Ethnocultural Specificity of Phraseological Units with Zoocomponent in German and Ukrainian Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ostapchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Parameters

Abstract. The article presents a comparative analysis of phraseology with zoonymic components in the German and Ukrainian worldviews, which are closely related to national culture. In most phraseologies with the component-zoonym there is a type of metaphorical transfer, which uses the names of animals to describe the characteristics of man, the designation of certain qualities, appearance, character, mental abilities. In addition, zoonyms are often symbols of moral and intellectual qualities of man. The purpose of research is to study phraseological systems with zoomorphic components in a pair of German - Ukrainian, which allows to identify important values of each nation. Results of research. During the study of zoonyms in phraseology, it was noted that the metaphorical nature of zoomorphic phraseology, their inherent subjective-evaluative connotation, the specificity of their semantic parameters and syntactic structure is largely due to their scope, based on their expressed anthropocentrism as a manifestation of traditions of attributing to animals certain traits of human character. In the ethnoculture of different peoples, phraseology, including the names of animals - is primarily a statement about man, his spiritual and social traits. Thus, phraseology with the names of animals can reflect: physical qualities, capabilities; appearance; mental qualities (character traits); intelligence; habits, abilities, skills. Also, the paper explores the common and distinctive features of phraseology of the Ukrainian and German languages, namely the zoocomponents that form complete equivalents. Such phraseological units are equivalent, ie their lexical volume, semantic meaning and meaning are symmetrical. The second group includes partial equivalents. In German and Ukrainian, such phraseological units have the same meaning, but differ in the composition of lexical components, and, consequently, the internal form. The third group includes phraseologies that have no equivalents in another language and are characterized by the fact that these concepts do not have a common object. Such phraseological units often remain outside the scope of bilingual phraseological dictionaries, which is why it is only possible to explain the meaning. Originality is determined by the fact that our study makes a contribution to the development of phraseology in terms of studying phraseological units, namely the animalism of the German and Ukrainian languages. Conclusion. The presence of common and distinctive features in the structures of phraseology of the studied languages, the nature and content of associations are determined not by the properties of animals, but by their life in the national folklore-mythological and literary contexts of each nation, its worldview, human existence.

The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omelian Rudnytskyi ◽  
Stanislav Kulchytskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Gladun ◽  
Natalia Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.

SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SYNTACTIC TYPE (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Nina Korbozerova
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
National Character ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Syntactic Similarity

The Indo-European syntactic system is very stable. This explains the fact that the Spanish and the Ukrainian, originating from a unique linguistic base, in their syntactic structure have a considerable number of common features. The syntactic similarity of comparative languages is manifested of the group of words, sentences and their elements. According to the classification criteria in the languages above mentioned there are a lot of syntactic similarities: are distinguished similar sentence members which are expressed by similar morphological modes. In both languages the order of the words in the sentence are very similar too. Both investigated languages are characterized by the common modes of expression of syntactic relationships and by similar links in word groups. The structure of simple and compound sentences also seems in both languages. Also there are simple and compound sentences, which are subdivided into coordinated and subordinated ones. On the other hand, each of the compared languages has its own distinctive features of the formal, semantic and functional deep level, which is explained by the specific national character of each of the studied languages. In the comparative languages, the group of words, as a succession of two or more significant words linked semantically and grammatically, represents the complex denomination of the phenomena of the reality. It is one of the very important syntactic units, with which we can build the sentences. In both languages there are a lot of isomorphic characters referring to groups of words. In relation to the degree of fusion of its components, the groups of words can be free or fixed. Thus in the groups of free words the lexical meanings of their constituents are conserved. They differ from the fixed ones whose components lose their lexical dependence. The fixed groups are divided into the dependents syntactically and phraseologically. In the comparative languages, the dependent groups syntactically perform a unique syntactic function. They do not split, one of its components is relaxed lexically. The complex character of groups of words can be achieved isomorphically in a similar way: by the amplification of the simple group with a dependent word, by the unification of the nucleus by a simple dependent group, by means of two grammatically dependent elements, by the extension of the direct object.

