scholarly journals The Prevalence of Alcohol and Substance Use Among Medical Students at The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jarurin Pitanupong ◽  
Ornpailin Ratanapinsiri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Prince Of Songkla University ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective: To study the prevalence of alcohol and substance use among medical students.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed Prince of Songkla University medical students in 2016. Questionnaires for demographic data, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), experience with alcohol and substance abuse, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Thai version (PHQ-9) were used. We analyzed the data in order to describe the behavior of subjects by descriptive statistics. The factors associated with alcohol used were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: Seven hundred thirty-nine (70.1%) of medical students completed the questionnaires. Participants, 56.0% were female and 44.0% were male. Mean age was 21.2 years old; 53.3% have drunk alcohol; the gender proportion of drinkers was 60.0% of males and 48.1% of females. By AUDIT, 23.1% of medical students were high-risk drinkers. The most common reason for alcohol consumption was social engagement (91.9%) and the most common reason for not drinking was having knowledge about the harmful health effects of alcohol (51.2%). Of the medical students, 7.6% had experience with substance use. The drugs most commonly used were cigarettes (5.3%) and baraku (4.6%). According to the PHQ-9, 11.2% of all medical students, 12.6% in males and 10.1% in females had depression. However, these high levels of depression did not associate with a high-risk of alcohol consumption. The significant factors that associated with high-risk drinking were gender [odd ratio (OR)=1.9 (1.1-3.4)] and experience with substance use [OR=3.8 (2.0-7.3)].Conclusion: Half of medical students drank alcohol and approximate 1 in 10 had experience with substance use. Gender and experience with substance use were the significant factors that correlated with high-risk drinking.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Alcohol and Substance Use Among Medical Students at The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jarurin Pitanupong ◽  
Ornpailin Ratanapinsiri
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Prince Of Songkla University ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective: To study the prevalence of alcohol and substance use among medical students.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed Prince of Songkla University medical students in 2016. Questionnaires for demographic data, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), experience with alcohol and substance abuse, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Thai version (PHQ-9) were used. We analyzed the data in order to describe the behavior of subjects by descriptive statistics. The factors associated with alcohol used were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: Seven hundred thirty-nine (70.1%) of medical students completed the questionnaires. Participants, 56.0% were female and 44.0% were male. Mean age was 21.2 years old; 53.3% have drunk alcohol; the gender proportion of drinkers was 60.0% of males and 48.1% of females. By AUDIT, 23.1% of medical students were high-risk drinkers. The most common reason for alcohol consumption was social engagement (91.9%) and the most common reason for not drinking was having knowledge about the harmful health effects of alcohol (51.2%). Of the medical students, 7.6% had experience with substance use. The drugs most commonly used were cigarettes (5.3%) and baraku (4.6%). According to the PHQ-9, 11.2% of all medical students, 12.6% in males and 10.1% in females had depression. However, these high levels of depression did not associate with a high-risk of alcohol consumption. The significant factors that associated with high-risk drinking were gender [odd ratio (OR)=1.9 (1.1-3.4)] and experience with substance use [OR=3.8 (2.0-7.3)].Conclusion: Half of medical students drank alcohol and approximate 1 in 10 had experience with substance use. Gender and experience with substance use were the significant factors that correlated with high-risk drinking.

scholarly journals Happiness Status and Related Factors Among Clinic-Medical Students of Prince of Songkla University, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Jarurin Pitanupong ◽  
Supawan Kanapikkhu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prince Of Songkla University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinic Medical ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective: To study the happiness status and related factors among clinic-medical students.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to survey all medical students, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University in 2015. Questionnaires for demographic data, health, activity, human relationships andThai Mental Health Indicators-15 were used. Mean,percentage, chi-square, and fisher’s exact test were used toanalyze the data.Result: There were 403 medical students (80.2%) who completed the questionnaires. Of the medical students, 56.3% were female. Mean age was 23 years old; 26.6% had history of drinking alcohol. The significant factors associatedwith happiness status were medical class, history of drinking, and exercise. Fourth year medical students had asignificantly higher happiness status than 5th and 6th year students (p-value<0.001). Medical students who didn’t havehistory of drinking had a significantly higher happiness status than medical students who had a history of drinking(85.0% and 73.6%, p-value=0.014). Medical students who had a history of exercise had a significantly higher happinessstatus than medical students who didn’t have a history of exercise (84.5% and 73.7%, p-value=0.024).Conclusion: The significant factors associated with happiness status were medical class, history of drinking alcohol,and exercise. Being in the 6th year of medical school and having a history of drinking were significant factors relatedto a lower happiness status. History of exercise was a significant factor related to a higher happiness status.

