scholarly journals Surveying the Expression of CDH1 and EGFR Genes in Patients with Anthracosis and Its Relationship with Lung Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Zahra Izadian ◽  
Naghmeh Bahrami ◽  
Tahereh Naji ◽  
Abdolreza Mohamadnia
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cdh1 Gene ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Egfr Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Egfr Genes

Introduction: Anthracosis is known as the black lung disease and studies have shown relationships between the disease and lung carcinoma. In addition, the expression of CDH1 and EGFR genes can be used as the prognostic of anthracosis. The present study surveys the expression of CDH1 and EGFR genes in anthracosis patients and its relationship with non-small cells lung carcinoma. Methodology: Thirty anthracosis patients diagnosed by a specialist participated in the study. The subjects were asked to sign an informed letter of consent and then, to examine the expression of CDH1 and EGFR genes through real-time PCR, tissue samples were collected. Afterward, the relationship of expression of the biomarkers with tumor staging and cancer progress was examined. Results: Mean age of the patients was 48±10.5 years. As the reference gene, 18sRNA was adopted and comparison of mean CTs at the center and edges of lesions showed no significant difference. As to CDH1 gene at the center of lesions, 12 cases out of 30 were positive, which indicates 40% sensitivity; while at the edges, 20 cases out 30 were positive. Comparison of the positive rates of CDH1 gene at the center and edges of the lesions indicated a significant difference (P-value<0.001). Moreover and with regard to EGFR gene at the center of lesions, 19 cases out 30 were positive (sensitivity = 63.3%) and five cases out of 30 were positive at the edges of lesions (control). There was also a significant difference between the positive cases of EGFR gene at the center and edges of the lesions (P-value<0.001). Clearly, the positive cases of CDH1 at the edges were higher than that at the center, while in the case of EGFR gene, positive cases at the center were higher than that at the edges. It is notable that to obtan results with higher accuracy entails increasing the sensitivity level. Following similar studies and to have higher accuracy, the experiments were carried out with three iterations. Conclusion: In general, the results indicated a sort of relationship between anthracosis and lung carcinoma. To prove such relationship on a more solid ground, more studies with larger number of subjects are needed.

scholarly journals Relationship with lung carcinoma in the patients with Anthracosis by detection of expression of P16 and MUC1 genes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mona Ghashghaee ◽  
Naghmeh Bahrami ◽  
Tahereh Naji ◽  
Abdolreza Mohamadnia
Keyword(s):  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
Occupational Lung Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction and objective: Anthracosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust. The term “pneumoconiosis” refers to an occupational lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust. To achieve more efficient diagnosis and treatment methods, changes in the expression of MUC1 and P16 genes in the patients with anthracosis and their relationship with none-small cells lung carcinoma were examined. Methodology: Thirty anthracosis samples (center of lesion) and thirty healthy samples (edges of lesion) were collected from anthracosis patients diagnosed by a specialist. The patients signed a written letter of consent beforehand. The expression of MUC1 and P19 biomarkers was measured through Real-Time PCR. The relationship of the expression of biomarkers with tumor staging and lung carcinoma stage was examined. Results: The two groups in the study were compared using t-test. P16 marker was positive at the center and edges of lesions in seven (out of 30) and 18 (out of 30) cases respectively. There was a significant difference between positive P16 markers at the center and edges of the lesions (p-value<0.001). MUC1 marker was positive at the center of lesions in 21 cases out of 30 (sensitivity = 70%) and it was positive at the edges of lesions in seven cases out of 30. In terms lesions (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated a relationship between anthracosis and lung carcinoma. Clearly, the positive cases of P16 genes at the edges of lesions were higher than that at the center; while, the positive cases of MCU1 gene at the center of lesions were higher than that at the edges. Further studies with larger sample groups are needed to provide more evidences.