scholarly journals Color Description in Language and Culture (based on Russian-Hungarian dictionaries)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Antonina P. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Color description comparative analysis might be identified as an important research path of the contemporary language science. The article introduces the methods of Russian-Hungarian vocabulary color description including metaphorical semantics of the color. Due to the vastness of their use in intercultural communication, the relevance of the research is indisputable. It is also due to the interest of linguistics to the problem of the reflection of national culture in the semantics of color terms as a means of lexicographical fixation. The new areas in the work is the identification of the corpus of secondary color terms recorded in dictionaries, the selection of national-specific elements of color terms in the connotative aspects of semantics. Materials and Methods. The material for comparing categories of colors was the color names with the secondary meaning of color from the Russian-Hungarian dictionaries that were not studied in the linguistics. Comparative analysis helped to find the number of the color items, to investigate the correlation and to re-build the system of color to compare the color description in Russian and Hungarian languages. The work has been compiled from Russian-Hungarian dictionaries by Khadrovich & Galdi, Russian-Hungarian dictionaryby Galdi & Uzoni, which contain authoritative lexis and graphical sources as well as grammatical and stylistic commentary on each article. Results and Discussion. The research results in the common corpora of the color items found in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries (single-base words, complex-base words, collocations and idioms). Conclusion. The definition of the color items of color-marking vocabulary in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries showed the primary effect of general language mechanisms, which reflects the adequacy of the lexical color designation systems of the Russian and Hungarian languages. The general properties of color terms in these languages ​​are manifested in their systemic organization, ability to develop polysemy, while national specificity is manifested in the features of color-marking vocabulary. In case of discrepancy or absence of color terms in one of the languages, the compilers of dictionaries resorted to various methods of compensating for the expression of color. The development of compensatory means in the absence of color names in the target language also constitutes the national specificity of the color designation system.

Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Angela Ferrari Zumbini ◽  
Otto Pfersmann
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Institutional Choices ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Alternative Remedies

This chapter intends to shed light on commonalities and distinctive features of public authority liability in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In the first part, background commonalities and background distinctive traits are illustrated, together with the relevant Constitutional provisions. In the second part, a comparative analysis is carried out considering the answers given in the three countries. In particular, the chapter is focused on three kind of administrative action that can cause damages, ie authoritative decisions such as sanctions; the withdrawal of a former benefit; and a physical act. In the third part, the comparative analysis is carried out on cross-cut issues, considering institutional choices. The analysis shows that the outcome may well differ, considering not only the conditions for recognizing damages and their amount, but also for the primacy of alternative remedies, ie annulment.

scholarly journals Предлоги движения и языковая картина мира: сопоставительный анализ семантики английского предлога to и русского предлога до

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Алексей Чернышев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Semantic Parameters

The semantics of prepositions is studied through the analysis of their cognitive models which expose distinctive features of the language view of world. A comparative analysis of semantic parameters included in the cognitive structures of prepositions “to” and “do” makes it possible to reveal peculiarities of the motion fragment in the English and Russian language view of world. Practical analysis of the article shows that although historical conceptualization of objects relation is the same both in English and Russian, cognitive models of the prepositions and national language view of world are different.

scholarly journals Accounting of liability of the enterprise under national and international accounting standards.

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Olena Koba ◽  
Yuliia Myronova ◽  
Ilona Siroshtan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Given

The article deals with the order of formation of information and reflection of operations on accounting of obligations of the enterprise in accordance with the norms of national and international accounting standards. The comparative analysis of normative documents in the context of the interpretation of the essence, recognition and classification of obligations of the enterprise is carried out. The common and distinctive features of the method of accounting for the given object are established.

FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE SYSTEM OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Petya Yordanova – Dinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
And Control

This paper explores the comparative analysis of the financial controlling, who is a result from the common controlling concept and the financial management. In the specialized literature, financial controlling is seen as an innovative approach to financial management. It is often presented as the most promising instrument of financial diagnostics. Generally speaking, financial controlling is seen as a process of managing the company`s assets which are valued in monetary measures. The difference between the financial management and the financial controlling is that the second covers all functions of management, analysis and control of finances, aiming at maximizing their effective use and increasing the value of the enterprise. Financial controlling is often seen as a function of the common practice of financial management. Its objective is to preserve the financial stability and financial sustainability of enterprises operating in a highly aggressive business environment.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GEOMETRICAL CONTENT IN THE NEW BULGARIAN TEXTBOOKS OF MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD GRADE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-996
Author(s):  
Gabriela Kirova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Curve Beam ◽  
Mathematics Textbook ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Relative Share ◽  
Geometric Content

Starting with 2018/2019 school year in Bulgaria, the math education in the third grade is implemented through new training kits. They were developed on the basis of the new third-grade mathematics curriculum, approved by Order No. РД 09-1093 / 25.01.2017 of the Minister of Education and Science, Annex No. 8, supplemented by Order No. РД 09-2555 / 15.06.2018 of the Minister of Education and Science. Training kits are approved by the Ministry of Education and Science and are 7 in total. Geometric learning content in new math textbooks is the second most important element after arithmetic content. It is combined with the arithmetic learning content, and by this the foundation of the successful study of geometry in the next school grades is laid. The new geometry knowledge that is included in the third grade curriculum is the following: straight line, curve, beam, angle, right angle, obtuse angle, acute angle, right triangle, acute triangle, obtuse triangle; naming geometric figures with Latin alphabet letters [11]78. It is important in a modern mathematics textbook to have a rich and varied geometric content. It is important that the new types of geometry tasks are introduced with rich visualization using a specific-inductive approach. The relative number of tasks of a given type is an important prerequisite for the successful formation and improvement of skills for solving geometric problems in pupils at the age of 9-10. This article will present a comparative analysis of the geometric content in the seven approved Bulgarian third-grade mathematics textbooks, which are used in the mass practice of this school year. For the purpose of the study, a classification of all types of tasks and exercises with geometric content has been developed. Then the tasks in the seven textbooks are systematized by the so chosen classification. The data are statistically processed taking into account the relative share of tasks of each type within a textbook, as well as a comparison between the relative shares of the geometric tasks in the different textbooks. The established differences in the number and relative share of different types of geometric tasks make it possible for the analyzed textbooks to be ranked. Such a study has not been published so far. It has a relation to the assessment of the quality of the textbooks offered. The conclusions formulated in this article can help primary teachers in their choice of textbooks to teach to their third grade students.

scholarly journals III.—Morphological Studies on the Echinoidea Holectypoida and their Allies

1917 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Herbert L. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Common Origin ◽  
Normal Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Apical System ◽  
The Common

The characters of the apical system of a series of Holectypus hemisphæricus from the same horizon at two localities in Dorsetshire are analysed and described. It is found that the average relations of the plates of the system are different at the two localities, although certain numbers of identical forms occur at both. Out of 189 specimens (from both localities), 40 show serious departures from the normal type. These abnormalities are of three classes. One, the most prevalent, consists in the presence of madreporic pores on genital 3, in addition to the normal perforation of genital 2. This is regarded as a “progressive variant” in the direction of Discoides. The second, occurring in three specimens, consists in the interpolation of a supernumerary plate within the system. It is suggested that this may be either a “regressive variant” towards Acrosalenia, or a “progressive variant” towards Nucleolites (as illustrated by N.orlicularis). In neither case would this variation coincide with actual phyletic sequence, so that it is styled “parallel variation”. The third type of variant, seen in one specimen only, combines both the first and second types, and in addition shows an absence of genital 5 and a corresponding increase in the size of the posterior oculars, which meet round the back of the system. The variation in this specimen is interpreted as being “progressive” towards Discoides, “parallel progressive” or “regressive” towards Nucleolites or Acrosalenia respectively, and “progressive” towards Conulus. There are indications of a different series of variants in the Holectypus depressus from the Cornbrash. The high percentage of variation in the composition of the apical system of Holectypus is regarded as an indication of the evolutional activity of the genus, and of its near approximation in time and phylogeny to the common origin of many of the groups of Irregular Echinoids.

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