scholarly journals BRONZE AGE WOOL FABRICS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: RESULTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL, ISOTOPIC AND RADIOCARBON ANALYSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
N. SHISHLINA ◽  
◽  
O. ORFINSKAYA ◽  
D. KISELEVA ◽  
P. HOMMEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Bronze Age

The paper presents the results of technological, isotopic and radiocarbon analyses of wool fabric samples from the Bronze Age burials of South Siberia. It is suggested that the appearance of wool fibers in this region was connected to the Late Andronovo population of the middle — early second half of the II mil. BC. The location of the textile production centers remains an open question, because the isotopic composition of the studied samples (nitrogen, carbon, variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios) shows that wools textiles from the Uzhur, Uibat and Ust-Erba cemeteries could not have been produced locally.

scholarly journals ‘The Wool Road’ of the Late Bronze Age: Cultural, Geographical, and Chronological Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Shishlina
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Wool Textile ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
The Bronze Age

Innovative technologies for new products and consumption, a secondary product revolution, have dramatically changed the course of the Bronze Age economic transformations. Changes included introduction of an innovative technology of wool production and it’s spread among the Northern Eurasia population during 3000–2000 BC. Sophisticated methods of studying the ancient wool textile obtained from the Bronze Age sites of Northern Eurasia, i.e. technological analyses, radiocarbon dating, and the identification of the isotope signature preserved in the wool textile, made it possible not only to discuss the time the wool fiber appeared in the Bronze Age textile production and to determine the cultural context and areas but also to discuss a new hypothesis on the formation of so called Wool Road in early 2nd millennium BC – a route that connected the foothills, forest-steppe, and forest regions of Eastern Europe in the West and South Siberia and China in the East. The discovery of wool textiles and their radiocarbon dating clearly defines the spread of the innovative textile strategies out of the Near East from the South to the North, then from the North Caucasus Piedmont areas from the West to the East. The author suggests that one of the ways the wool textile spread to west was from the southern steppe region of Eastern Europe via the Black Sea steppes.

Beyond Textiles: Alternative Uses of Twisted Fibres and Evidence from Akrotiri, Thera

Światowit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Sophia Vakirtzi ◽  
Fragoula Georma ◽  
Artemis Karnava
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Textile Manufacture ◽  
Fibre Products ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Spindle Whorl ◽  
The Bronze Age

Fibre crafts are among the oldest technological practices of mankind. Although commonly associated with textile manufacture, twisted fibres in the form of threads have always had a wider range of use in everyday life. Strings and ropes constitute a humble but essential category of fibre products deriving from the same technology and organic matter as threads. Due to their organic nature, however, they are rarely preserved in the archaeological record, unless special environmental conditions occur. This paper explores the research potential of the imprints of threads and strings in a study focusing on the alternative uses of fibre-spun artefacts. The focus is on the Bronze Age Aegean imprints of threads and strings preserved on objects made of clay and on wall paintings recovered at Akrotiri on Thera. The technical properties of the original threads and strings are evaluated through observation of their imprints, and the fibre technology used for their production is assessed. The methodologies of spindle whorl metrology and experimental spinning are also integrated in the discussion. Ultimately, the use of threads and strings for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to textile production, is discussed.

scholarly journals AN ADMIXTURE SIGNAL IN ARMENIANS AROUND THE END OF THE BRONZE AGE REVEALS WIDESPREAD POPULATION MOVEMENT ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahit Hovhannisyan ◽  
Eppie Jones ◽  
Pierpaolo Maisano Delser ◽  
Joshua Schraiber ◽  
Anna Hakobyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
True Source ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe Armenians, a population inhabiting the region in West Asia known as the Armenian Highland, has been argued to show a remarkable degree of population continuity since the Early Neolithic. Here we test the degree of continuity of this population as well as its plausible origin, by collating modern and ancient genomic data, and adding a number of novel contemporary genomes. We show that Armenians have indeed remained unadmixed through the Neolithic and at least until the first part of the Bronze Age, and fail to find any support for historical suggestions by Herodotus of an input from the Balkans. However, we do detect a genetic input of Sardinian-like ancestry during or just after the Middle-Late Bronze Age. A similar input at approximately the same time was detected in East Africa, suggesting large-scale movement both North and South of the Middle East. Whether such large-scale population movement was a result of climatic or cultural changes is unclear, as well as the true source of gene flow remains an open question that needs to be addressed in future ancient DNA studies.

Treatment of Wool Fabrics by Argon Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Plasma and its Dyeing

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Hua Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers

With the increase in the environmental protection consciousness of people, attention has focused on plasma technology because of its efficiency and environmentally friendliness. In order to improve the dyeing behavior of wool fabrics, surface modification of wool fabrics was carried out using an atmospheric pressure (argon) low temperature plasma treatment (LTP). Morphology and chemical composition analyses of the treated wool fiber surface were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect on the surface properties of wool fabrics treated for different times was evaluated. The results showed that the coloration of wool fabric is improved with an argon atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment but the fabric has a lower color fastness to washing and rubbing. This results from the formation of sulfonic groups and the increase in nitrogen content attributed to more severe etching and oxidization on the surface of wool fibers.

scholarly journals An Undervalued Archaeological Resource: Social Aspects of Bronze Age Textile Production in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Basso Rial ◽  
Francisco Javier Jover Maestre ◽  
Juan Antonio López Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Bronze Age