Relationship of Psychological well-being with Depression and Anxiety among Heart Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3101-3102
Author(s):  
Babar Javaid ◽  
Abrar Ahmed ◽  
Gohar Ali Arshad ◽  
M Shoaib Akhtar ◽  
Shazia Taj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Heart Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients.1 For this purpose, a sample of 200 patients was taken, including 100 men and 100 women, educated uneducated, employed and unemployed volunteers. The sample was taken from Nishtar Hospital, Combined military hospital and other private hospitals in Multan. The age range from 25 to 60 (mean age 43.085).2,3 Objective: To observe the effect of demographic variables (age, education, gender and source of finance) on psychological well-being and depression, anxiety in heart patients. Methods: 1. Low psychological well-being would be positively correlated with depression and anxiety. 2. Older age (above 50) heart patients would have low sense of psychological well-being as compared to younger age (above 35) heart patients. Results: Different statistical procedures were used to determine the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients. Correlation was computed to see the relationship among variables. It was found that there is negative correlation between psychological well-being with depression and anxiety. Since the p-value in less than α (p-value < 0.01), so we reject null hypothesis Ho, and conclude that low psychological well-being is positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion: This study also finds out important findings on the role of stresses, feeling of worthlessness in depression and anxiety disorder. It is concluded that psychological well-being, depression and anxiety are not significant correlated with each other. Source of income or job and sex of the heart patients have significant effect on psychological well being. However there is no significant difference between men and women regarding the rate of depression and anxiety. Keywords: P-Value, Correlation, Null Hypothesis , Depression

Evaluation of the Agreement Between the Tissue Sample and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients with Anthracosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Mohammad Samet ◽  
Masoud Rahimian ◽  
Samaneh Meshkat ◽  
Sanaz Zand
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Biopsy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bronchial Tissue

Background: Black dust deposited in the lungs is called anthracosis. By damaging bronchial mucosa, anthracosis can affect the mucociliary cleaning function. Initial reports indicate that there is a relationship between anthracosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to obstructive effects of anthracosis on distal airways and disruption in a proper sampling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), other diagnostic methods are necessary for estimating the tuberculosis prevalence in these patients. The aims of this study was to evaluate tissue samples adjacent to an anthracotic plaque for acid-fast bacilli smear and culture. Methods: his is a cross-sectional analysis study on 100 patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital who required bronchoscopy and anthracotic plaque based on bronchoscopy results. Bronchial fluid lavage, two biopsy samples for culture, and a smear of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the surrounding of these plaques were prepared. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS (version 18). Results: One-hundred patients og the age range 46-91years were studied. The patients with tuberculosis diagnosis based on the smear of BAL and bronchial tissue samples and culture of BAL and bronchial tissue samples were 7%, 13%, 6% and 8% respectively. The presence of granuloma in histopathology was seen in 15 patients infected with tuberculosis. (κ > 0.04, p-value <0.05). In patients with positive tuberculosis, culture of bronchoalveolar lavage was superior to other methods. Conclusions: Diagnostic value of BAL method and tissue biopsy in anthracosis patients with tuberculosis did not show a statistically significant difference. As compared with other methods, BAL culture was more positive. Therefore, tissue biopsy is not a good alternative to BAL.

scholarly journals mRNA Biomarkers for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rashid ◽  
Tahereh Naji ◽  
Abdolreza Mohamadnia ◽  
Naghmeh Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Cancer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

Objectives: Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Changes in the expression of CK19 and CEA genes in peripheral blood of OSCC patients were examined for early diagnosis. Methodology: The participants were 36 patients and 36 normal individuals. CK19 and CEA of blood serum were measured through Real-Time PCR. The relationship of the biomarkers with tumor staging and cancer development was examined. Results: Comparison of the two groups of participants using t-test indicated no significant difference in terms of mean age. CK19 marker was positive in 19 participants of the patients group (n=36), which meant the sensitivity of the marker was 53%. In addition, the marker was positive in eight participants of the normal group (n=36). CEA marker was positive in 26 participants of the patients group (n=36), which meant the sensitivity of the marker was 72%. Moreover, the marker was positive in 11 participants in the normal group (n=36). Conclusion: In general, the study introduced a screening test for early diagnosis of OSCC. To have evidences with more reliability, future studies should be carried out with larger sample groups.

PENGARUH KEBERADAAN PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN (PPI) SAIJAAN KOTABARU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PENGUSAHA PERIKANAN DI KECAMATAN PULAU LAUT UTARA KABUPATEN KOTABARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Syahruddin Syahruddin ◽  
Idiannor Mahyudin ◽  
Emmy Sri Mahreda
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of

