scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ANTROPOGENIC CHANGES OF STRUCTURAL AND AGGREGATE COMPOSITION OF IRRIGATED MEADOW-BROWN SOILS (ANTHROSOLS) IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kroyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Technical System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Irrigated Soils

From the results of the research, it becomes clear that the elements of the strict elements in these lands are generally unstable and the lands do not have a welldefined stereotype. As compared to irrigated meadow brown soils, the number of water-resistant aggregates is somewhat lower in the longitudinal irrigated soils, and the grid is different in size. It is clear from the studies that the arable lands are strongly crushed, because of the continuity of the soil and other mechanical cultures, as the soil structure is interrupted by cutting down and working on the working parts of the soil and processing tools. In order to improve the sturdy and aggregate composition of irrigated meadow brown soils, increase fertility, efficient use and maintenance, it is necessary to develop and implement a full scientifically justified agro-technical system.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE LINKS OF FIELD CROP ROTATION ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Екатерина Данилец ◽  
Ekaterina Danilec
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The influence of the links of field crop rotation on the agrophysical properties of the soil in the zone of unstable moistening is relevant. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained recommendations by enterprises in the cultivation of crops in order to obtain stable yields in the zone of unstable moisture. The experiment was conducted in the zone of unstable moisture in 2015-2018 on the plots of “Yurchenko” farm. The cultivation of winter wheat in a clean pair, leguminous crops, flax and in re-sowing in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropol territory is analyzed. A study was conducted of the effect of the links of field crop rotation on the aggregate composition, water resistance and soil moisture. During the years of research, flax as a precursor of winter wheat showed a decrease in the coefficient of soil structure and the formation of a lumpy fraction. Pea is a favorable predecessor that increases the agrophysical properties of the soil. Improving the crop rotation in the “Yurchenko” peasant farm in the Aleksandrovsky district will improve the agrophysical indicators of soil fertility, therefore, to get higher yields and cultivate winter wheat profitably.

SOLVING COMPLEX PROBLEMS OF OPERATIONAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN CONDITIONS OF MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE IN AZERBAIJAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Aliev Z.G.
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mountain Agriculture ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Irrigated Soils

The main directions of the economic and social development of the republic is the intensification of agricultural production. Irrigation is a powerful means of intensifying agricultural production in the context of its specialization. In areas of insufficient moisture (especially in mountainous terrain), irrigation is one of the decisive factors in growing high and stable yields of agricultural crops. To this end, it is required to develop new technical solutions and introduce automated systems for low-intensity irrigation of agricultural crops that meet the requirements of ecology and environmental protection of their habitat, which makes it possible to improve the ecological state of irrigated lands, reduce water consumption per unit of production and increase the yield of certain crops on irrigated field. Irrigated soils in Azerbaijan cover 1.45 thousand hectares.

THE INFLUENCE OF NO-TILL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGROCHERNOZEMS IN THE TRANS-URAL STEPPE ZONE OF RISKY AGRICULTURE (REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Suleymanov ◽  
◽  
S. Zaykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of the evaluation agrophysical properties of agrochernozems under influence of No-Till management system. The research was conducted in the Trans-Ural Plain-Steppe Zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). The territory is located in the zone of risky agriculture and is arid. The territory characterized by a high level of agricultural use. Various degradation processes are observed in the soil cover. Such parameters as bulk density, soil-hydrological constants, structural-aggregate composition and water resistance of aggregates are studied.

