HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LUNGS AND PULMONARY LYMPH NODES IN CALVES WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE

In order to identify pathomorphological changes, histological studies of the lungs of calves from two groups were performed. Calves of the first group had parainfluenza, and the second group included calves with an acute course of catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia with clinical signs of chronic and acute pulmonary pathology. Clinical and histological methods of investigation were used in the work. Established pathomorphological changes in the lungs of calves of the first group in the form of chronic interstitial bronchopneumonia accompanied by compensatory chronic alveo-lar emphysema, formation of multinucleated symplast and multicellular syncytiae from the epitheli-um of alveoli, as well as mixed cytopathic forms of respiratory epithelium - symplasts-syncytiae are characteristic cytological signs of chronic parainfluenza infection. Detection of local thickening of bronchial walls due to proliferation of multilobular epithelium and infiltration of its submucosal base by lymphoid cells with narrowed lumen profiles also confirms parainfluenza etiology of the changes that occurred in the lungs. Marked manifestations of bronchopneumonia were manifested with maximum intensity in ventilated cardiac and diaphragmatic lungs of sick calves. Chronic inflammatory process in the lungs at parainfluenza was complicated by fibrinous pleurisy, as well as peri- and endocarditis, myocardiodystrophy with distorted structure of cardio-myocytes and atypical heart cells. In the pulmonary lymph nodes of parainfluenza-affected calves a moderately pronounced hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue cells with the presence of secondary lymph nodes, some of which had a pronounced structure of dark cellular periphery and a broad cell-rich germinative zone. In calves of the second group with an acute course of catarrhal purulent broncho-pneumonia we could not detect the above cytopathic changes in the airways and the respiratory part of the lungs. Pathological changes in the lungs were predominantly exudative, represented by se-rous alveolitis, catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia with involvement of anterior and cardiac lobes of the organ. Short course of the disease was accompanied by weak proliferation of lymphoid tissue cells in pulmonary lymph nodes.

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Expression of tenascin in developing and adult mouse lymphoid organs.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/41.8.7687262 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 1163-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G Ocklind ◽

J Talts ◽

R Fässler ◽

A Mattsson ◽

P Ekblom

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Northern Blot ◽

Adult Mouse ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Differential Splicing ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Mouse Tissues ◽

Adult Thymus ◽

Short Splice Variant

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in regulating many cell functions in non-lymphoid cells, and the ECM may also play a role in the function of the immune system. Tenascin is a hexameric glycoprotein of the ECM. In mouse, two major polypeptides of MW 210 KD and 260 KD are formed by differential splicing. Northern blot screening of various mouse tissues showed that the short 6 KB tenascin message was strongly expressed in the adult thymus, whereas very little or no tenascin mRNA could be detected in spleen. In addition, immunoblotting and histological analysis with monoclonal anti-tenascin antibodies revealed the presence of tenascin in lymph nodes and spleen. In thymus, only a short-splice variant of tenascin was detected by immunoblotting, which supported the Northern blot results. Immunohistology showed that the epithelial reticular stroma in both embryonic and adult mouse thymus expressed tenascin, as did the postnatal mesenchymal reticular stroma in lymph nodes and spleen. The distribution of tenascin in the thymus was more restricted than that of fibronectin and laminin.

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Sampling lymphoid tissue cells by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes in HIV-infected patients

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-199908200-00010 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1503-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Pierre-Alexandre Bart ◽

Jean-Yves Meuwly ◽

Jean-Marc Corpataux ◽

Sabine Yerly ◽

Paolo Rizzardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Tissue Cells

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THE PROLIFERATIVE AND ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF RABBIT LYMPHOID CELLS IN VITRO

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.130.2.287 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 287-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

E. B. Jacobson ◽

G. J. Thorbecke

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Slow Release ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Secondary Response ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Secondary Antibody ◽

Lymph Node Cells

Popliteal lymph nodes were obtained from rabbits 4 days to 9 months after a primary injection of diphtheria toxoid or bovine γ-globulin into the footpad. The ability of cells from these nodes to proliferate upon reexposure to antigen in vitro was compared to the height of the secondary response produced by tissue fragments. In addition, a comparison was made between the responsiveness of draining and contralateral lymph nodes. While the secondary antibody response in vitro increased markedly with the time after immunization at which the lymph nodes were taken from the animals, the degree of proliferation induced by antigen was highest with cells from lymph nodes taken early after priming (peak day 7) and was very much lower with lymph node cells taken longer than 3 wk after priming. This striking difference between these two responses has been discussed. Contralateral lymph nodes were much inferior to draining nodes in their ability to give a secondary antibody response in vitro, and never gave a detectable proliferative response. This difference became less marked with time after priming, but could still be demonstrated after 4 months. These results suggest a concentration of primed cells in the lymphoid tissue draining the site of injection, and a slow release of these cells into the circulation, to be distributed to the remaining lymphoid tissue.