Fish landing base (PPI) is a container that can support development and the development of a better fishery.Accordence with the increasing number of fishing vessels that enter the  territory  Kotabaru, either the ships  from itself or the ships that come from the outside area.  Making  the  existence  of  the PPI  Saijaan Kotabaru  a  medium  which  accommodates  fishery  activities  to  make  a   direct   relevance  relationship  of  upriver  and  downstream activities. This research was conducted: identifying facilities, conditions  and function of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru; Analyzing changes in the income of entrepreneur fishery before and after the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru in District Stagen Kotabaru; Formulating a strategy of economic development of the PPI  Saijaan  Kotabaru as an area of fisheries.Analysis  Technique of  the  research  uses  qualitative  and  quantitative  method  with descriptive approach. The results obtained that the basic, functional and additional facilities of  the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru have been fulfilled by 90 % and have not been  fulfilled  by 10 % thatneed to be developed. Condition and function facilities of  the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru, is only 90 % facilities are function optimally and 10 % is  not function optimally.Wilcoxon  test results  in Statistics  Test, shows that value of Wilcoxon test p-value is  0.003 (< 0.05),then Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a very significant difference from the increased income of entrepreneur fishery after the construction of  the PPI Saijaan  Kotabaru as well. The results of the value to external factors (EFAS) is = 2.85, while  for  internal factors (IFAS) is = 2.55. So the value of EFAS >IFAS value, then a qualitative activity and capacity of existing facilities of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru still very likely to be developed. 

scholarly journals Relationship of Transcutaneous Billirubin with Serum Billirubin in Neonates with Jaundice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Vivek Arora ◽  
Sanjay Singla ◽  
Poornima Sharma ◽  
Rameshwar Ninama ◽  
Harimohan Koli
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in neonates with an incidence of about 60% in term babies and 80% in preterm babies. It is the commonest cause of admission to the hospitals in the newborn period. Studies comparing the correlation between total serum bilirubin (SBR) and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) have yielded different results. So, we planned this study to find out relationship between TcB and SBR values.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was done during March 2016 to September 2016, in which a total of 120 newborns including term and preterm who were admitted with neonatal jaundice in NICU, Maharana Bhupal Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan were assessed in terms of age, sex and weight and investigated for both TcB and SBR. The sample size was calculated at a confidence interval of 90% and allowable error of 15%.Results: Out of total 120 study subjects, 59 (49%) were males and 61 (51%) were females, out of which 53 (44%) were preterm and 67 (56%) were term neonates. Mean TcB and SBR values at the time of admission has a mean difference of 2.52 mg/dl with a p-value <0.001 (significant) on the other hand TcB and SBR at 24 hr of admission has a mean difference of 1.57 with a p-value >0.001, which is non-significant. TcB and SBR at 48 and 72 hr of admission also has a mean difference which is also non- significant (p >0.001).Conclusions: From present study, we conclude that there is no significant difference between TcB and SBR values at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after starting phototherapy. The values of TcB are equally reliable as SBR values. 

scholarly journals Frequency and Anatomic Variability of the Mandibular Lingual Foramina: A Cone-Beam CT Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Taschieri ◽  
Stefano Corbella ◽  
Amel Silnovic ◽  
Luca Francetti ◽  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background to evaluate the distribution of lingual foramina (LF) and their correlation with demographic characteristics and mandible width in a series of patients subjected to cone-beam CT (CBCT). Methods CBCTs were reviewed to assess the number of all LF, midline and lateral LF. We also assessed the relationship of the number of lateral LF with gender and mandibular width using the Chi Square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results 300 patients (180 males; age range: 21-87years) were included. The highest frequency per patient was of 2 LF (97/300, 32.3%), followed by 3 (81/300, 27%) and 4 (53/300, 17.7%). No LF were observed in 2/300 patients (0.7%), while the highest number was of 8 LF in one patient. The highest frequency of midline LF per person was of 2 LF (57.3%, 172/300), while the highest number per person was 5 LF in one patient (0.3%). The highest frequency of midline LF located above and below the genial tubercle was of 1 in 197/300 patients (65.7%) and in 169/300 patients (56.3%), respectively. Concerning lateral LF, the highest frequencies were of 0 (113/300, 37.7%) and of 1 (112/300, 37.3%). We did not observe any significant difference of the number of midline and lateral LF based on gender (P = .438 and P = .195, respectively) or mandible width (P = .069 and P = .114, respectively). Conclusions We have shown the high variability of number and anatomic distribution of LF in an Italian group of patients subjected to CBCT without reporting any association with gender and mandible width.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STAGE OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA WITH ANEMIA AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA GENERAL HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Susilawati ◽  
Hamsu Kadriyan ◽  
Wayan Putu Sutirtayasa
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the ENT-HNS were the highest of all malignant tumors of the head and neck. Malnutrition and cachexia is a common problem in cancer patients and impact on quality of life and survival. Anemia is a major problem in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Objective: Determine the relationship of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage with anemia and nutritional status. Material and methods: This study used cross sectional analytic method. Data were obtained from medical records of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated in province hospital West Nusa Tenggara period January 2018 to December 2018. Data collected include the identity, diagnosis, hemoglobin value, weight and height. Having analyzed the data collected are looking for is there a relationship between stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma with anemia and nutritional status. Results: In this study, Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Anova is then performed to analyze the relationship stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma with anemia status obtained 95% CI, p value 0.847, there is no difference between stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma with anemia. Kruskal Wallis test to analyze the relationship with BMI (body mass index) with stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma obtained 95% CI, p value 0.565. There is no difference in BMI with stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Conclusion: There is a tendency to lower Hb in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer further stage although there is no significant difference between each stage. The same thing was found in BMI, BMI decreased tendency in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer although there was no statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) IN HEAD AND NECK TUMOURS AT SOME SELECTED HOSPITAL IN GHANA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Barnes ◽  
F.A Yeboah ◽  
Jinling Zhu ◽  
Roland Osei Saahene ◽  
Patrick Akakpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Clinicopathological Factors ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Neck Tumour ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Abstract: Background: Head and neck Tumour (HNT) are tumour of the paranasal sinuses, the salivary glands and the upper aero¬digestive tract. EGF can stimulate cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell growth, migration, and inhibit apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of EGFR in head and neck tumour. Method: EGFR expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining on tissue samples from a consecutive series of 150 head and neck tumour patients who underwent tumor resections between 2014 and 2018. Results: The relationship between EGFR expressions, clinicopathological factors, was investigated. qRT-PCR results showed that the EGFR expression was high in tumor tissue samples than in the normal head and neck tissues. High and low EGFR was compared with ages ≤40,>40 in the head and neck cancer of p- value 0.03. There was a significant difference between the histological differentiation of the malignant tumour with p values of 0.001, when well, moderate and poor was compared. There was a significant difference (p-value 0.012) between the I-II and III-IV tumour stages when the high level and low expression of EGFR were compared. Conclusion: Our data suggest that EGFR plays an important role in head and neck tumour progression and that its expression will provide baseline data to facilitate identification of new molecular targeting therapeutics. Keywords: EGFR, Head and neck tumour, Clinicopathological factors.

