scholarly journals The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Siti Nur Hofifah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang ◽  
Silmi Ridwan Putri ◽  
Bentang Arief Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Puncture Strength

This study aims to investigate the effect of rice husks’ particle size on resin-based brake pad performance (i.e. compressive strength, puncture strength, mass loss, wear rate, friction coefficient, and heat resistance). Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and cycloaliphatic amine were mixed to form resin and used as the brake pad's base material. In the experiment, rice husk with a specific particle size (i.e., 250, 500, dan 1000 μm) was added to the resin. Rice husk has received considerable interest due to its lignin, cellulose, and silica content, making it suitable as friction material due to its ceramic-like behavior. The experimental results showed small rice husk particles improved compressive strength, puncture strength, and bulk density. This can be obtained from the analysis of the maximum compressive strength for brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 μm having values of 0.238; 0.173; and 0.144 MPa, respectively. In contrast, large particles formed coarse surfaces and pores, decreased mass loss rate, and improve friction properties (i.e. wear rate, friction coefficient). The friction coefficient values of brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 µm were, respectively, 0.2075; 0.2070; and 0.3379. Particle size affected interpacking, interfacial bonding, pores number and size, thermal softening, mechanical properties, and friction properties of the brake pad. Comparison between the prepared resin-based and commercial brake pad was also done, confirming the utilization of agro-waste as a potential alternative for friction material in the brake pad.

scholarly journals Strength and Durability Performance of Alkali-Activated Rice Husk Ash Geopolymer Mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Yong Kim ◽  
Byung-Jae Lee ◽  
Velu Saraswathy ◽  
Seung-Jun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Alkali Activated

This paper describes the experimental investigation carried out to develop the geopolymer concrete based on alkali-activated rice husk ash (RHA) by sodium hydroxide with sodium silicate. Effect on method of curing and concentration of NaOH on compressive strength as well as the optimum mix proportion of geopolymer mortar was investigated. It is possible to achieve compressive strengths of 31 N/mm2and 45 N/mm2, respectively for the 10 M alkali-activated geopolymer mortar after 7 and 28 days of casting when cured for 24 hours at 60°C. Results indicated that the increase in curing period and concentration of alkali activator increased the compressive strength. Durability studies were carried out in acid and sulfate media such as H2SO4, HCl, Na2SO4, and MgSO4environments and found that geopolymer concrete showed very less weight loss when compared to steam-cured mortar specimens. In addition, fluorescent optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown the formation of new peaks and enhanced the polymerization reaction which is responsible for strength development and hence RHA has great potential as a substitute for ordinary Portland cement concrete.

Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Al7075 - Graphite Self-Lubricating Composite Reinforced by Nano-WO3 Particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmar D. Mahdi ◽  
Saif S. Irhayyim ◽  
Salah F. Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Alloy Matrix

Al7075 hybrid nanocomposites considered one of the most material utilized in modern engineering applications that required a combination of superior properties such as lightweight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and high thermal conductivity. In the current study, Al7075 – 5 vol % graphite self-lubricating composite was reinforced by 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 vol % WO3 nanoparticles in order to study the microstructural, mechanical, and wear characteristics. The classical powder metallurgy route was employed to fabricate the hybrid nanocomposites specimens. The microstructural analysis of the nanocomposites was characterized by utilizing a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Mechanical properties such as micro-hardness and diametral compressive strength were studied. Dry sliding wear test was performed under the various loads of 10, 15, 20, and 25 N at a sliding distance and sliding speed of 1810 m and 1.5 m/s, respectively. Results have revealed that the microhardness and diametral compressive strength considerably improved by increasing the WO3 content until 3.5 vol % and then slightly decreased. Besides, both the values of the wear rate and friction coefficient gradually reduced by increment the reinforcement content up to 3.5 vol % and then suddenly increases for all the applied loads. Nevertheless, the wear rate and friction coefficient were correlated positively with the applied loads. From the results obtained, graphite as solid lubricating material with WO3 nanoparticles was successfully combined into the Al7075 alloy matrix. The optimum mechanical and wear performance of the hybrid nanocomposite were revealed at 3.5 vol % content of WO3 nanoparticles.