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Distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.58.2010.4.9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 483-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zsolt Becskei ◽

Sanja Aleksić-Kovačević ◽

Miklós Rusvai ◽

Gyula Balka ◽

Csaba Jakab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Lymphatic Tissue ◽

Lymphocyte Depletion ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Porcine Circovirus 2

The lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of North Bačka County were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in Serbia. All of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). All pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and PCR analysis. The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was established by PCR analysis in the organs of the pigs tested. The most frequent histopathological lesions of lymphoid tissue linked with the presence of positive immunostaining for PCV2 Cap antigen confirmed the existence of PMWS in all farms tested in North Bačka County. Using PCR, histopathological and IHC techniques, the presence of PMWS was proved in the Republic of Serbia. During necropsy, generalised enlargement of the lymph nodes was evident. The most common histopathological finding was lymphocyte depletion in the follicular and perifollicular areas of lymph nodes. Infiltration by macrophages was also recorded. By IHC analysis, the cytoplasm of macrophages was shown to contain a large amount of the ORF2-coded Cap antigen of PCV2. Lymphocyte depletion and large numbers of macrophages were recorded in the tonsils, spleen, intestinal lymphatic tissue, Peyer’s patches and ileocaecal valve. The presence of typical granulomatous lesions with multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) was also recorded in the lymphatic tissue. Cap antigen was shown to be present in macrophages and less often in lymphocytes.

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MATERIAL FROM LYMPH NODES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.49.2.323 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 323-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claude E. Forkner

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Cell Types ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Neutral Red ◽

The Body ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Mass

1. Lymph nodes from all parts of the body have been studied in a series of 58 rabbits. All of these studies have been on normal animals or on animals in which there were no specific pathologic lesions of the lymph nodes. 2. The supravital method of studying living cells has been employed together with the method of fixed sections. A correlation of the findings with these two methods is made. 3. Lymph nodes from different parts of the body possess marked differences in their cytology. 4. Developing monocytes have been found as normal constituents of all the lymph nodes of the rabbit except the mesenteric mass lying in the mesentery at the lower border of the stomach. When present the monocytes occur in varying numbers being most abundant in the more superficial nodes, particularly in the popliteal group, where they may constitute one-third to one-half of the total cells present. 5. The position of the developing monocytes in the lymph node is believed to be chiefly in the perifollicular area without definite relationship to the lymph sinuses. In some instances they are also found in the follicle itself or scattered in the medullary area. More accurate knowledge on this point must await further study. 6. During the first hours of life the monocytes are present in the lymph nodes in the same relationship as in the adult animal. 7. The monocytes are not normally present in the efferent lymphatics draining the popliteal nodes and are not normally present in the thoracic duct. It is suggested that the monocytes being extravascular in origin, enter the blood stream by means of their own motility in much the same manner as the granular leucocytes gain admission to the circulating blood. Unequivocal proof of this point can be obtained only by further investigation. 8. Many of the lymphoid cells of the lymph nodes have shown a definite division of cytoplasm into ectoplasm and endoplasm. The mitochondria and neutral red bodies are sharply limited to the less basophilic endoplasm. 9. Eosinophils are found in great numbers in the mediastinal lymph nodes and are less numerous in the mesenteric and superficial nodes. 10. Clasmatocytes are found in great numbers in the mesenteric lymph nodes where they are concentrated particularly in the medullary areas. They are also present in the spleen. They are much less numerous in other lymphoid tissue. 11. Several cell types not previously described are found to be normal constituents of a large percentage of normal rabbit lymph nodes. 12. Primitive cells are found throughout the lymphoid tissue, but are in greater numbers in the area of the germ center of the follicle. 13. No evidence of erythropoiesis could be found in normal lymph nodes. 14. The spleen and bone marrow in this series of animals have not been normally concerned to any significant degree in the formation and development of monocytes. 15. Further experiments are necessary to demonstrate conclusively whether or not the lymph nodes, other than the mesenteric group, are normally the exclusive source of the monocytes of blood.

