scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS ON NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE (II) IN THE ORGANISM OF CALVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
L.A. Tukhvatullina ◽  
◽  
R.G. Karimova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serum Lysozyme ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents data on the dynamics of bactericidal activity of blood serum against St. aureus and E. coli, and the lysozyme activity of calf blood serum against Micrococcus lisodeicticus, as well as nitrate and nitrite anions when immunomodulators are administered. It has been established that administration of «Fosprenil» increases bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, whereas, Imunophane increases nonspecific resistance without affecting lysozyme activity. Nitric oxide (II) has been shown to be directly involved in the mechanism of non-specific immunity. At the same time, the stimulation of serum lysozyme activity requires nitric oxide (II) formation in high concentrations (above 50 µmol/l).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF «ARCUSIT» ON BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS BLOOD SERA IN SILVER-BLACK FOX (SILVER-BLACK FOX)

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
I.I. Okulova ◽  
◽  
I.A. Domsky ◽  
Yu.A. Berezina ◽  
Z.N. Beltyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of «Arkusit» at a dose of 20 μg / kg of body weight indicates a beneficial effect on the factors of nonspecific resistance of the silver-black fox. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum in the experimental group decreased by 1.8 times (P <0.001), the ALT index - by 1.2 (P <0.05). The concentration of glucose in the experimental group increased 2 times (P <0.05) compared with the control group. In animals of the experimental group, the lysozyme activity of blood serum increased 1.3 times (P <0.05), the OPR reaction and the phagocytic index - 1.4 times (P <0.05), the bactericidal activity of blood serum - 1.8 times (P <0.05). «Arcusit» stimulates the synthesis of gamma globulins, increases the opsonophagocytic, bactericidal activity of blood serum. Thus, the analysis of experimental data indicates that the drug «Arcusit» has a pronounced immunostimulating effect, providing the activation of factors of nonspecific resistance of the body of the silver-black fox.

scholarly journals Using Biferon-B for the prevention of mastitis in cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00099
Author(s):  
Sergey Shabunin ◽  
Alexander Pashentsev ◽  
Nikolay Klimov ◽  
Valentina Morgunova ◽  
Vasilina Gritsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Lactating Cows

The developed method for the prevention of mastitis in lactating cows by intramuscular injection of Biferon-B at doses of 5.0–10.0–20.0 ml, provided a preventive effect in 25.0–75.0 % of animals; the best effect was achieved with Biferon-B at a dose of 5.0 ml. The use of Biferon-B in clinically healthy lactating animals was accompanied by a decrease in blood levels of stab neutrophils by 58.8–65.0 %, circulating immune complexes by 23.4–62.6 %, with a higher content of segmented neutrophils by 4.8–7.8 %, monocytes by 5.6–57.1 %, lymphocytes by 4.9–12.3 %, total immunoglobulins by 5.7–14.3 %, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum by 6.4–23.1 % and 4.3–13.7 %, respectively. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils decreased by 5.6–10.9 %. With lower indicators of the intoxication index dropped by 12.8–19.1 %, the content of average molecular peptides by 2.4–22.6 %, nitric oxide by 24.5–45.4 %, MDA by 2.8–36.7 %; catalase activity increased by 2.7–12.8 % and GPx by 10.4–29.7 %.

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy and Variability of Converting Nitrate in Beetroot Juice to Plasma Nitrite