High Risk Drinking and College Students' Self-Perceptions

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Araujo ◽  
Eugene H. Wong
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Risk Drinking

The present study examined the relationship between high risk drinking and college students' self-perceptions. High risk drinking was defined as the consumption of four or more drinks in a row for women and five or more drinks in a row for men during a single sitting (within the last year). Historical trends regarding college-age drinking indicate that 44% of college students fit the criteria for high risk drinking at least once over the past year. A survey was administered to 210 college students (52 men and 158 women) between 18 and 22 years of age ( M = 20.9, SD = 1.3) to assess their use of alcohol and their self-perceptions. Students' self-perceptions were measured with four subscales from the Neemann-Harter Self-perception Profile for College Students. Students either volunteered to participate in this study outside of class or were solicited during class. It was predicted that students' self-perceptions would differ significantly depending upon their alcohol consumption, i.e., 17.1% were Abstainers, 25.2% were Nonproblem Drinkers, and 57.6% were High Risk Drinkers. Analysis gave significant difference on Global Self-worth between students who abstained and those who were High Risk Drinkers. However, students' perceptions of Scholastic Competence, Intellectual Ability, and Social Acceptance did not differ significantly for the alcohol consumption groups. In addition to high risk drinking, a number of other variables were associated with self-perceptions, such as high school alcohol use, low high school GPA, and students' reported academic involvement. These relations are discussed.

scholarly journals Why Me? An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Drinking Gamers’ Reasons for Selecting Other Players to Drink

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Audley ◽  
Kelcie Grenier ◽  
Jessica L. Martin ◽  
Jeremy Ramos
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
High Risk Drinking

A drinking game (DG) is a high-risk drinking activity because it consists of rules that facilitate heavy drinking. The opportunity to select another player to drink is a feature of certain games, which makes DGs unique among other high-risk drinking activities. Thus, the present study’s aims were to examine the primary reasons why DG participants select another player to drink and why someone believes she or he was selected. We collected qualitative, online responses to open-ended questions about the personal qualities that increase players’ chances of being selected to drink while playing a DG ( N = 409; emerging adults ages 18–25 years; 54.3% women; 41.6% noncurrent college students). Overall, most participants reported perceived personality qualities, followed by a desire for interaction or alcohol consumption, as the primary reason that players are selected, why they are selected, and why they select other players to drink. Implications for practice and future research directions are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption, substance use, and depression in relation to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) nonadherence among gay, bisexual, and other men-who-have-sex-with-men

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
Narges Joharchi ◽  
Isaac I. Bogoch ◽  
Mona Loutfy ◽  
Frederic Crouzat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) substantially diminishes the likelihood of HIV acquisition, poor adherence can decrease the HIV-protective benefits of PrEP. The present investigation sought to identify the extent to which alcohol consumption, substance use, and depression were linked to PrEP nonadherence among gay, bisexual, and other men-who-have-sex-with-men (gbMSM). Methods gbMSM (age ≥ 18, prescribed PrEP for ≥3 months) were recruited from two clinics in Toronto, Canada for an e-survey assessing demographics; PrEP nonadherence (4-day PrEP-focused ACTG assessment); hazardous and harmful alcohol use (AUDIT scores of 8–15 and 16+, respectively); moderate/high risk substance use (NIDA M-ASSIST scores > 4); depression (CESD-10 scores ≥10); and other PrEP-relevant factors. The primary outcome, PrEP nonadherence, entailed missing one or more PrEP doses over the past 4 days. A linear-by-linear test of association assessed whether increasing severity of alcohol use (i.e., based on AUDIT categories) was linked to a greater occurrence of PrEP nonadherence. Univariate logistic regression was employed to determine factors associated with PrEP nonadherence, and factors demonstrating univariate associations at the p < .10 significance level were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Additive and interactive effects involving key significant factors were assessed through logistic regression to evaluate potential syndemic-focused associations. Results A total of 141 gbMSM (Mean age = 37.9, white = 63.1%) completed the e-survey. Hazardous/harmful drinking (31.9%), moderate/high risk substance use (43.3%), and depression (23.7%) were common; and one in five participants (19.9%) reported PrEP nonadherence. Increasing alcohol use level was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of nonadherence (i.e., 15.6, 25.0, and 44.4% of low-risk, hazardous, and harmful drinkers reported nonadherence, respectively (χ2(1) = 4.79, p = .029)). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that harmful alcohol use (AOR = 6.72, 95%CI = 1.49–30.33, p = .013) and moderate/high risk cocaine use (AOR = 3.11, 95%CI = 1.01–9.59, p = .049) independently predicted nonadherence. Furthermore, an additive association emerged, wherein the likelihood of PrEP nonadherence was highest among those who were hazardous/harmful drinkers and moderate/high risk cocaine users (OR = 2.25, 95%CI = 1.19–4.25, p = .013). Depression was not associated with nonadherence. Conclusions Findings highlight the need to integrate alcohol- and substance-focused initiatives into PrEP care for gbMSM. Such initiatives, in turn, may help improve PrEP adherence and reduce the potential for HIV acquisition among this group.

