Characterization of Briquette from Crab Shell (Portunus pelagicus) with The Addition of Pati Adhesive

Briquettes is a solid fuel that can be used as an alternative energy source which has a certain shape. This study aims to determine the effect starch adhesive material on the characteristics of briquettes from crab shells waste. the percentage used between the crab shells and the adhesive were 85%: 15%, 80%: 20%, 75%: 25% and 70%: 30%, with the size of the powder sieve 40 mesh. Mixed crab shells powder and starch produces water content of 4.34-5.25%, where the value is in conformity with the desired moisture content SNI. The addition of adhesive on crab shell briquettes generates density values ranged from 0.33-0.52 g/cm3. The content of the ash content in the shells of crabs briquettes are 45 to 68.5% and volatile matter content is generated is equal to 51.70-52.41%.

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Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

Journal of Tropical Peatlands ◽

10.52850/jtpupr.v10i2.2071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Alpian ◽

Raynold Panjaitan ◽

Adi Jaya ◽

Yanciluk ◽

Wahyu Supriyati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

National Standard ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

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ANALISA PEMANFAATAN BRIKET LIMBAH ARANG KAYU ALABAN DI DESA TAPUK KECAMATAN LIMPASU KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI TENGAH

INFO-TEKNIK ◽

10.20527/infotek.v21i1.8965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan ◽

Andy Nugraha

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Fixed Carbon Content ◽

Better Than

The solution to reduce the use of fossil fuels is by utilizing renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, and hydropower, as well as the utilization of other alternative energy derived from biomass. One of alternative energy from biomass that is very potential is briquettes. Tapuk Village, Limpasu Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency is one of the producers of Alaban wood charcoal, with grade D charcoal in the form of charcoal flakes and is often regarded as waste. This study aims to determine the physical properties of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes which include water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, and calorific value, as well as the potential utilization of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes. so that residents can use Tapuk Village, Limpasu District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency as an alternative fuel to substitute kerosene and LPG. The results showed the physical properties of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes for 3.66 % water content, 3.15 % ash content, 14.31 % volatile matter content, 78.88% fixed carbon content, 6.259.33 cal / gr calorific value. The use of alaban wood charcoal waste briquettes is able to produce consumption costs efficiency of 60% better than the use of LPG and 70% better than the use of kerosene.

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To Biomassa Tempurung Buah nyamplung (Callophyllum spp) untuk Pembuatan Briket Arang sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif

Jurnal Sains Terapan ◽

10.29244/jstsv.1.1.8-13 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Fahrizal Hazra ◽

Novita Sari

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Burning Charcoal

Nyamplung shell is a biomass whose existence has not been optimally utilized. Biomass is a solid waste that can be used again as a source of fuel. Favorable characteristics of the biomass is an energy source that can be utilized in a sustainable manner because it is renewable. Biomass of Nyamplung shell can be processed become a form of solid fuel with a same specific dimension, it is resulting from compression of bulk materials, powders, and the relatively small size commonly referred to as charcoal briquettes. The aim of this research is to test the feasibility of nyamplung shell as a raw material for making briquettes on the households by conducting analysis of quality parameters briquette specimens including physical properties (water content, calor value, and density), briquette durability (persistence press), chemical (ash content, fixed carbon and volatile matter content) and the rate of burning charcoal briquette. The treatment in this aim is a mixture composition of raw materials (charcoal of Nyamplung shell) who were given the same amount of adhesive and compressed by compressing hydraulic briquette. The results showed that, charcoal briquettes made from the Calophyllum shell can be used as alternative energy, with a characteristic range of values from 3,39-3,83% moisture content, calor value ranges from 3.646,14-5.431,35 calories / gram, the range of density values 0,663-0,721 gram/cm3, the range of persistence press value 1,98-5,39 kg/cm2, the range of ash content value 19,89-24,51%, the range of fixed carbon value 33,09-40,86%, the range of volatile matter value 35,03-38,57%, and the range of rate of burning from 0,0574-0,0898 grams/second. The low value of moisture content can lead to higher heating value of charcoal briquettes. High/low levels of volatile could affect fast/slow rate of burning charcoal briquettes. Key words : nyamplung shell, biomass, charcoal briquette

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BIOPELET DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KEMIRI (ALEURITES MOLUCCANA) DENGAN CAMPURAN BIOMASSA LIMBAH BATANG SAGU (METROXYLON SAGU) DAN SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF

Wahana Forestra Jurnal Kehutanan ◽

10.31849/forestra.v16i2.7056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 170-180

Author(s):

Widia Istiani ◽

Evi Sribudiani ◽

Sonia Somadona

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Volatile Matter Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aleurites Moluccana