Hubungan Sikap dan Karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan Keikutsertaan dalam Program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Ainul Mardhiah ◽  
Nova Hasbani Prima Dewi ◽  
Aminy Aminy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of

The family planning program also aims to improve the quality of the family in order to generate a sense of security, peace and hope of a better future in realizing the prosperity of birth and inner happiness. Allegedly the factor causing EFA participation in the family planning program is characteristic. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (PUS) with participation in family planning program at UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District, East Aceh regency 2018. The research design used was analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population of this study is all Pairs Age of Fertile located in Work Area UPT Sungai Raya Public Health Service Center in January to December 2017 which amounted to 1897 people. Sampling using Slovin formula, obtained as many as 95 samples. The study was conducted from 7-17 July 2018 using questionnaires by interview. Statistical test using chi-square test. Result of research indicate that majority of fertile couple couples (PUS) participate in family planning program as much as 67 respondents (70,5%). Statistically there is relationship of attitude and characteristic of Elderly Age Couple (EFA) with non participation in family planning program in Working Area of UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh Regency 2018 with p value <0,1. It is recommended that the family planning program holders in UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Sungai Raya District of East Aceh District to invite cross-sectoral figures to hold meetings to create mini workshop plans at least once a month to increase the participation of the Elderly Age Couple (PUS) in family planning programs. Keyword : Family Planning Program, Attitudes, CharacteristicsABSTRAKProgram KB juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas keluarga agar dapat timbul rasa aman, tentram, dan harapan masa depan yang lebih baik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan lahir dan kebahagiaan batin. Diduga faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakikutsertaan PUS dalam program KB adalah karakteristik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan keikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan bedah lintang. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pasangan Usia Subur yang berada di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember tahun 2017 yang berjumlah 1.897 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 95 sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari tanggal 7-17 Juli tahun 2018 menggunakan kuesioner dengan cara wawancara. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) ikut serta dalam program KB yaitu sebanyak 67 responden (70,5%). Secara statistik ada hubungan sikap dan karakteristik Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan ketidakikutsertaan dalam program KB di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur tahun 2018 dengan p value < 0,1. Sebaiknya pemegang program KB di UPT Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur agar mengajak tokoh lintas sektor agar mengadakan pertemuan untuk membuat rencana loka karya mini setidaknya satu bulan sekali untuk meningkatkan keikutsertaan Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dalam program KB.Kata Kunci : Program KB, Sikap, Karakteristik

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