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Regulation of murine lymphokine production in vivo. III. The lymphoid tissue microenvironment exerts regulatory influences over T helper cell function.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.171.4.979 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 171 (4) ◽

pp. 979-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 221

Author(s):

R A Daynes ◽

B A Araneo ◽

T A Dowell ◽

K Huang ◽

D Dudley

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Lymphoid Organs ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Tissues

We investigated the capacity of murine T lymphocytes, isolated from various lymphoid organs of normal or antigen-primed donors, to produce IL-2 or IL-4 after activation with anti-CD3 or specific antigen. Our results established that T cells resident within lymphoid organs being drained by nonmucosal tissue sites (e.g., axillary, inguinal, brachial lymph nodes, or spleen) produced IL-2 as the predominant T cell growth factor (TCGF) after activation. Conversely, activated T cells from lymphoid organs being drained by mucosal tissues (Peyer's patches, and cervical, periaortic, and parathymic lymph nodes) produced IL-4 as the major species of TCGF. Analysis of the lymphoid tissues obtained from adoptive recipients of antigen-primed lymphocytes provided by syngeneic donors provided evidence that direct influences were being exerted on T cells during their residence within defined lymphoid compartments. These lymphoid tissue influences appeared to be responsible for altering the potential of resident T cells to produce distinct species of TCGF. Steroid hormones, known transcriptional enhancers and repressors of specific cellular genes, were implicated in the controlling mechanisms over TCGF production. Glucocorticoids (GCs) were found to exert a systemic effect on all recirculating T cells, evidenced by a marked dominance in IL-4 production by T cells obtained from all lymphoid organs of GC-treated mice, or after a direct exposure of normal lymphoid cells to GCs in vitro before cellular activation with T cell mitogens. Further, the androgen steroid DHEA appeared to be responsible for providing an epigenetic influence to T cells trafficking through peripheral lymphoid organs. This steroid influence resulted in an enhanced potential for IL-2 secretion after activation. Anatomic compartmentalization of the DHEA-facilitated influence appears to be mediated by differential levels of DHEA-sulfatase in lymphoid tissues. DHEA-sulfatase is an enzyme capable of converting DHEA-sulfate (inactive) to the active hormone DHEA. We find very high activities of this enzyme isolated in murine macrophages. The implications of our findings to immunobiology are very great, and indicate that T cells, while clonally restricted for antigen peptide recognition, also appear to exhibit an extreme flexibility with regards to the species of lymphokines they produce after activation. Regulation of this highly conservative mechanism appears to be partially, if not exclusively, controlled by cellular influences being exerted by distinct species of steroid hormones, supplied in an endocrine or a paracrine manner where they mediate either systemic or tissue-localized influences, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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MICROELEMENT PROFILE AND STRUCTURE OF REGIONALLYMPH NODES DURING SENILE INVOLUTION OF LYMPHOID TISSUE

Archiv Euromedica ◽

10.35630/2199-885x/2021/11/1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 48-51

Author(s):

Olga Gorchakova ◽

Vladimir Gorchakov ◽

Yurii Kolmogorov ◽

Bayan Nurmakhanova ◽

Serik Abdreshov

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

External Environment ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Regional Lymph Nodes ◽

X Ray ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Age Related

The microelement profile and structure of lymph nodes were studied in experiment using old Wistar rats by means of a morphological method and the X-ray fluorescent analysis with synchrotron radiation. Their special qualitative and quantitative status is formed in regional lymph nodes that reflect age-related dynamics of lymphoid tissue. The content of trace elements and the size of compartments differ in lymph nodes of different localization. Age-related modifications in a microelement profile are characterized by proliferation of lymphoid cells, development of compartments and initiation of a corresponding immune response at the level of regional lymph nodes with different contact to external environment. Localization of lymph nodes is one of conditions for realization of the principle of a regional determinant (regional specifics).

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Clinical Significance of ROMs, OXY, SHp and HMGB-1 in Canine Leishmaniosis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Michela Pugliese ◽

Alessandra Sfacteria ◽

Gaetano Oliva ◽

Annastella Falcone ◽

Manuela Gizzarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Canine Leishmaniosis ◽

Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽

Stress Parameters

This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress parameters (ROMs, OXY, SHp), the Oxidative Stress index (OSi), and High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in canine leishmaniosis (CanL). For this study, thirty dogs, naturally infected with Leishmania spp. (Leishmania Group, LEISH) and ten healthy adult dogs (control group, CTR) were included. The diagnosis of CanL was performed by a cytological examination of lymph nodes, real time polymerase chain reaction on biological tissues (lymph nodes and whole blood), and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies associated with clinical signs such as dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, onychogryphosis, weight loss, cachexia, lameness, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, and hepatosplenomegaly. The HMGB-1 and oxidative stress parameters of the LEISH Group were compared with the values recorded in the CTR group (Mann Whitney Test, p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between the HMGB-1, oxidative stress biomarkers, hematological and biochemical parameters in the LEISH Group. Results showed statistically significant higher values of SHp in the LEISH Group. Specific correlation between the ROMs and the number of red blood cells, and between HGMB-1 and SHp were recorded. These preliminary data may suggest the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CanL. Further studies are undoubtedly required to evaluate the direct correlation between inflammation parameters with the different stages of CanL. Similarly, further research should investigate the role of ROMs in the onset of anemia.

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