Utilization of biomass as biopellet is a solution for the creation of renewable alternative energy. So that a research was conducted on the manufacture of biopellets from waste shells of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) with a mixture of waste biomass from sago stems (Metroxylon sago) and sawdust. This study aims to determine the quality and determine the composition of the best raw materials in biopellets. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and five replications. The raw materials are dried for 3 days, then mashed and filtered, then the raw materials are mixed with adhesive and printed, the last parameter is tested. The results showed that the water content, calorific value, and volatile matter content of the biopellet met the SNI standard. 8021:2014. However, in the density and ash content test, the biopellet did not meet the SNI 8021:2014 standard. The best biopellet composition was obtained in treatment P2 with the addition of 10% of the total weight of biomass with a moisture content of 9.96%, density 0.31g/cm3, calorific value 4.232 cal/g, and ash content 11.3%, and volatile matter content of 73 ,69%

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Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v4i2.9118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽

Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽

Listiana Satiawati ◽

Thariq Madani ◽

Teuku Ananda Rizky

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

A Value ◽

Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable, namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of 37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of 20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste, namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

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PERBANDINGAN NILAI BAKAR BRIKET BATUBARA DAN BRIKET ARANG (CAMPURAN CANGKANG BINTARO (Cerbera Manghas) DAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus Asper)

TEKNIKA: Jurnal Teknik ◽

10.35449/teknika.v6i1.99 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ida Febriana ◽

Zurohaina Zurohaina ◽

Sahrul Effendy

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Bituminous Coal ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Carbonization Temperature ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Tapioca Flour ◽

Cerbera Manghas

Charcoal briquettes are smokeless fuels which are a type of solid fuel whose fly substance is made low enough so that the smoke generated on its utilization will not interfere with health. In this study charcoal briquettes were made from bintaro shell waste and betung bamboo using tapioca flour adhesives. This study aims to obtain the best quality sub-bituminous coal briquettes and coal briquettes. In this study the carbonization temperature used was 400ᵒC and the composition of raw materials for bintaro shells and betung bamboo was 50:50, the composition of raw materials for sub-bituminous coal and straw 90:10. The method used in this research is experiment or experimental method, with fuel value collection using ASTM D5865-03 standard. The results obtained from this study are for charcoal briquettes with 4000C carbonization temperature Inherent Moisture value of 1.91%, ash 2.29%, volatile matter 23.79%, fixed carbon 72.01% and calorific value 5878.7 kal / gr, and for coal briquettes obtained value Inherent Moisture 0.52%, ash 4.42%, volatile matter 17.98%, fixed carbon 77.08% and calorific value 7152.6 kal / gr. The fuel value of coal briquettes is greater than that of charcoal briquettes, but the combustion value of charcoal briquettes includes a good calorific value as an alternative energy source, and is in accordance with the SNI standard of 5000 kal / gr, even close to the Japanese standard 6000 cal / gr. Keywords: Bintaro, briquette, calorific value

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Microstructure and Basic Properties of Domestic Butyl Rubber 1751

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.235 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 912-914 ◽

pp. 235-242

Author(s):

Nai Xiu Ding ◽

Pei Yan Zuo ◽

Yi Jia ◽

Li Li Wang ◽

Hai Tao Wang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mass ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Butyl Rubber ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Average Molecular Mass ◽

Basic Properties

The characterization of microstructure and basic properties of domestic butyl rubber 1751 ( IIR 1751) was performed with different testing , such as 1H-NMR spectrum, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter. And the comparison with Butyl 268 and Butyl 301 was made. The results showed that IIR1751 had a narrower molecular mass distribution, lower number-average molecular mass and lower weight-average molecular mass. The unsaturation degree of IIR1751 was close to Butyl 268 and Butyl 301. Its thermal stability was higher than the other and its ash content and volatile matter content was lower. Its glass transition temperature was same to Butyl 268’s, which was slightly higher than the Butyl 301. Dispersion of carbon black in IIR1751 vulcanizates was poor, but IIR1751 vulcanizates had good processing property, had a longer scorch safety period and fast curing rate. Its fatigue performance was good and its mechanical properties can achieve a better balance.

