turkish Republic in the sphere of European integration, formation and evolution of the views of the Turkish government on the idea of state "Westernization". It devotes main attention to the views of Ahmet Davutoglu and his strategy of Turkish foreign policy. The article also researches his views on the influence of the eastern cultural and civilizational values and religion on the international position of the Eastern countries and, in particular, on their relations with European countries. Moreover, the research provides an attempt to analyze the cultural-civilizational differences as a factor of preventing Turkey from entering the European Union.

scholarly journals Moldova: Institutions Under Stress—The Past, the Present and the Future of Moldova’s Higher Education System

2018 ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Bischof ◽  
Alina Tofan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Republic of Moldova has a long history of shifting borders, and a short history as an independent state. The real development of higher education started only after 1944, in the form of an integral part of the Soviet system of education and research. After independence, its development was shaped strongly by market forces, a demographic decline, alternative study options abroad and last but not least, the all-too-often contradictory policy preferences of changing governments and ministers for education. As a result, on the one hand, the country perpetuated many of the Soviet institutional arrangements in the higher education system, especially the centralised governance arrangements and the academy of science system. On the other hand, the political will to break with the Soviet past and to orientate the country towards Romania and the European Union has spawned a number of policy initiatives, including the ascension to the Bologna Process, greater institutional autonomy, governance democratisation and the implementation of a quality assurance framework along European models. Their implementation, however, has often been hampered by relatively weak institutions and political factionism. As a consequence, the differentiation of the HE system of the Republic of Moldova takes the shape of a dynamic, often contradictory process in which instable institutions are attempting to cope with growing pressures of global, European and local origins.

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