Study on Space Copper-Based Powder Metallurgy Friction Material and its Tribological Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ping Yao ◽  
Ye Long Xiao ◽  
Jun Wang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Vacuum Condition ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
New Compounds

The microstructure and tribological properties of space copper-based friction material fabricated by Powder Metallurgy technology were studied using optical metallographic microscope and MM-1000-type tribo-tester, respectively. The results are shown as follows: The lubricant MoS2 was resolved during sintering, resulting in the loss of S element. MoS2 and its resolvents reacted with other components into some new compounds which contribute to the tribological properties of friction material. The lubrication mechanism of these new compounds showed essential difference in comparison to that for MoS2; the friction coefficient was higher under atmospheric condition than that under vacuum conditions, but almost the same under low and high vacuum conditions. It decreased under both atmospheric and low vacuum conditions with the increase of load. The environmental temperature had insignificant effect on the friction coefficient; under atmospheric condition as load increased, the mass loss of material decreased linearly, then increased. With regard to low vacuum condition as load increased, the mass loss of material increased, then decreased; the stable coefficient of friction material under vacuum condition was higher than that under atmospheric condition.

The effect of boron on the performance of automotive brake

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muzathik ◽  
Y. Nizam ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
W. Nik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Brake Performance ◽  
Single Material ◽  
Automotive Brake

Friction material in an automotive brake system plays an important role for effective and safe brake performance. A single material has never been sufficient to solve performance related issues. Current research aimed to examine properties of Boron mixed brake pads by comparing them with the commercial brake pads. Friction coefficient of Boron mixed brake pads and commercial brake pads were significantly different and increased with the increase in surface roughness. The abrupt reduction of friction coefficient is more significant in commercial brake pad samples than in Boron mixed brake pad formulations. Fade occurred in commercial brake pad sample at lower temperatures. Boron formulations are more stable than their commercial counterparts.

Characteristics of Tribolayers Observed in A356 Al Alloy — SiCP Composite Discs/Brake Pad During Sliding Wear Tests

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shivamurthy ◽  
M. K. Surappa
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Worn Surface

Tribological characteristics of A356 Al alloy-10 vol. % SiCP composite discs/brake pad has been studied under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds in the range 2 to 5 m/s and at loads in the range 1–3 MPa. In these tests, disc of Al MMCs and pin of friction pad made of polymer based composite were used. Wear rates of Al MMC disc as calculated by weight loss method, found to be negative at high sliding speed and high load. Worn surface of disc has been analyzed using EDAX. SEM analyses of worn surfaces of composite disc infer transfer of material from pin to the disc resulting in the formation of tribolayers. Two types of tribolayers were observed on the worn surface, one having shiny appearance of copper rich layer and other is dark in colour consisting of Mg, S, Fe, Ba, Ca, Si, Cu, In and Al. In the later layers were rich in copper and appear as bright patchy layers under SEM. Coverage of copper rich layers increase all along and across the worn track at a sliding speed of 4 and 5 m/s in the load range 2 to 3 MPa. Atomic percent of copper increase with load and consequently affect the wear rate of disc. EDAX analysis of dark tribo layers on wear track of composite disc show continuous increase in the amount of Cu and Ba with increase in speed and load. Hence, wear rate of composite discs were relatively low under all test conditions. These results clearly indicate composition of friction material having profound influence on the wear rate of Al MMC discs.

Preparation and optimization of a soft magnetic brake friction material based on permalloy additive

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Jiusheng Bao ◽  
Jinge Liu ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Tonggang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Theory ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Brake Friction Material

Purpose This paper aims to develop of magnetic field controlled friction braking technology, a novel brake friction material with magnetic was designed and prepared in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The permalloy, a soft magnetic material, was selected as an additive to design and prepare the magnetic brake material. The friction, wear performance and permeability of each brake pads were investigated by experiments. By choosing the performance of friction coefficient fluctuation, friction coefficient deviation and mean wear rate as optimization parameters, the formulation of the magnetic friction material was optimized based on Fuzzy theory by using analytic hierarchy process methods and SPSS software. Findings The results showed that the developed soft magnetic friction material has not only superior friction coefficient, permeability and inferior wear rate but also good physical and mechanical properties. Originality/value Permalloy powder was added to the formulation of friction material to achieve a new functional friction material with high magnetic permeability. It is believed that this research will be of great theoretical and practical significance to develop both new brake materials and active control technology of the braking process in the future.