scholarly journals ECOETHIC PROBLEMS OF SALINE AND SALTY SOILS IN AZERBAIJAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Garib Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Washing ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Salinization of plain soils in Azerbaijan Republic has a special place within the ecoethic problems. Saline soils spread widely in Azerbaijan. Approximately about 60% of the Kur-Araz lowland soils wich total area is 2.2 million hectares, became medium and strongly saline soils. In addition, saline soils are spread in Si¬yazan-Sumgait, Jeyranchol areas, in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and other areas of Azerbaijan. In general, moderate and intensive saline soils in the territory of our Republic consist of 1.3 million hectare total area. It means that 15% of the territory of the Republic has suffered this Ecoethicproblem. As a result of carried investigations it was defined that, 565481 hectares of the 1444.9 thousand hectares or 47.6% of total irrigated suitable for agriculture soils of the country, became saline in different degrees (152898 ha or 27% of this less saline, 146235 ha or 25.9% average saline, 223838 ha or 39.6% intensive saline, 42510 ha, or 7.5% salty soils), 508.3 thousand hectares (29.0%) of the different saline degrees (385037 ha or 75.8% of the low saline, 102110 ha, or 20.1% average saline, 21123 ha or 4.1% intensive saline) In the result of assessment of irrigated soils it was defined that 385.1 thousand hectares of soil is insufficient; in addition 103.4 thousand hectares of soil where the level of ground water near the surface, 115.1 thousand hectares of intensive saline soil, 166.6 thousand hectares are shown as the main reason for the combined effect of both factors. The main issue of soil washing is removal of salts from soil where plant roots spread. Plant roots spread layer implies one meter upper layer of the soil. Because, most of the agricultural crops or their root systems are in whole or partially spread under one meter. This layer is called a report layer. Light and medium mechanical composition soils are easy to clean as their water-leakage ability is great. The essence of the strip wash technology is the area defined is be washed being divided into parallel 3-5 lines depending on among-drain distance. The width of the central section 100 m, but the edges of the strips are separated into 50 meters. Washing the first begins with burial of the central zone with water, in the second stage middle strips, and in the third stage continues the burial of the edge strips. The area is prepared for washing generally in intermittent wash. Beds buried with water should be waited for absorption of the water up to depth 1.5-2.0 m. After that, the area is to be watered again. By this way washing continues up to reaching required report norm.

scholarly journals Effect of humic preparation and herbicide treatment on chernozem aggregate composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lychman ◽  
Olga Bezuglova ◽  
Marina Dubinina ◽  
Olga Naimi ◽  
Elena Polienko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Resistance Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Structural Coefficient ◽  
Soil Carbohydrates

The influence of the humic preparation and pesticides on dynamics of soil carbohydrates and the soil structure of ordinary chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat and chickpeas was studied. A positive trend in the growth of the structural coefficient was observed in all variants. This dynamic was confirmed statistically when a humic preparation and pesticides were used together: the difference with the control after treatment was 1.54% (2019). A decrease in the number of water-resistant units from 87.4 to 56.6% was observed on the control during the entire field experiment. There was a statistically significant increase of water-resistant aggregates by 1.9-5.4% when pesticides are applied together with a humic preparation. The growth of the aggregate water resistance criterion (API) from 6.0% to 17.2% was observed in the variant with a humic preparation. The dynamics of soil carbohydrates in all variants in 2017-2018 was insignificantly expressed. The sharp increase in the content of carbohydrates in 2019 is probably associated with a change of culture in the crop rotation link from winter wheat to chickpea. The amount of carbohydrate compounds varies from 1.13 in the control to 1.26% in the variant with the combined use of pesticides and a humic preparation.

scholarly journals Qualitative Performance Indicators of a Ripping-and-Separating Machine for Soil Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Syromyatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Rotary Machine ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
Structural Coefficient

Pre-­sowing soil cultivation aims at forming such a soil structure, which will allow increasing the yield.(Research purpose)To determine the qualitative indicators of an experimental soil­cultivating ripping­-and-­separating rotary machine for optimizing the ploughed soil layer, modifying the structure and density of the cultivated soil layer in accordance with the agronomic requirements.(Materials and methods)The author has studied physical and mechanical properties of the soil after its spring cultivation in the conditions of bare (black) fallow. Soil structure and aggregate composition depending on the type of cultivation, the density of soil layers at different times, the dynamics of soil moisture changes in the layers for two months after its spring cultivation have been analyzed as well.(Results and discussion)The author has studied the operation of a soil tillage ripping-­and-­separating machine on the soil layer, which is separated after processing into four sublayers: over­-seed, seed, under-­seed and subsurface ones. Soil fragments (lumps) of a size larger than 20 mm have been completely removed from the over-­seed sublayer. The most valuable soil structure in agronomic terms is formed in the seed sublayer, where the size of individual components does not exceed three times the size of seeds, the density of the under-­seed sublayer is up to 1.25 grams per cubic centimeter. The subsurface sublayer has a density of not more than 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter and a hardness of more than 3 MPa in the plow sole, which is provided by the main tillage operations. The information for the study has been obtained as a result of the analysis of literary sources.(Conclusion)The experimental machine for optimizing the agrophysical properties of the ploughed soil layer allows increasing the structural coefficient by about 2.5 times as compared with traditional cultivators. It has been found that soil cultivation with a ripping-­and-­separating tillage machine allows to improve the methods of pre-­sowing cultivation to improve its agrotechnical characteristics, skip pre­-sowing harrowing and cultivation and prepare the soil for sowing in one run.