Problem Alcohol Use in Young Australian Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Reid ◽  
Obioha C. Ukoumunne ◽  
Carolyn Coffey ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
John B. Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Objective: To examine the extent to which excessive drinking in young adults is associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Method: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the eighth wave of the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, which comprised 1943 Victorians currently aged 24–25 years drawn from 44 secondary schools across the state in 1992. The main outcome measures of interest were short-term risk drinking status (based on daily alcohol consumption) and long-term risk drinking status (based on total weekly alcohol consumption). Results: Two out of 5 participants drank at moderate to high risk levels for short-term harm. Yet, because young people tend to drink on only 1–2 days a week, fewer (22%) were at moderate to high risk for long-term harm. Although 20% of the participants met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence, most of those in the moderate- to high-risk drinking categories were not diagnosed with either alcohol disorder. Conclusion: Excessive alcohol use in one or two sessions a week appears to be common in young Australian adults. While short- and long-term risky drinking is more common in those with an alcohol use disorder, the majority of moderate- and high-risk drinking is done by those who do not meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption in China Before and During COVID-19: Preliminary Results From an Online Retrospective Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
Heli Lu ◽  
Maorong Hu ◽  
Shiyou Wu ◽  
Jianhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Background: Alcohol is an important aspect of Chinese culture, and alcohol use has been traditionally accepted in China. People with stress, anxiety, and depression may use more alcohol. More people reported symptoms of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Thus, people may drink more alcohol during the outbreak of COVID-19 than before COVID-19.Methods: An online retrospective survey was conducted on a total sample of 2,229 participants. Drinking behaviors before and during COVID-19, current risky drinking and hazardous drinking, and the association between high-risk drinking and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed via self-reported measures on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS−21).Results: This study found that, compared with before COVID-19, alcohol consumption was slightly decreased during COVID-19 (from 3.5 drinks to 3.4 drinks, p = 0.035) in the overall sample. Most (78.7%) alcohol drinkers were males. Before and during COVID-19, males consumed more drinks per week (4.2 and 4.0 vs. 1.3 and 1.2 drinks), had a higher percentage of heavy drinking (8.1 and 7.7% vs. 4.4 and 2.7%), and more drinking days per week (2.1 and 2.1 vs. 1.0 and 0.9 days). Males also had more risky drinking (43.2 vs. 9.3%) and hazardous drinking (70.2 vs. 46.6%) than female counterparts. This study also found that high-risk drinking predicted anxiety in females.Conclusions: This study suggests a slight reduction in alcohol consumption during COVID-19. However, hazardous drinking is common, especially among male alcohol drinkers. Males consumed more alcohol, had more risky and hazardous drinking than female counterparts both before and during COVID-19. Public health policy makers should pay more attention to developing effective, population-based strategies to prevent harmful alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Alcohol and Tobacco Use among Men and Women in Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifei He ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
The Individual

