scholarly journals Phytopathogenic mycobiom of raspberry varieties (Rubus idaeus L.) Joan J and Himbo-top in the conditions of organic production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
V.O. Mineralova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Parfeniuk ◽  
O.I. Mineralov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Significant Differentiation

The results of researches of influence of raspberry plant varieties on the species composition of micromycetes in rhizospheric soil and on vegetative organs of plants in the conditions of organic production are given. The mycobiota of raspberry varieties Joan J and Himbo-Top during plant ontogenesis was analyzed and the species composition of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere and on plant leaves was established. It was found that the population is dominated by fungi of following species: Septoria rubi, West, Botrytis cinerea, Pers, Aspergillus niger, V. Tiegh, Alternaria alternata, (Fr.) Keissl., Fusarium graminearum, Schwabe, regardless of the phase of ontogenesis of plants that produce mycotoxins, and can cause disease in animals and humans. According to the results of research, it can be assumed that in the phase of inflorescence growth in the mycobiota of rhizospheric soil and on the vegetative organs of raspberry plants of Joan J and Himbo-Top the greatest competitiveness can be characterized by isolates of fungi Septoria rubi and Alternaria alternata. The obtained results indicate a significant differentiation of the studied varieties by the reaction of interaction between plants, microorganisms and the environment. Thus, while in the mycobiota of rhizospheric soil and vegetative organs of raspberry plants of the Joan J variety during intensive fruiting of plants the isolates of Aspergillus flavus fungi were characterized by the greatest competitiveness, in Himbo-Top cultivar the highest rates of radial growth were shown by isolates of Aspergillus oryzae and Alternaria alternata

scholarly journals Micromycetes colonizing and damaging leaves of evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) in nursery

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kowalik ◽  
Barbara Kierpiec-Baran ◽  
Klaudia Duda-Franiak
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Humicola Grisea

In May and October 2010–2012, mycological studies were conducted on 10 cultivars of rhododendron bushes growing in containers in the nursery of ornamental plants. Out of 3000 specimens of infested leaf fragments, 2566 fungal colonies belonging to 41 species were isolated. The following species colonizing the leaves and causing their necrosis were extracted in the largest number of colonies: <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em>, <em>Humicola grisea</em>, <em>Pestalotiopsis sydowiana</em>, <em>Phoma pomorum</em>, <em>Sordaria fimicola</em>, <em>Trichoderma koningii</em>, <em>Trichoderma polysporum</em>, <em>Truncatella truncata</em>, <em>Umbelopsis isabellina</em> and others. The research showed that the micromycetes colonies colonizing and damaging rhododendron leaves varied in species composition and number of colonies in different years and at different times. The study determined which rhododendron cultivars were characterized by good health and which had the greatest susceptibility to infection by micromycetes.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora variedade Menina Brasileira

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Danton C. Garcia ◽  
Marlove F. B. Muniz ◽  
Nilson L. de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Cladosporium Cucumerinum

O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata.). Foram avaliados dois lotes de sementes de abóbora produzidas no sistema agroecológico e quatro no sistema convencional, com e sem tratamento químico. Os lotes foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade, seguindo a metodologia do "Blotter test", com congelamento, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência de plântulas). Os resultados indicaram a separação dos lotes de diferentes origens a partir da qualidade sanitária e fisiológica, onde as maiores incidências de fungos foram observadas nos lotes agroecológicos e o maior potencial fisiológico foi observado nos lotes de origem convencional não tratados. Foram encontrados os fungos Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Rhizopus stolonifer e Phoma terrestris. A qualidade sanitária não interferiu na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira.

scholarly journals Seasonal fluctuations of phyllosphere and phylloplane fungi of Egyptian wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Mazen ◽  
S. I. Abdel-Hafez ◽  
G. M. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Phylloplane Fungi

Forty-nine species and 20 genera were collected irora the phyllosphere and phylloplane of wheat plants on 1% glucose and 50% sucrose-Czapek's agar at 28°C. The total counts of phyllospbere and phylloplane fungi displayed seasonal periodicities and the highest counts were found in April and May 1977, 1978. In the case of phyllosphere the most frequent species were <i>Aspergillus niger, Penicillium corylophilum</i> and <i>Alternaria alternata</i>; in the phylloplane <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>A. flavus</i>.

scholarly journals Hardware – wheat pests as elements of the species consortium

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
T. M. Kolombar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Face

Annually in the world, insect pests kill 10–15 % of the crop yield, which in the face of increasing humanity creates a global problem for food security. For the territory of Ukraine in some years, the loss of wheat yields reach 25 % and, in the face of this tendency, real risks to the security of the state are created. Considering that the agrarian trend of the state development has been increasing in recent years, the development of grain-adapted to the ecological and climatic conditions of Ukraine is a priority direction of the development of domestic agriculture. And the development of new environmentally friendly methods of controlling pests of wheat using parasitic organisms will become a fundamentally new and pressing issue in the development of organic production in the country. The general list of pest species that can cause serious wheat yield and forage reduction in Ukraine includes more than 230 names, but only 18 species are able toentail the biggest losses. Among them belong to the order Coleoptera. One insect species is usually a host of several species of mites, nematodes and up to ten species of gregarines and microsporidia. Unfortunately, the taxonomic composition of parasites of phytophagous pets of wheat in Ukraine has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the interrelation between parasites of 4 phytophagous insects of wheat as well as of 14 insect species found in granaries. The study of the species composition of parasitic organisms of wheat and grain pests is based on the study of the elementary part of the consortium ecosystem, where they act as second order consortia. Phytophagous parasites of wheat and collar pests of cereals, as second-order consorts, have been fragmented worldwide. The purpose of this work is to determine the species composition of gregarine as a component of wheat consortium for their further use in the creation of integrated methods of protection of wheat and products of its processing. As a result, 28 species of gregarines were registered, which belong to seven families (Didymophyidae, Ophryocystidae, Hirmocystidae, Lipotrophidae, Stylocephalidae, Actinocephalidae and Gregarinidae). On the average, 1–2 species of gregarines parasitize in one pest species. 7–10 species of parasites were identified in some insects of the family Tenebrionidae (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863). Each presented parasite is characteristic of 1–2 species of pests, but there are species of gregarines that infect up to four species of model species, such as Gregarina cuneata Stein, 1848. The largest number of individuals who are infested with gregarines belong to such families as Tenebrionidae and Dermestidae (38,6 % and 36,0 % of the total number of species, respectively). On pests – phytophages parasitizes about 8 species of gregarine families Stylocephalidae, Gregarinidae, Actinocephalidae. For barns pests are recorded barnacles of all 7 families.

