scholarly journals WHY DID POST-SOVIET RUSSIA NOT FOLLOW THE "CHINESE PATH" OF REFORMS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
A. Kiva
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Material Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Reform Model ◽  
Made In

Analyzing the progress of reforms in the two countries, A.V. Kiva emphasizes that China managed to reform the country in an evolutionary way without the shocks that the Russian Federation went through. Deng Xiaoping's team carefully developed a reform model, including ways to get outside investment, technology, and expertise. At the same time, the emphasis was placed on internal development, and the authorities refused any geopolitical projects in order to save money. Already at the beginning of the reforms, the emphasis was placed on the development of the industrial and innovative sector in the economy and the creation of a strong export potential in order to obtain currency and increase investment in the economy. At the same time, Deng Xiaoping instructed his colleagues not to quarrel with anyone, not to react to unfriendly statements against China, no matter where they came from. As for Russia, the team of young reformers led by Yegor Gaidar did not develop their own model of reforms, but borrowed it from the United States and implemented it with the participation of American advisers. This model is made in the spirit of neoliberalism and a priori was disastrous for Russia. In the zero years, the model has changed, but the problem of transferring the country's raw material economy to the rails of industrial and innovative development has not been solved. Russia, as the legal successor of the USSR, became embroiled in expensive geopolitical projects, quarreled with a number of influential countries, and failed to evade sanctions that hindered its development.

scholarly journals LEGAL TECHNOLOGY FORE AM FISCAL CHURS (ECONOMICS) RUSSIA IN THE FOREIGN COUNTRIES (WHO OWNS THE INFORMATION — OWNS THE ECONOMY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(24)) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Fyodor Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Technology

The author’s article addresses very well-stated economic security, allowing us to draw not only scientific, educational and educational conclusions, but also practical requirements in view of the current developments in the country in the development of the market system. What really outlined the position of the author allows us to assert the presence of views on the part of citizens of the Russian Federation, who have citizenship of the United States, England, Cyprus, Germany, etc. countries to consider Russian resources as a source of enrichment (raw material base) and the ability to pay them increased taxes in those countries where they have not only citizenship of the CIVIL, but also accounts, real estate. In general, the author’s judgment will allow to implement not only the requirements (concepts and strategies) of the President of Russia, but also in improving the activities of the legislation and activities of certain state bodies of the Russian Federation.

Election and Appointment

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Akzin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Final Count ◽  
A Company ◽  
Made In

However careful one ought to be not to indulge in exaggerated conceptualism—an approach which easily degenerates into mere terminological exercise—a number of political terms in constant use have meanings which call for clarification. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to two such terms: election and appointment. We use them regularly in teaching, observation and summing-up of institutions as if they were antonyms, without really bothering to determine wherein the supposed antithesis lies. Of course, neither term denotes an a priori category; both are names for historically evolved procedures, with many variations resulting from attempts to adjust them to preconceived ideas or to environmental factors. But even with full allowance for these variations, and with due regard for every-day common usage, certain discrepancies remain in our use of them which make for unclear thinking.To give a few instances: a chairman of a company (in the United States, the chairman of the board) is “elected” by the board's members. The same group of persons, sitting in the same capacity, may go through exactly the same motions when selecting a branch manager, and yet we think of him as “appointed.” And is the company's managing director (in American parlance, the corporation president) “appointed” or “elected”? Or to turn to the field which is nearer to reader and writer alike, the field of assigning people to functions of a public, more particularly of a political, nature: is a cabinet in France under the fourth Republic or in Israel “elected” because it does not assume its functions unless and until the legislature has confirmed it by vote? Is a non-political public office to be considered “elective,” if the assignment of the office-holder is made in the final count by a group of persons deciding by unanimous concurrence or by vote? No one will question this statement in the case of judges elected by popular vote; but what about certain judges as well as the General commanding-in-chief in Switzerland, who are “elected” by the Swiss Federal Assembly? And what about civil servants or holders of other public offices whose selection was decided upon, in whole or in part, by a selection board or by some similar collective group? Somehow we think of such office-holders as appointive, despite the procedure of election which took place in their cases.

scholarly journals BASIC DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
E. Titova ◽  
A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Products