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KARATERISTIK TANAH GAMBUT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF

Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) ◽

10.20527/jukung.v4i2.6583 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Ghofur ◽

Aqli Mursadin

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Key Word

Berdasarkan ketersediaan sumber daya gambut yang besar di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, maka peluang untuk memanfaatkan potensi tanah gambut sebagai sumber energi alternatif sangat besar. Sumber energi yang didapat dari minyak, gas bumi, dan batubara sedikit demi sedikit berkurang, sehingga perlu dicarikan sumber energi alternatif. Peneliti Lahan Gambut dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rawa Pertanian (Balittra) Banjarbaru, Dr Muhammad Noor dalam berita Banjarmasin post tanggal 24 Nopember 2005 tentang “PLN Melirik Lahan Gambut” menjelaskan, dalam gambut memang terdapat energi yang dapat membangkitkan tenaga listrik, energi yang terdapat dalam gambut cukup tinggi yakni sekitar 5.000 kilo kalori per kilogram. Di Kalsel, keberadaannya setara dengan 65 miliar barel minyak bumi atau sebesar 10 juta barel per tahun energi yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut beberapa perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana usaha untuk melakukan tanah gambut untuk menjadi sumber energi alternatif yang berkualitas dan mudah digunakan, bagimana karateristik tanah gambut sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Salah satu cara untuk mengoptimalkan potensi gambut adalah memanfaatkannya sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan briket yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar altematif . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah a) memanfaatkan ketersediaan sumber daya alam dengan menggunakan tanah gambut sebagai energi alternatif dan b ) mengetahui Nilai kalori, berat jenis, kadar air dan kadar abu di wilayah studi. Tanah gambut yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk energi alternatif berasal dari Desa Gambut Kabupaten Banjar. Prosedur pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan terhadap karateristik tanah gambut diwilayah studi sebagai sumber energi. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa untuk tanah gambut di Desa Gambut Kec. Gambut bisa untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan teknologi pembriketan. Dengan nilai Kadar Air 0,10%, Kadar Abu 72,65%, berat jenis 2,11 Gs dengan nilai kalori 579,2 cal/g bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Key word : energi alternatif, nilai kalori, tanah gambut. Based on the availability of large peat resources in the province of South Kalimantan, the opportunity to utilize the potential of peat soil as an alternative energy source is very large. Energy sources derived from oil, natural gas, and coal gradually diminish, so alternative energy sources are needed. Peatland Researchers from the Agricultural Swamp Research Institute (Balittra) Banjarbaru, Dr. Muhammad Noor in the Banjarmasin post on November 24, 2005 on "PLN Looking at Peatlands" explained that in peat there is indeed energy that can generate electricity, energy contained in peat quite high at around 5,000 kilos of calories per kilogram. In South Kalimantan, its existence is equivalent to 65 billion barrels of oil or 10 million barrels per year of energy produced. Based on this background, several formulations of the problem in this study are how to make peat soils to be a quality alternative energy source that is easy to use, how the characteristics of peat soil as an alternative energy source. One way to optimize the potential of peat is to use it as a raw material in making briquettes that can be used as alternative fuels. The purpose of this study is a) utilizing the availability of natural resources by using peat soil as alternative energy and b) knowing the calorific value, specific gravity, moisture content and ash content in the study area. Peat soil used as raw material for alternative energy comes from the Gambut Village of Banjar Regency. The procedure for conducting research was carried out on the characteristics of peat soil in the study area as an energy source. From the results of this study indicate that for peat soil in the village of Gambut Kec. Peat can be used as an alternative fuel with briquette technology. With a value of 0.10% moisture content, ash content 72.65%, specific gravity of 2.11 Gs with a calorific value of 579.2 cal / g can be used as an alternative fuel. Key word: alternative energy, calorific value, peat soil.

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PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v4i2.1470 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Erwin Junary ◽

Julham Prasetya Pane ◽

Netti Herlina

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Volatile Matter Content ◽

Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

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Investigation of some Properties of Bio-coal Briquettes Produced using Beniseed (Sesame seed) Stalks as Biomass

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i231261 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-101

Author(s):

Harry Iorwuese Guusu ◽

Alex Okibe Edeoja ◽

Jacob Sunday Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Ignition Time ◽

Sesame Seed ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Optimum Composition ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Alternative Energy Source ◽

Wealth Generation

This study evaluated the properties of bio-coal briquettes made by blending coal with beniseed (sesame seed) stalks in order to determine the optimum composition. The briquettes were produced using a hydraulic compression machine at 5, 10 and 15 bar applied to coal:biomass compositions of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100% by weight of mixture and particle sizes of 212, 300 and 600 µm. The physical, ultimate and proximate properties of the briquettes were then measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the optimum composition for producing the briquettes lies between 60:40% and 40:60%. These ranges of composition of briquettes had the lowest ignition time of 57.6s, highest percentage volatile matter of 42.7% and low percentage sulphur content of 0.38%. Furthermore, the 40:60% briquettes had the highest mean calorific value of 26.67 MJ/kg. These indicate good potentials for briquettes using coal and beniseed stalks as an alternative energy source while contributing to a friendly environment and wealth generation.

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