scholarly journals PRESENTATION PATTERN AND FUNGAL AGENTS SPECTRUM CAUSING OTOMMYCOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Kassim Dekhil
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Public

 Objective: This study was aimed to identify the public pattern of presentation, influencing factors, and sort the fungal species, distribution of sex of patients with otomycosis.Results: The predominant complaints were pruritus and found in 76 patients (88.73%), discomfort and pain found in 62 patients (72.09%), aural fullness in 48 patients (55.81%), tinnitus in 34 patients (39.53%), hearing impairment in 50 cases (58.31%), ear discharge in 22 patients (25.58%), and most of the symptoms seen in 36 patients (68.14%). The results showed a total of eight fungal species belong to six different genera, namely, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Cephalosporium were isolated during this study. Among identified fungi, Aspergillus niger was found to be the most prevalent fungal species with 35.71% followed by Candida albicans (27.55%), Aspergillus flavus (10.20%), Aspergillus fumigatus (8.16), Penicillium digitatum (6.12%) and Cephalosporium species (4.08%), and Rhizopus species (5.1%), while Alternaria alternata had the lowest percentage (6.54%).Conclusion: Otomycosis/mycotic otitis externa is still a common problem and there is a rise in the occurrence of otomycosis in latest years, especially in tropical and subtropical humid climates.

scholarly journals Aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic moulds and their toxins in tree nuts on Serbian market

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Irena Rakic ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tree Nuts

In this study, moulds and mycotoxins presence in different tree nuts were investigated. The results showed that all of the 25 samples were contaminated with moulds. Mean values of total mould count varied from 1-4.9 cfu per grain. The most frequent species in hazelnut samples were Rhizopus oryzae (32.2%) and Aspergillus niger (28.9%). In walnuts A. niger (75.6%), in cashews also A. niger (42.4%) while in pistachio samples Alternaria alternata (20.7%), and Cladosporium cladosporioides (20.7%) were the most dominant. Rhizopus oligosporus was the only identified species in all almond samples (100%). Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), the presence of total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was examinated. In all analyzed samples, levels of ochratoxin A were below the limit of detection. Total aflatoxins were detected only in walnut samples with average concentration of 7.1 ?g/kg.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by monoacylglycerols prepared from coconut oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Řiháková ◽  
V. Filip ◽  
M. PlockovÁ ◽  
J. Šmidrkal ◽  
R. Červenková
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Antifungal Properties

The objectives of the present study were to test the antifungal properties (inhibition of radial growth, inhibition of the mould spore germination) of lauroylglycerol and mixtures of monoacylglycerols synthesised from coconut oil (MIX-I and MIX-II) against Aspergillus niger DMF 0801. The content of monoacylglycerols in lauroylglycerol, MIX-I and MIX-II was 99.9% (w/w), 97.7% (w/w) and 75,1% (w/w), respectively. The content of 1-lauroylglycerol in MIX-I and MIX-II was calculated from the content of lauric acid and content of monoacylglycerols. The inhibition of the radial growth of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by lauroylglycerol was stronger than that caused by MIX-I and MIX-II. The inhibition effect of spore germination caused by lauroylglycerol and MIX-I was nearly the same. The inhibition of spore germination increased with increasing content of monoacylglycerol and also with increasing 1-lauroylglycerol content in monoacylglycerols. The level of spore germination inhibition was related to the purity of tested substances. The results of this study indicate that monoacylglycerols made from coconut oil have antifungal activity. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The antimycotic effect of ellagitannins from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) on Alternaria alternata ŁOCK 0409

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341-1349
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Klewicka ◽  
Michał Sójka ◽  
Sylwia Ścieszka ◽  
Robert Klewicki ◽  
Agnieszka Milczarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

scholarly journals Fungal Decay of First-Crop and Main-Crop Figs

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Doster ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Serious Disease

Fig cultivars grown in California typically have two crops, although the first crop may be unimportant commercially. The first crop, also known as the breba crop, ripens in late spring and early summer, whereas the main or second crop ripens in late summer. For both cultivars studied, Conadria and Calimyrna, the first-crop figs typically are left in the orchard unharvested. First-crop figs had relatively high levels of fungal decay and tended to have more fungal decay than main-crop figs, especially Alternaria rot (caused by Alternaria alternata and Ulocladium atrum). At least 16 different Aspergillus spp. were found decaying first-crop figs. Fig smut, a serious disease caused by Aspergillus niger and related fungi, usually was present at approximately the same level in first-crop and main-crop figs. Aspergillus spp. known to produce the mycotoxins aflatoxin or ochratoxin were found decaying first-crop figs. Aflatoxin was detected in first-crop figs at low levels similar to those detected in the main-crop figs. Because the abundant spores produced on the first-crop figs can infect main-crop figs, the fungal decay of first-crop figs might result in higher levels of decay for main-crop figs.

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