According to Childe, the Bronze Age in Europe is thought to be the first ‘golden age’ in European history. The development of metallurgy, clearly associated with the production of weapons, and the expansion of exchange networks covering all types of goods are considered essential in the process of consolidation of social elites, and, by extension, of social inequalities. The significance of textile production has, however, been undervalued as a specialized craft and as a manufacturing process that creates cultural differences and signals social inequalities. Being associated with domestic contexts rather than with specialized workshops, textile production in the eastern Iberian Peninsula has been underestimated; it is addressed here, as is its potential importance in societies immersed in a process of social stratification.

scholarly journals The Oglakhty-Tom Petroglyphs of the Lower Tom Rock Art Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
I. V. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Carbon Dating ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
The Bronze Age

The present research featured the cultural and chronological context of the Oglakhty-Tom petroglyphs found in the lower valley of the Tom river. The author compiled a complete list of geometric petroglyphs of South Siberia, as well as a series of representational parallels that can help to date geometric zoomorph characters carved by the Bronze Age peoples of West Siberia. The author also illustrated some representational parallels for geometric petroglyphs from the early Andronian period found in the Vasyugan complex and the Lugavskoye burial mound in the Middle Yenisei. The paper introduces some results of carbon dating for these petroglyphs. The author detected some new archaeologic and petroglyphic complexes in the Lower Tom that go back to the epoch between Early Andronian time and the Bronze Age. He established the connection between the geometric petroglyphs and the Early Andronian complex in the Lower Tom, while the Minor Tuva-Altai petroglyphs proved to be as old as the Early Seyma-Turbino period. The paper contains palimpsests and ritual assemblages that prove that Oglakhty-Tom and Late Angara petroglyphs once co-existed. The author believes that the geometric petroglyphs and the realistic Late Angara petroglyphs date back to the same Early Andronian communities. The research also traces back various sources of these art traditions.

scholarly journals A. M. MANDELSHTAM’S EXPEDITIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA IN 1940–1960S

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Yu. KUTIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Bronze Age

The paper provides a short research biography of A. M. Mandelschtam (1920–1983), one of the leading authorities in the archaeology of Central Asia, an expert in the study of the steppe and nomadic cultures of Central Asia and South Siberia. Mandelschtam’s long and active expedition- ary activity in Tajikistan during the 1940–1950s and in Turkmenistan during the first half of the 1960s became the basis for his research and for the study of various important problems in the Bronze Age and Classical Period archaeology of Central Asia.

scholarly journals Fish depictions in the deer stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
J. Bayarsaikhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
World View ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
The World ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
The Bronze Age

The autochthonous community of Central Asia, including Mongolia, is based on a nomadic culture, the origins of which go back to the paleoculture, the Bronze Age. The article is devoted to the topic of Central Asia - study drawings, petroglyphs in the Late Bronze Age. On the deer stones, petroglyphs, logograms depicting heavenly bodies (sun, moon), hunting and labor tools, wild and domestic animals, fish, as well as the so-called «pair fish» of which were found during archaeological work in Mongolia, South Siberia, Central Asia. The article notes that in the depicted figures, logos reflected the «world view» of the ancient people, their mythology and ideology, understanding of the world and nature. Some artifacts of the paleoculture discovered during archaeological excavations are still kept in the National Museum of Mongolia. Exploring the artefacts of paleoculture, the author makes his own contribution to the study of the cultural origins of Central Asia.

scholarly journals Dimensional change of wool fabrics in the process of a tumble-drying cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4702-4709
Author(s):  
Wei Bao ◽  
Jinsong Shen ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
Xiongying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Tumble Dryer

Currently domestic tumble dryers are popularly used for drying garments; however, excessive drying and the inappropriate way of tumble agitation could waste energy and cause damage to or the dimensional change of garments. Shrinkage of wool fabrics during tumble drying causes a serious problem for wool garments. The current study investigated the shrinkage of untreated and Chlorine-Hercosett–finished wool fabrics at different drying times. Temperature of air in the tumble dryer, temperature of fabric, moisture content of fabric, and dimensional change at different drying times were measured. For the duration of the tumble drying, the rise of fabric temperature and the reduction of moisture content on the wool fabric were investigated to explore their relationship to the shrinkage of wool fabrics in the tumble-drying cycle. It was found that the tumble-drying process can be divided into different stages according to the temperature change trend of wool fabrics. The shrinkage mechanisms of the untreated and the treated fabrics were different. The dimensional change of untreated wool fabric was caused mainly by felting shrinkage during tumble drying. Chlorine-Hercosett–finished wool fabric can withstand the tumble-drying process without noticeable felting shrinkage due to the surface modification and resin coating of surface scales of wool fibers. The finding from the current research provides further understanding of the shrinkage behavior of wool fabrics during the tumble-drying process, leading to optimizing operational parameters at specific stages of a tumble-drying cycle.

scholarly journals Preparation of Chitosan Biguanidine Hydrochloride and Application in Antimicrobial Finish of Wool Fabric

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Qiao ◽  
Jin-Xin He
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (CGH) has been synthesized by the guanidinylation reaction of chitosan with dicyandiamide. Its synthetic mechanism was discussed. The structures of CGH were characterized by FT-IR and 13CNMR. In this study, we used citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent, mixed with CGH to perform a pad-dry-cure treatment on wool fabric to study its antimicrobial effects with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that there was no obvious sign that CGH adhered to the wool fabric if the wool fabrics were not oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. The surface crosslinks of the oxidized wool fibers were relatively coarse, which beneficial for the antimicrobial and antiseptic effects of the wool fabrics. Key words: chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride; synthesis; wool; antimicrobial

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document