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Gary Miller ◽  
Summer Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Objectives Acute consumption of beetroot juice has cardiovascular benefits and improves exercise performance. Beetroot juice contains high concentrations of dietary nitrate (NO3−). Consumed NO3− is absorbed and reduced to nitrite (NO2−) through an enterosalivary pathway by oral facultative anaerobic bacteria. The absorbed NO2− is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) by a nitric oxide synthase independent pathway. Due to the heterogeneous efficiency of converting NO3− to NO2−, if beetroot juice is to be used to improve health, it is necessary to understand the variability and efficacy of long-term beetroot juice supplementation on converting dietary NO3− to plasma NO2−. Methods Healthy nonsmoking adults (mean age = 56.0 5.1 years) were randomized to consume beetroot juice daily with either 400 mg NO3− (BRJ+; n = 6; 4 females) or without NO3− (Placebo; n = 7; 6 females) for 12 weeks. They were instructed to refrain from consuming high nitrate containing foods and avoid using mouthwash for the study duration. At baseline prior to randomization, plasma levels of NO3−and NO2− were measured following an overnight fast before (pre) and 90 minutes after (post) consuming a 400 mg dose of BRJ+ to calculate % change [(post-pre)/pre * 100]. % change in plasma NO3− and NO2− was measured at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12. Results At baseline, 1 out of 13 participants was defined as a non-responder (&lt; 100% increase in %change of plasma NO2− after a NO3− dose). Weekly group means of %change in plasma NO2− for BRJ + varied from 400% at week 1 to 140% at week 12. Week-to-week individual variation in % change of plasma NO2− for BRJ + ranged from a 7.4% decrease to a 1324% increase. The BRJ + group had significantly greater nitrate and nitrite variability (P &lt; 0.05) compared to placebo. As expected, % change for plasma NO3− (P &lt; 0.001) and NO2− (P = 0.001) was greater for the BRJ + vs. placebo at all post-randomization time points. Conclusions Long-term consumption of NO3− containing beetroot juice increased plasma NO2− throughout the 12 week study. However, the large variability in response between individuals and across time needs further investigation to understand factors that influence this variability. Funding Sources Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University.

scholarly journals Nonspecific reactivity of the rabbits organism when exposed to cysticercosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Y. V. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Culture

One of the actual rabbits breeding problem is the reduction of their resistance, which is caused by the spread of individual invasive diseases, especially cysticercosis, which is caused by the larval Cysticercus pisiformis stage of the mature cestode Taenia pisiformis. The study was conducted on 38 male rabbits age 3–4 months, weighing 3.5–4.0 kg of the Californian breed, selected by analogy. Animal were separated into two groups: healthy animals (control group) and sick animals (research group). After blood collection, slaughter was conducted and the presence of cysticercus cysts was visually determined in the organisms of the rabbits. Control animals received a balanced standard granular feed and water without limit; research group in addition to the standard granulated feed with water received flaccid hay. The animals were kept in mesh single-tier cages in the room, according to the current veterinary and sanitary standards. The definition of phagocytic activity of neutrophils was carried out with the addition of standardized to 2500000000/ml suspension of daily culture of E. coli 055K59№3912/41. The bactericidal activity of blood serum was determined by the method Smirnova A.V. and Kuzmina T.A. in relation to the E. coli microbial test-culture 055K59№3912/41. The serum lysozyme activity was determined by the Nephelometric method using the Dorofachuk V.G. method to the microbial test culture Micrococcus luteus ATSS9341. Circulating immune complexes were determined using polyethylene glycol in borate buffer (pH 8.4). It was found that in blood of sick animals phagocytic activity is lower than in blood of healthy ones (respectively, 41.82 ± 1.51% versus 47.38 ± 1.10%, P < 0.01). The main cells involved in phagocytosis are leukocytes, in particular neutrophils and eosinophils. A low indicator of phagocytic activity shows depressed phagocytosis in the organism of animals suffering from cysticercosis of rabbits. The phagocytic number in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group was significantly lower by 0.51 units (P < 0.05) as compared to the control group and correlated with the index of phagocytic activity. An important element of immunity are indicators of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. Low bactericidal activity of serum by 12.88% (P < 0.01) and lysozyme activity in rabbits with Cysticercus pisiformis also indicates a weakening of the factors of nonspecific natural resistance of the organism. Analyzing the level of circulating immune complexes, we found a high level of medium (9.14 ± 0.40 vs 5.58 ± 0.50) and small (9.21 ± 1.35 vs 4.64 ± 0.68) CIC for cysticercosis, respectively, 1.64 (P < 0.01) and 1.98 times (P < 0.001) against the control. This indicates the inhibition of the immunobiological activity in the organism of rabbits as a result of the combination of specific antibodies with the products of the exchange of helminths.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the status of non-specific resistance of the ducks organism in stress conditions inclusion in the ration of probiotical additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
A.О. Krogh ◽  
I.A. Kolomiіets
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technological Stress