Effect of Surface Modified Foamed Fe Powder on Tribological Properties of Semi-Metallic Friction Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Yuan Kang Zhou ◽  
Jian Yu Wei ◽  
Tao Yue Yang ◽  
Hua Wei Nie
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Fe Powder ◽  
Silane Coupling

The silane coupling agent KH550 is used to modify foamed Fe powder(FFP) surface for obtain the hydrophobic surface, which is the very important component in semi-metallic friction material. It can improve high temperature bonding force between FFP and phenolic resin, further improve friction coefficient stableness of friction material and abrasion resistance. The modification effect of FFP is characterized by IR, and the tribological properties is characterized by XD-MSM constant speed friction test machine, the surface topography is characterized by SEM. The results indicate that FFP has been bonded to silane coupling agent, and formed hydrophobic surface what has the alkyl group. The changing of friction coefficient has reduced 23%, the average wear rate has declined 28.6%,and the wear rate has declined 32% at 350 °C after the friction material with modified FFP compare with the one with original FFP. And those changing are all because of the fact that the FFP modified by KH550 is difficult to peel off during the high temperature.

scholarly journals Development of Asbestos-free Brake Pads Using Bamboo Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
N. O. Adekunle ◽  
K. A. Oladejo ◽  
S. I. Kuye ◽  
A. D. Aikulola
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Steel Dust ◽  
Automotive Brake

Asbestos-based brake pads are not desirable due to the carcinogenic nature of asbestos. Organic asbestos-free brake automotive brake pad produced from bamboo leaves was evaluated in this study. Ground bamboo leaves were sieved into sieve grades of 100, 200, and 350 μm. The sieved bamboo leaves particles were then combined with 15 % steel dust, 10% graphite, 20% resin, Silicon Carbide varied five (5) times between 35-55 % and 0-20% respectively for each sieve grade to make brake pads of different ratios. The mechanical properties (hardness, compressive strength, density, porosity, wear rate, and flame resistance) of the produced samples were investigated. The results showed that the finer the particle size of the bamboo leaves, the better the mechanical properties of the produced samples. The results of this work when compared with those of the commercial (asbestos based) brake pad showed they were in close agreement except for the wear rate and porosity property. Therefore, bamboo leaves could be used in the production of asbestos free brake pads if the wear rate and porosity properties of the produced samples could be improved.

Research on the Performance Influence of Second Adhesive to Friction Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Jie Peng ◽  
Yu Cheng Liu ◽  
Zhi Feng Yan ◽  
Bao Gang Wang ◽  
Fu Dong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Low Wear ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The friction materials have many species and they are being used widely, but people have higher requests to friction materials along with the development of technology. the friction material of this expermental optimization formula have the advantages of suitable and stable friction coefficient under high temperature, low wear rate, good restoration characteristics and so on. It can effcetively reduce heat fade of friction and wear under high temperature barking. fricton and wear performance of friction material with second adhesive is better than common preparation friction material , it has higher friction coefficient and lower wear rate, It was determined by physical chemical properities of tin and sulfer. while heating or wearing, the temperature of friction material reach melting temperature of tin, it will become molten state, and sulfer has strong oxidation, on the one hand, tin and sulfer occurred chemical reaction, generating sulfide, stannous (one sulfide tin),on the other hand, while the sulfer is being molten state, it will absorb some abrasive dust, at the same time of generating sulfide, abrasive dust will be adsorb and solidify to pits of friction surface, forming abrasive dust membrane, let the friction coefficient of sample become stable rapidly, reducing the wear rate of friction material.

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