Earthworm activity in irrigated red-brown earths used for annual crops in Victoria

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Tisdall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Very High ◽  
Earthworm Activity ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Few earthworms were found in January (15 m-2) or September (21 m-2) 1983 in surveys of irrigated soils used commercially for pastures in the Goulburn Valley, Vic.; only the introduced lumbricids were found. No earthworms were found in January 1983 in a survey of irrigated annual crops on similar soils; the soils had each supported irrigated pasture the previous year. However, in carefully managed experimental soils, i.e. with at least 10 t ha-' of cow manure added per crop with mild or no cultivation, used for double-cropping or lucerne, relatively high numbers (up to 86 m-2) of earthworms were present; these included lumbricids, the genera which are usually the most useful in terms of soil structure, and the native megascolecids. No mature lumbricids were found in January in plots without cow manure. Ample food is needed to enable relatively high numbers of lumbricids to develop in row-crops in the Goulburn Valley, and for very high numbers, the surface soil should be kept moist throughout summer. Macroporosity (20-80 mm depth), infiltration and number of biopores (50 mm depth) were each higher in the non-cultivated systems with cow manure than in the cultivated control (no cow manure added). Numbers of biopores in January 1984 were directly related to total numbers of earthworms in January 1984.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of winter wheat yield depending on the methods of basic tillage and the level of fertilization in the conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
N. I. Devterova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The research was out on low-humus heavy-duty heavy-clay merged leached chernozems in 2017–2020 in the Republic of Adygea, in the soybeans – winter wheat link of crop rotation. We studied the effect of soil cultivation techniques of varying intensity and fertilization level on the productivity of winter wheat and the agrophysical properties of the soil in its crops. The studies were carried out according to the method of the field experiment by B.A. Dospekhov. It was found that moldboard plowing was a more effective method for cultivating winter wheat, which provided additional formation of +1,18 t/ha (25,7%) of grain in comparison with double disking; sowing of winter wheat provided the maximum yield on the variants with the application of doses of Fon mineral fertilizers (N24 P104 + N5 P20) + N30 + N30, which contributed to the receipt of an additional +0,9 t/ha (18.8%) of grain. The effectiveness of the use of fertilizers for all varieties and doses of fertilizers according to the variants of the experiment was noted. Close correlations between productivity and a set of characteristics: the mass of grain from one spike; the number of grains in an ear; weight of 1000 grains; the total number of plants and productive stems were revealed. The positive effect of plowing on the structural and aggregate composition of the soil was noted. The average indices of the volumetric mass of the cultivated layer by both methods of cultivation did not exceed the optimal values of soil density for the cultivation of winter wheat (1,24–1,27 g/cm3). Productive moisture reserves were assessed as good and satisfactory. It was found that from 51,0 to 88,0% of the yield variability depended on the influence and mutual influence of the most significant elements of the yield structure (R2 is the coefficient of determination 0,88; 0,77; 0,51).

Erosion resistance of irrigated soils in the republic of Azerbaijan

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1394-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Babaev ◽  
E. A. Gurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Irrigated Soils

scholarly journals Current nature and problems of agricultural land management in the Republic of Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
E I Ergina ◽  
G. E. Tronza ◽  
I M Shevchenko ◽  
S M Ergin ◽  
I Ya Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The main problems of the nature and management of agricultural land under the conditions of modern soil management have been considered. Among the processes which cause soil structure decline on the Crimean peninsula, predominate: erosion, deflation, dehumification, secondary salinization and alkalinization of previously irrigated areas, overgrowing of agricultural land with shrubs and light forests, and some other processes leading to loss of soil fertility. Considerable attention has been paid to the problem of developing a system for soil resources monitoring. It has been noted that the main problems in the rational management of agricultural land in the region are: the imperfection of the regional monitoring system for the nature, conservation, management and protection of soil cover, and the lack of reliable and complete information on the nature of agricultural land.

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