The article deals with the question of adaptation of the ducks organism during industrial cultivation for action of stress. The complex of successive stage reactions, caused by the functioning of stress-implementing systems, arise in the body of the poultry in response to the influence of destabilizing factors and aimed at neutralizing these factors, preservation of homeostasis. Increasing the influence of technological stress factors leads to a decrease in the immune status of the duck organism. The study of the effectiveness of incorporating into the diet ducks harmless feed additives, which contributes to the normalization of the course of adaptive-compensatory reactions in their body during the critical periods of postnatal ontogenesis and can serve as anti-stress prevention in conditions of industrial growth of this species of poultry remains relevant. The purpose of the work is to find out the implementation of an adaptation syndrome in the system of indices of non-specific resistance of the body of ducks when it is included in the diet of the biologically active feed supplement «Primix Bionorm K» and supplements «Biovir». The experiment was conducted on clinically healthy young ducks of the Pekin breed of egg production line. In the 270-day age, all three groups of ducks were modeled experimental technological stress in the form of prolonged transport. From 240 to 270 days of age, ducks additionally fed the additive «Primix Bionorm K» and was pouring with water an additive «Biovir». The material for research was blood, which was taken until morning feeding after slaughter on 240 days of life (to stress), 270 days of life (stage of anxiety), at 273 and 285 days (stages of resistance). Adaptation of the state of non-specific resistance of the duck of the control group to the control group under conditions of stress in the anxiety stage is characterized by an increase of 17.3% (Р < 0.05) of the value of the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, a decrease of 8.5% of the value of lysozyme activity of the blood serum, by 9.3% of phagocytic activity against the background of growth on 8.7% of the number of circulating immune complexes compared to 240-day-old poultry. At the stage of resistance there is a decrease in the amount of blood serum bactericidal activity by 17.3% (Р < 0.05), an increase in the activity of lysozyme in blood serum by 8.5%, and the number of immune complexes by 20.7% (Р < 0.05), with the stabilization of the studied parameters at the later stages of the development of a stress reaction. In these periods, a decrease in the body weight of control group ducks was set at 5.7 – 6.8%. Feeding of the additive «Primix Bionorm K» during the period of the implementation of the stress syndrome has a positive effect on the indices of the cellular and humoral level of nonspecific resistance in the form of an increase in the amount of bactericidal activity of the serum on 38.2% (P < 0.05), an increase in the activity of phagocytosis by 15.1% (P < 0.05), phagocytic index – by 36.1% (P < 0.05) with a decrease in the number of circulating immune complexes by 15.5%. The presentation of the additive «Biovir» causes an increase in the level of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum on 47.3% (P < 0.01) and 18.7% (P < 0.05). The use of additives can reduce the negative effect of transport stress in the duck body, increase nutrient uptake, as indicated by an increase in the body weight of experimental birds in the average by 7.1–10.5% (P < 0.05) during the development of the adaptive syndrome.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE PROBIOTIC STRAIN OF LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI ON PIGLETS IN THE POST-HARVEST PERIOD

PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A.N. OVCHAROVA ◽  
◽  
O.V. SOFRONOVA ◽  
L.L. POLYAKOVA ◽  
K.S. OSTRENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents data on the study of the effectiveness of a probiotic based on two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri on the indicators of nonspecific resistance and productivity of weaned piglets. The normalization of the digestive tract microflora under the action of probiotics, manifested in an increase in the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, with a simultaneous decrease in the number of salmonella, as well as the stimulation of non-specific immunity, together led to an increase in the growth rate of piglets. At the end of the experiment, the live weight of piglets treated with Lactobacillus reuteri was 9.3% higher and the average daily gains were 15.8% higher than the control group. At the same time, feed costs per 1 kg of growth decreased by 13.6%. This allows the use of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus reuteri in the diet of piglets to increase non-specific resistance and growth indicators in the post-weaning period.