Currently, in accordance with the processes of globalization and global economic and environmental trends, the Russian government is focusing economic entities on the innovative development of the Russian economy. For the timber industry of the Russian Federation, which ranks first in the world in terms of timber reserves, a transition to innovative development is inevitable. This transition is due to the resource potential of the industry, global environmental trends of the "green economy", the prevailing market relations between the economic entities of the industry, the presence of a bank of scientific and technical and experimental development in the field of timber industry. The analysis of Russia's share in the global forestry market is carried out: the Russian Federation is the world leader in timber reserves, it has 1/5 of the world's forest reserves and, therefore, takes first place; Brazil ranks second in timber reserves, Canada is third and the United States is fourth. The structure of Russia's exports by product groups is examined: the country's most profitable budget item is the export of fuel and energy products, accounting for 64% of the total export structure, and only 3% of the export structure is the export of timber and paper products. Given the development trends of world oil markets and the geopolitical tensions of countries, it can be assumed that in the next 5 years, the total revenue of the Russian Federation from the export of fuel and energy products will significantly decrease and will cease to be the most profitable budget item in the country. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is a world leader in timber reserves, we believe that the innovative development of the timber industry should be one of the leading areas in the industry development strategy of the Russian Federation, and accordingly in the export strategy of the Russian Federation. The main directions of the innovative development of the timber industry of the Russian Federation in the following sectors are identified: forestry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, chemical production, logging, wooden housing construction.

Why Did Memetics Fail? Comparative Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-570
Author(s):  
Radim Chvaja
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Units Of Selection ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Coevolution Theory ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Made In

Although the theory of memetics appeared highly promising at the beginning, it is no longer considered a scientific theory among contemporary evolutionary scholars. This study aims to compare the genealogy of memetics with the historically more successful gene-culture coevolution theory. This comparison is made in order to determine the constraints that emerged during the internal development of the memetics theory that could bias memeticists to work on the ontology of meme units as opposed to hypotheses testing, which was adopted by the gene-culture scholars. I trace this problem back to the diachronic development of memetics to its origin in the gene-centered anti-group-selectionist argument of George C. Williams and Richard Dawkins. The strict adoption of this argument predisposed memeticists with the a priori idea that there is no evolution without discrete units of selection, which in turn, made them dependent on the principal separation of biological and memetic fitness. This separation thus prevented memeticists from accepting an adaptationist view of culture which, on the contrary, allowed gene-culture theorists to attract more scientists to test the hypotheses, creating the historical success of the gene-culture coevolution theory.

A Note On Consumption Patterns in the Rural Areas of East Pakistan

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Made In

The main purpose of this paper is to present estimates of income elasticities for various commodity groups in East Pakistan. To date no such studies have been conducted in that province; and estimates made in other areas of the subcontinent have only limited applicability. Analysis of consumption patterns is essential for development planning because priorities and investment targets have to be based on demand forecasts for different commodities. Forecasting demand requires, among other variables, reliable estimates of income elasticities. In addition, knowledge about elasticities can be useful in deciding taxation policies and other controls over consumption. Further, in countries like Pakistan where large quantities of surplus foods are imported under the United States PL 480 programme, knowledge of income elasticities and regional patterns of consumption is important to permit effective utilization of these imports for economic development.

THE NEW SECURITY CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1864
Author(s):  
Olga Zoric ◽  
Katarina Jonev ◽  
Ivan Rancic
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The author starts from the informational dimension of the operational environment in a strategic reality and deal with the problem of defining informational power from the theoretical and practical aspect of information warfare.The deliberations in the work are aimed to initiate a procedure for auditing of the security documents in order to create a legal basis for the operationalization of the content of information security, as one of the aspects of integral security of the Republic of Serbia. The paper deals with the conceptual determinations and importance of information, information warfare and information operations, as well as the content of information warfare, pointing out the strategic and doctrinal definitions of the information warfare of the United States of America, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia. It is necessary to accurately and objectively observe world achievements in the field of national security and the relation of the most powerful world powers to the problem of information warfare. Based on a comparative analysis of world trends and the state of the theoretical and practical aspects of information security of the Republic of Serbia, the focus is on work, where measures are proposed to improve the security function in the fourth unit of work.

The new in monitoring of provision of cancer care in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Наталья Стадченко ◽  
Natal'ya Stadchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
Proven Case ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Made In

The Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund created the system of a monitoring of medical aid provided for the oncology patients, which allows realizing control over execution of the treatment guidelines on every stage. Changes been made in the governing documents, aimed at development of patient-specific records of provided medical aid at suspicion on the malignant tumors or in proven case of the malignant tumors. The article presents the data on control and expert activities demonstrating positive results of that work.

Features of The Proceedings on Administrative Offenses Initiated for Violation of Fire Safety Requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Administrative Legislation ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).

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