Namibia is known to have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Individuals who smoke are more likely to drink, and vice versa. It was reported that the individual rewarding effect of drinking and smoking were reported to be higher than when they are used at the same time. In this study our objective was to examine the individual and combined prevalence of drinking and smoking and investigate their sociodemographic correlates among adolescent and adult men and women in Namibia. This study was based on data from Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2013). Sample population were 14,185 men and women aged between 15 and 64 years. Self-reported tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption patterns were the outcome variables. Data were analysed using complex sampling techniques to account for survey design. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to measure the association between drinking and smoking with the sociodemographic factors. The prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was, respectively, 53.1% (51.5–54.6) and 8.8% (8.1–9.5), and that of both drinking and smoking was 6.9% (6.3–7.6). In the regression analysis, several sociodemographic factors were found to be significantly associated with alcohol and tobacco use including age, area of residence, religion and educational status. Overall, women had higher rates of drinking alcohol; however, men had higher rates of engaging in high risk drinking. Men and women who reported drinking alcohol had, respectively, 2.57 and 4.60 times higher odds of smoking. Findings suggest that the prevalence of drinking was higher than that of smoking, with men having higher prevalence of high risk drinking. Men and women who drink alcohol were more likely to be smokers. The prevalence of both alcohol and tobacco use showed important sociodemographic patterns which need to be taken into consideration in designing prevention and intervention programs. Strategic tobacco control and smoking cessation approaches should pay particular attention to alcohol users.

Preventing High-Risk Drinking among College Students: A Social Marketing Case Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavis J. Glassman ◽  
Virginia Dodd ◽  
Eleanor Maureen Miller ◽  
Robert E. Braun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Drinking And Driving ◽  
The Social ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Investigators implemented a social marketing intervention to reduce alcohol consumption at a large university in the southeastern United States. The objective was to decrease high-risk drinking and drinking and driving and to change the perception that alcohol use increases sexual opportunities among college students. Formative research revealed that high-risk college students associate undesirable social consequences with excessive drinking (e.g., embarrassing oneself, annoying peers, offending the other sex, or burdening friends). An intervention was developed in which the product was avoiding the social stigma associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Promotional materials illustrating the social repercussions associated with excessive alcohol use and promoting the advantages of moderating one's drinking were disseminated in popular student venues; price was raised by increased law enforcement; and place was addressed by providing alcohol-free alternative activities. Evaluation included a time-series design in which students completed an anonymous online standard alcohol and drug survey and reviewing campus records of drinking under the influence (DUI) citations, alcohol-related judicial violations, and emergency department transports for alcohol overdose. Self-reported high-risk drinking, drinking and driving, and the perception that alcohol facilitates sexual opportunity rates decreased 33%, 45%, and 21%, respectively. DUI violations, alcohol-related judicial violations, and student transports to the emergency department for alcohol overdose decreased 13%, 28%, and 37%, respectively. Programmatic goals and objectives were met. Social marketing interventions appear to be a promising and cost-effective means to reduce high-risk drinking and the associated consequences among college students. Addressing social ramifications appears to be more motivating than conveying the prevalence of high-risk drinking.

scholarly journals Are population trends in high-risk alcohol consumption in smokers associated with trends in quit attempts and quit success? A time-series analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034262
Author(s):  
Emma Beard ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Susan Michie
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Monthly Changes ◽  
High Risk Drinking

ObjectivesMonthly changes in the prevalence of high-risk drinking and smoking in England appear to be positively correlated. This study aimed to assess how far monthly changes in high-risk drinking were specifically associated with attempts to stop smoking and the success of quit attempts.DesignData were used from the Alcohol and Smoking Toolkit Studies between April 2014 and June 2018. These involve monthly household face-to-face surveys of representative samples of ~1800 adults.SettingEngland.ParticipantsData were aggregated on 17 560 past-year smokers over the study period.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAutoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous input (ARIMAX) modelling was used to assess the association over time between monthly prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and (a) prevalence of attempts to quit smoking and (b) prevalence of successful quit attempts in those attempting to quit. Bayes factors (BF) were calculated to compare the null hypothesis with the hypothesis of an effect sufficiently large (β=0.6) to explain the established association between overall prevalence in smoking and high-risk drinking.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between monthly changes in prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and attempts to quit smoking (β=0.156, 95% CI −0.079 to 0.391, p=0.194) or quit success (β=0.066, 95% CI −0.524 to 0.655, p=0.827). BF indicated that the data were insensitive but suggested there is weak evidence for the null hypothesis in the case of both quit attempts (BF=0.80) and quit success (BF=0.53).ConclusionsMonthly changes in prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption in England are not clearly associated with changes in quit attempt or quit success rates.

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