SOME ASPECTS OF MECHANISM OF SUCCINAMIDES INFLUENCE ON METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ORGANISM

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
I. A. Palagina
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Energetic Metabolism ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Energy Processes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Succinate containing compounds possess many types of biological activity and are used for the development of drugs with the target and complex action. This paper is devoted to some aspects of the mechanism of succinamides’ action in a dose of 100 mg/kg. We studied the influence of the compound with antidiabetic properties, -phenylethylamide of 2-oxysuccinanyl acid ( -PhEA-OSAA), and its metabolites such as 2-hydroxyphenylsuccinamide (2-HPhSA) and β-phenylethylsuccinamide ( -PhESA) on the marker indicators of energetic metabolism (EM), antioxidant system (AOS) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in subacute experiment on rats. Studies have shown that the action of -FEA-OSAKA on metabolic homeostasis is realized through stimulation of EM, reduction of intensity of NO-synthase metabolism and weakening of the AOS. The nature of the action of -FES and 2-GFS, taking into account the indicators of the state of homeostasis, largely coincides with β-FEA-OSAKA. It was found that the key links in the mechanism of toxic action of succinamides are the effect on antioxidant potential, NO metabolism and energy processes.

Hygienic risk assessment by monitoring pathogens in municipal sewage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. von Bonsdorff ◽  
L. Maunula ◽  
R.M. Niemi ◽  
R. Rimhanen-Finne ◽  
M.-L. Hänninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Small Community ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Enteric Protozoa ◽  
Day Care Centre

The purpose of this study was to monitor the levels of human enteric viruses and enteric protozoa and to relate their presence to the microbes used as hygienic quality indicators in domestic sewage from a small community in Finland during a period of one year. Genome-based sensitive detection methods for the pathogens selected (astro- and Norwalk-like viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) have become available only recently and thus no earlier data was available. The effluent sewage is delivered into a river that serves as raw water for a larger town and the pathogens therefore constitute a health risk. The results showed that all the monitored pathogens could be detected, and that enteric viruses were present at considerable concentrations in sewage. High concentrations of astrovirus in raw sewage were observed during a diarrhea epidemic in the local day-care centre. The presence of viruses did not correlate with the monitored bacterial indicators of faecal contamination (coliforms, E. coli and enterococci) or with bacteriophages (somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA phages and B. fragilis phages). Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected from one sample (1/10) each.

Identification of N-Substituted Triazolo-azetidines as Novel Antibacterials using pDualrep2 HTS Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yan A. Ivanenkov ◽  
Renat S. Yamidanov ◽  
Ilya A. Osterman ◽  
Petr V. Sergiev ◽  
Vladimir A. Aladinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

Aim and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a serious constraint to the development of new effective antibacterials. Therefore, the discovery of the new antibacterials remains one of the main challenges in modern medicinal chemistry. This study was undertaken to identify novel molecules with antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Using our unique double-reporter system, in-house large-scale HTS campaign was conducted for the identification of antibacterial potency of small-molecule compounds. The construction allows us to visually assess the underlying mechanism of action. After the initial HTS and rescreen procedure, luciferase assay, C14-test, determination of MIC value and PrestoBlue test were carried out. Results: HTS rounds and rescreen campaign have revealed the antibacterial activity of a series of Nsubstituted triazolo-azetidines and their isosteric derivatives that has not been reported previously. Primary hit-molecule demonstrated a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL against E. coli Δ tolC with signs of translation blockage and no SOS-response. Translation inhibition (26%, luciferase assay) was achieved at high concentrations up to 160 µg/mL, while no activity was found using C14-test. The compound did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the PrestoBlue assay against a panel of eukaryotic cells. Within a series of direct structural analogues bearing the same or bioisosteric scaffold, compound 2 was found to have an improved antibacterial potency (MIC=6.25 µg/mL) close to Erythromycin (MIC=2.5-5 µg/mL) against the same strain. In contrast to the parent hit, this compound was more active and selective, and provided a robust IP position. Conclusion: N-substituted triazolo-azetidine scaffold may be used as a versatile starting point for the development of novel active and selective antibacterial compounds.

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